海洋酸化对颗石藻的影响

工业革命以来人类活动产生了大量二氧化碳气体（CO2）并释放到大气中。CO2溶于海水,造成海水pH值降低,改变海洋碳酸系统的平衡。海洋酸化对海洋生态系统特别是钙化生物构成威胁。颗石藻作为主要的钙化浮游生物,在海洋碳循环过程中起着重要的作用。大多数培养实验表明CO2浓度上升会促进颗石藻光合作用。而海洋酸化对不同种或不同品系颗石藻钙化作用产生不同的影响。     

Characterization of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea Using Excitation-Emission Matrix Spectroscopy (EEMs) and Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC)

Compositions and concentrations of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) have been determined in the Bohai Sea (BS) and the Yellow Sea (YS) in the summer and autumn in 2013 by excitation and emission matrix spectroscopy (EEMs) and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). The PARAFAC model identified three humic-like components (C1, C2, and C3) and one protein-like component (C4). CDOM exhibited higher fluorescence intensities in the coastal areas in both the summer and autumn. However, its distribution patterns were different in the two seasons. Based on spatial and seasonal distributions of four components, as well as correlations with salinity, chlorophyll a (Chl-a), and apparent oxygen utilization (AOU), the following assignments were made. The C1, C2, and C3 components were mainly dominated by terrestrial inputs and influenced by the primary productivity of phytoplankton in the summer as well. C4 was assigned to terrestrial and autochthonous origins and most likely represented a biologically labile component. Terrestrial inputs were the dominant source of CDOM in the BS and YS. The humification index (HIX) and biological index (BIX) suggested that CDOM in the BS was more stable than that in the YS, which had an increase in autochthonous production, and in the summer, CDOM was less stable with a higher CDOM autochthonous production compared with that in the autumn.     

Effect of cutting depth and line spacing on the cuttability behavior of sandstones by conical picks

Various types of conical picks in different shapes are produced and widely employed on mechanical excavators. Depending on the mechanical and abrasivity properties of rocks, appropriate shape of pick is selected. In order to obtain maximum efficiency from the pick during excavation, the interaction between the pick and rock and the cutting mechanism play very important role. In this context, linear cutting tests were conducted by using a conical pick at the cutting depths between 3 and 18 mm and also at the various line spacings on sandstones exhibiting different mechanical properties. The results indicated that cutting depth and line spacing have significant influences on the tool forces acting on the pick, the ratio of normal to cutting force, and the specific energy. Accordingly, strong correlations and empirical models were developed. In conclusion, the empirical models proposed for estimating the forces and specific energy would be used for producing the conical bits and also designing the cutter heads of mechanical excavators on soft and medium-hard strength sandstones.     

鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘泾河油田长7-长8古流向及 沉积相分析

对泾河油田三维地震前积反射、钻井取芯砂岩轻重矿物分离测试和砂体剖面结构对比,并结合前人研究结果认为,泾河油田长8-长7砂岩碎屑主要来自于西南部陇西古陆,部分来自于南部秦岭物源,不受北东物源影响。结合物源、岩芯特征和测井相分析结果认为,泾河油田整个长8₁自下而上是河流-三角洲-半深湖的水进沉积过程,发育3条北东向和1条南北向河道。长8₁2为滨浅湖相-三角洲-河流相沉积,发育（水下）分流河道砂岩;长8₁1储层为浅湖-半深湖背景中水进三角洲水下分流河道砂岩。长7₂为浊积砂岩储层,发育9个北东向浊积水道。     

Geochemistry of Palaeozoic marine petroleum from the Tarim Basin, NW China: Part 3. Thermal cracking of liquid hydrocarbons and gas washing as the major mechanisms for deep gas condensate accumulations

