1300 micron continuum and C18O line mapping of giant molecular cloud cores. II. W3, NGC 2264, NGC 6334I, RHO Ophiuchi and S140

In this paper we present nearly simultaneous 1300 microns continuum and J = 2-1 C18O maps of the cores of five molecular clouds, W3, NGC 2264, NGC 6334I, rho Oph, and S140. The purpose of this experiment was to compare these two column density tracers. We find that dust continuum and C18O emission are equally effective tracers of column density in molecular cloud cores and give a good indication of cloud structure. When the maps are analyzed in terms of the quantity q = Q/[a rho RX(C18O)], we find that q does not vary by much more than an order of magnitude either within objects or from object to object, implying that nominal dust parameters of absorption efficiency, radius, and gas-to-dust ratio and CO abundance are on average correct in a variety of sources. We did detect source-to-source variations in q. This variation could be either in the dust-to-CO number density ratio or in grain parameters. These variations are not well correlated with total source luminosity, average or typical temperature, or total column density. The best example of this variation appears to be rho Oph where q is about a factor of 7 lower than is typically found. Our approach is analogous to the study of the A nu to CO ratio and is probably equivalent to extending this study to large A nu if the same grains are responsible for both optical opacity and far-infrared to millimeter-wave emission. There is no fundamental reason to expect A nu/NCO or q to be constant and, in fact, we have found that it is not constant in even a small source sample.     

Use of chemical tracers in assessing the diet and foraging regions of eastern North Pacific killer whales

Top predators in the marine environment integrate chemical signals acquired from their prey that reflect both the species consumed and the regions from which the prey were taken. These chemical tracers-stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen; persistent organic pollutant (POP) concentrations, patterns and ratios; and fatty acid profiles-were measured in blubber biopsy samples from North Pacific killer whales (Orcinus orca) (n=84) and were used to provide further insight into their diet, particularly for the offshore group, about which little dietary information is available. The offshore killer whales were shown to consume prey species that were distinctly different from those of sympatric resident and transient killer whales. In addition, it was confirmed that the offshores forage as far south as California. Thus, these results provide evidence that the offshores belong to a third killer whale ecotype. Resident killer whale populations showed a gradient in stable isotope profiles from west (central Aleutians) to east (Gulf of Alaska) that, in part, can be attributed to a shift from off-shelf to continental shelf-based prey. Finally, stable isotope ratio results, supported by field observations, showed that the diet in spring and summer of eastern Aleutian Island transient killer whales is apparently not composed exclusively of Steller sea lions.     

Monitoring well interception with fractures in clayey till

When using monitoring wells for investigation of contaminant sources in clayey till, there is a high risk that fractures may cause mobile contaminants to bypass the monitoring wells. This paper indicates that the probability of interception between monitoring wells and hydraulic conductive fractures is often significantly less than 50%. Based on a field experiment and application of a calibrated discrete fracture matrix diffusion numerical model (FRAC3Dvs), the paper also evaluates pesticide-monitoring results for different positions of monitoring well screen relative to fractures. For well screens situated 0.25 and 2 m from a conductive fracture, the first concentrations of the pesticide metabolite (2,6 dichlorobenzamide, "BAM") would be measured two years and 18 years, respectively, after the contaminant had been transported into an underlying aquifer. In this way, underlying aquifers may be subjected to contamination by downward moving contamination without being observed in monitoring wells in the till.     

黔中沉积磷灰石的硫碳同位素及其地质意义

本文研究了黔中磷块岩中磷灰石的结构硫同位素组成。磷灰石的δ３４Ｓ值为３４．２‰～４２．４‰，它高于同期海水的δ３４Ｓ（约３４．２‰），也高于共生的成岩黄铁矿的δ３４Ｓ（１５．４‰～１９．８‰），表明磷灰石形成于富有机质沉积物早期成岩作用硫酸盐还原带的最上部，其间同时伴有大量硫酸盐细菌的还原过程。磷灰石的碳同位素组成（δ１３Ｃ＝－３．６３‰～１．０‰），表明它含有微生物有机质分解演化而来的ＣＯ２－３，而磷灰石比胶结白云石更富集轻同位素则反映出沉积阶段生物作用的影响比成岩阶段更为明显     

2001年3月全球ML≥5．0地震动态

根据中国地震局地球物理研究所中国数字地震台网数据管理中心 ( CDSN DMC)从美国地震学合作研究会数据管理中心 ( IRIS DMC)得到的资料 ,2 0 0 1年 3月份全球范围内共发生 M≥ 5.0地震 87次 (见表 1 ) ,其中最大的一次震级为 6.8,发生在日本本州南部。在本月发生的 87次 M≥ 5.0的地震中有 61次发生在东半球 ,2 6次发生在西半球。从本月 M≥ 5.0地震频率统计中可以看出 3月份地震比较活跃。而且东半球地震频率明显高于西半球。根据中国数字地震台网记录统计 ,对于发生在我国境内的 M≥ 5.0的地震事件 ,CDSN大部分台站有地震波形记…     

1992年汛期服务二三事

回顾一年来重大天气过程的预报和服务,承上启下,继往开来,是非常必要的,现一吐为快。初夏干旱早知道头场暴雨服务好农家无闲月,春忙夏更忙。春播之后,三夏天气如何?这是领导和群众都十分关心的“热点”问题。我局早在去年4月15日制作下发的“汛期天气趋势预报”中就分析出“6月上—中旬有初夏少雨干旱时段发生”,紧接着又在5月19日下发的“三夏天气专题预报”里报出:5月底—6月初有2到3天短时     

鉴江定向钻进穿越铺管工程施工技术

以广东茂名鉴江定向钻进穿越铺管工程为例,叙述了定向钻进穿越铺管的施工方法、优缺点以及在本次穿越施工过程中遇到的挫折。所取得的经验和教训对今后定向钻施工技术的采用具有一定的指导意义。     

分米级广域精密定位系统方案探讨

阐述了分米级广域精密定位服务系统的基本架构及其关键技术。通过仿真分析得出,在该精密定位服务系统中,单频伪距差分用户定位精度可达1 m;单频载波相位差分用户定位精度可优于1 m;双频载波相位差分用户定位精度可优于0.5 m,达到了分米级定位。     

Heavy metal contamination from gold mining recorded in Porites lobata skeletons, Buyat-Ratototok district, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Shallow marine sediments and fringing coral reefs of the Buyat-Ratototok district of North Sulawesi, Indonesia, are affected by submarine disposal of tailings from industrial gold mining and by small-scale gold mining using mercury amalgamation. Between-site variation in heavy metal concentrations in shallow marine sediments was partially reflected by trace element concentrations in reef coral skeletons from adjacent reefs. Corals skeletons recorded silicon, manganese, iron, copper, chromium, cobalt, antimony, thallium, and lead in different concentrations according to proximity to sources, but arsenic concentrations in corals were not significantly different among sites. Temporal analysis found that peak concentrations of arsenic and chromium generally coincided with peak concentrations of silica and/or copper, suggesting that most trace elements in the coral skeleton were incorporated into detrital siliciclastic sediments, rather than impurities within skeletal aragonite.