Determination of focal depth by two waveformbased methods: A case study for the 2008Panzhihua earthquake

With the 2008 M_S6.1 Panzhihua earthquake as a case study, we demonstrate that the focal depth of the main shock can be well constrained with two approaches: (1) using the depth phase sPL and (2) using full waveform inversion of local and teleseismic data. We also show that focal depths can be well constrained using the depth phase sPL with single broadband seismic station. Our study indicates that the main shock is located at a depth of 11 km, much shallower than those from other studies, confirming that the earthquake occurs in upper crust. Aftershocks are located in the depth range of 11-16 km, which is consistent with a ruptured near vertical fault whose width is about 10 km, as expected for an M_S6.1 earthquake.     

广义水资源高效利用核算

广义水资源高效利用核算是从更广泛的视角进行区域/流域尺度的水资源核算,以水资源循环模拟揭示区间、行业、部门间的水利联系为基础,在核算水源上为广义水资源;在核算对象上为区域自然生态系统和人工系统;在核算指标上包括行业、部门和区域的广义水资源利用效率和效益。界定了不同用户蒸发蒸腾消耗水分的高效和低效部分,提出了包括人工系统和天然生态系统的不同用户、不同部门和区域整体的广义水资源利用核算指标体系。以宁夏平原区为例,进行了现状区域广义水资源利用效用核算研究。     

天然沸石的铵吸附容量研究

为了探讨天然沸石对NH4^＋的吸附规律,以江苏镇江的天然沸石为实验对象,测试其矿物组成与化学成分,通过静态摇床法实验研究其对铵离子的吸附特性及阳离子的交换特性,进行吸附等温线实验。结果表明,实验沸石对NH4^＋吸附等温线符合Langmuir公式。根据数学分析,确定沸石的铵吸附容量。     

中国大陆及邻近地区上地幔顶部Sn波速度层析成像

利用《中国地震年报》中43646条Sn射线的走时资料,采用层析成像方法反演了中国大陆地区上地幔顶部的Sn波速度结构. 主要结果是：①全国平均Sn速度为4.55km/s,速度变化量从-0.14km/s到+0.15km/s. ②整体上中国Sn速度分布是东低西高,塔里木盆地、准噶尔盆地、吐鲁番—哈密盆地以及柴达木盆地东端、四川盆地及其南部地区等是明显的高Sn速度区,鄂尔多斯地台和台湾海峡也是Sn速度较高地区,整个华北盆地、渤海湾东部、山西北部和郯庐断裂带,Sn速度都比较低. 另外,长江中下游地区、青藏高原北部和南北地震带地区,Sn速度也较低. ③ Sn速度变化分布和构造活动、地壳厚度以及大地热流变化有关,分别求得了速度与地壳厚度和大地热流的线性回归方程. ④ Sn速度变化和Pn速度变化的区域分布总体上是吻合的.     

松辽盆地南部中生代火山岩: 锆石U-Pb年代学及其对基底性质的制约

为了确定松辽盆地南部中生代火山岩的形成时代, 本文对位于盆地南部7个钻遇中生代火山岩的岩芯样品进行了锆石LA~ICP-MSU-Pb定年.松辽盆地南部中生代含火山岩地层主要包括火石岭组和营城组, 其中火石岭组火山岩由玄武安山岩-粗安岩-粗面英安岩组成, 营城组火山岩由玄武质粗面安山岩-粗面安山岩-流纹岩组成.锆石阴极发光(CL)图像和Th/U比值显示, 所测锆石均具有岩浆成因的特点, 锆石的LA-ICP-MSU-Pb定年结果表明, 松辽盆地南部中生代火山岩形成时代介于110b133Ma, 其中火石岭组火山岩形成于129-133Ma, 即早白垩世早期, 营城组火山岩形成于110~119/Via, 即早白垩世晚期.捕获锆石的定年结果显示, 本区基底中存在中晚侏罗世(155~169Ma)、印支期(218~236Ma)、海西期(254/Via、294Ma)、加里东期(413Ma)和前寒武纪(1823/Via和2542Ma)岩浆事件, 这与基底岩石中锆石U—Pb的定年结果相吻合.      

日本上地壳S波衰减成像

地球介质的衰减特性可以从地震波中的频谱信息中获取,并且能够提供地球内部结构非均匀性的重要信息.与大量的速度结构研究相比,对衰减结构的研究却较少,且大多仅对日本群岛局部地区做研究.本文运用M_L振幅层析成像技术反演获得了整个日本群岛上地壳的品质因子Q₀值（1 Hz时的Q值）.计算中共利用了日本Hi-net台网971个台站记录到的5559个地震事件,超过60000 条Sg波最大振幅-频率数据,并且满足震中距小于2°、震源深度小于10 km.计算结果表明,低Q₀值区域主要存在于日本群岛的中央火山带,与日本新生代以来的火山分布非常一致;同时,位于从神户到京都东北地区、以及四国岛东部等地的非火山区,断层密集,对应的Q₀值也很低;另外,西太平洋俯冲海沟与日本群岛东海岸之间的区域也是低Q₀值区,这说明高温、岩石强烈破碎、深厚的沉积物是造成地震波强烈衰减的主要原因.高Q₀值主要分布在中央火山带前缘与日本东海岸之间.     