The Lunnan Lower Uplift in the Tarim Basin, NW China contains a composite petroleum system with mainly biodegraded heavy oil in the west, normal oil in the center and gas condensate in the east. Twenty-three gas samples and 37 oil samples taken from three major hydrocarbon bearing intervals in the Lunnan lower bulge were analyzed for their stable carbon isotopes and molecular biomarkers. On the basis of their isotopic compositions, biomarkers, especially diamondoids, and integrating the physical properties of the hydrocarbons including densities, GOR and PVT relationships, it has been concluded that the recently discovered deep (6500 m) eastern Lungu giant Ordovician gas condensate pool with an estimated reserve of 723 million bbl oil equivalent is a secondary hydrocarbon accumulation derived from the mixing of an early formed oil and a late formed gas. The extremely dry gases with a gas dryness of >0.98 were derived from thermal cracking of crude oils and charged to an existing oil reservoir causing extensive gas washing and secondary alteration. Compared with most of the hydrocarbons in the Lunnan area, the gas from the eastern Lungu gas condensate pool has a heavier carbon isotopic composition, higher dryness and a higher maturity level. The unique physical, chemical and isotopic compositions of the gas condensate are believed to be a direct result of gas flushing of an early formed eastern Lungu oil pool by a late formed dry gas from oil cracking. The eastern Lungu gas condensate pool is presently characterized by containing “dry gas, heavy oil, abundant aromatics and high wax”.     

季节冻土区盐渍土环境下混凝土抗冻耐久性机理

为了研究混凝土在冻融交替与盐类侵蚀双重因素作用下的抗冻耐久性能,根据季节冻土区大安境内盐渍土中主要易溶盐的类型与含量,配制了3种质量分数的复合盐侵蚀溶液,制备了普通混凝土、2种引气混凝土及2组粉煤灰混凝土试件,进行盐蚀[CD*2]快速冻融循环试验,对盐冻破坏后混凝土的质量损失、动弹性模量衰减及其微观结构进行分析。试验结果表明:在冻融循环作用下,复合盐加剧了混凝土的冻融剥蚀破坏;混凝土的冻害程度与侵蚀盐溶液的质量分数、冻融循环次数、混凝土的含气量、粉煤灰掺量等因素有关;造成混凝土发生盐冻破坏的原因有水结成冰的膨胀压力,或冰与水的渗透压力以及复合盐与水泥水化产物发生的化学侵蚀和盐类的结晶膨胀,其中,盐类结晶压对混凝土内部结构的破坏更严重。     

东昆仑西端布喀达坂峰地区二叠纪孢粉型化石的发现

在东昆仑西端布喀达坂峰地区二叠纪地层中首次发现陆相孢粉与海相疑源类化石一起保存的孢粉—疑源类化石组合。经对两个样品较为丰富的孢粉型化石研究后发现,上部组合以裸子植物花粉占优势,双囊无肋花粉最多,可与塔里木盆地的卡伦达尔组的孢粉组合做粗略的比较,但组合中出现了时代偏晚的Ephedripites及Taeniae-sporites,因此,研究区马尔争组中段复理石地层的时代当为中二叠世—晚二叠世。     

临沧锗矿床的稀土元素地球化学研究

通过对临沧锗矿床中基底花岗岩、矿化煤以及硅质岩的稀土元素地球化学研究认为盆地基底花岗提供了形成锗矿化的锗和形成硅质岩的硅；本区陆相热水成因硅质岩的Ce异常不明显，相对富集LREE；矿化煤相对富集HREE，这可能主要与矿化煤在含锗热液的相互作用过程中，煤对重烯土的优先富集有关。     

Trace Elements in Fluid Inclusions in the Carlin—Type Gold Deposits,Southwestern Guizhou Province

Fluid inclusions in quartz from the Lannigou and Yata Carlin-type gold deposits in southwestern Guizhou were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry for their trace elements(Co,Ni,Cu,Pb,Zn,Pt,etc.).The results show that quartz fluid inclusions entrapped at different ore-forming stages contain higher Co,Ni,Cu,Pb and Zn.It has been found for the first time that the ore-forming fluids responsible for the Carlin-type gold deposits are rich in Pt.From this it can be concluded that basic volcanic rocks seem to be one of the important sources of ore-forming materials for the Carlin-type gold deposits.