Geometric structure and formation mechanism of Lintong-Chang’an fault zone

The results from investigation of large quantity of fault outcrops and artificial earthquakes suggest that the Lin-tong-Chang’an fault zone mainly consists of two faults. One is the Majie-Nianwan fault that separates a branch of Wangjiabian-Houjiawan fault on the right bank of the Bahe River; the other is the Hujiagou-Shoupazhang fault that separates a branch of Zhongdicun-Tangjiazhai fault in Tongrenyuan and Shaolingyuan. As tensional dip-slip normal faults, the faults distribute with approximately parallel equal intervals in local regions and the profiles drop in a step-like form to the northwest, presenting a Y-shape combination. The result from deep seismic reflection indicates that the fault is about 5~8 km in depth, which is not only a basement fault, but also a listric normal fault in the deep stratum. The Lintong-Chang’an fault is a typical outstretching rift system under the NS-trending ten-sion stress field. At the same time, affected by the sinistral strike slip of the Yuxia-Tieluzi fault, the fault extends like a broom from the northeast to the southwest.     

西南岩溶石山地区岩溶地下水系统划分及其主要特征值统计

岩溶地下水系统是西南岩溶石山地区最基本的水系统,而岩溶地下水系统划分则是正确评价、合理开发利用西南石山地区岩溶地下水资源的重要基础。本文首先按西南岩溶水出露条件划分出3620个岩溶地下水系统,其中地下河系统1179个、岩溶泉系统1152个、集中排泄带岩溶地下水系统562个、分散排泄岩溶地下水系统727个,然后按岩溶含水岩组的出露条件将岩溶地下水系统划分为裸露型（2324个）、裸露覆盖型（108个）、覆盖型（275个）、裸露-埋藏型（98个）、埋藏型（88个）五种类型。除分散排泄岩溶地下水系统外,汇水面积大于1000km^2的其它岩溶地下水系统有26个。在地下河系统中,汇水面积大于10km^2而小于500km^2的有1049个,占88．97％,汇水面积小于100km^2的有711个,占总数的60．3％;在岩溶泉系统中,汇水面积小于50km^2的有814个,占总数的70．66％;在集中排泄带岩溶地下水系统中,汇水面积大于100km^2而小于500km^2的有303个,占总数的53．91％。流量统计结果显示,流量大于1000L／s的岩溶地下水系统有286个,占总数的11．2％,流量大于50L／s至小于500L／s之间的有630个,点总数的63．73％。[      

Deep Tectonic Processes and Superaccumulation of Metals Related to Granitoids in the Nanling Metallogenic Province, China

The Nanling region is an important nonferrous and rare metal metallogenic province in South China, in which most of the deposits are related to granitoids in genesis. It covers southern Hunan, southern Jiangxi, Guangxi, Guangdong and Fujian provinces, with a total area of about 550,000 km2. This metallogenic province is well known in the world for its rich tungsten and tin resources. In the past 40-odd years, a vast amount of mineral exploration activities and studies of the geology of mineral deposits have been carried out and great achievements obtained in the province. This paper is focused on a discussion about the deep tectonic processes in the orogenic belt during the Mesozoic and their contribution to the superaccumulation of metals. Tectonically, this metallogenic province is composed of three units: (1) the marginal continental orogenic belt in the Southeastern Coast fold system in the Yanshanian; (2) the intercontinental orogenic belt in the collision suture belt between the Yangtze and Cathaysian plates mainly in the Caledonian; and (3) the intracontinental orogenic belt induced by subduction of the ocean crust and delimination of the mantle lithosphere in the Yanshanian. It is suggested that superaccumulation of metals in this metallogenic province was caused by the existence of mantle rooted tectonics at the depth based on comprehensive studies of geophysical information of seismic, geothermal and magnetotelluric surveys in Nanling and its adjacent areas. The Xihuashan wolframite quartz vein deposit, the Shizhuyuan W, Sn, Mo, Bi greisen-skarn deposit and the Dachang tin-polymetallic deposit are three typical examples of the deep tectonic processes. However, this kind of deep tectonic processes only act as the "engine" of the superaccumulation of metals, which means that they should have to correspond with the super-crust ore-controlling pattern of "lines-rows-clusters" (L-R-C). This recognization is expected to play an important role in assessment of mineral resources in this province.     

Deep Tectonic Processes and Superaccumulation of Metals Related to Granitoids in the Nanling MetaUogenic Province,China

The Nanling region is an important nonferrous and rare metal metallogenic province in South China, in which most of the deposits are related to granitoids in genesis. It covers southern Hunan, southern Jiangxi, Guangxi, Guangdong and Fujian provinces, with a total area of about 550,000 km2. This metallogenic province is well known in the world for its rich tungsten and tin resources. In the past 40-odd years, a vast amount of mineral exploration activities and studies of the geology of mineral deposits have been carried out and great achievements obtained in the province. This paper is focused on a discussion about the deep tectonic processes in the orogenic belt during the Mesozoic and their contribution to the superaccumulation of metals. Tectonically, this metallogenic province is composed of three units: (1) the marginal continental orogenic belt in the Southeastern Coast fold system in the Yanshanian; (2) the intercontinental orogenic belt in the collision suture belt between the Yangtze and Cathay