曲率半径对城市曲线桥梁地震反应的影响

以某城市立交工程匝道桥为工程背景,采用MIDAS软件建立了全桥的有限元分析模型.采用反应谱方法研究了不同的曲率半径及地震激励方向对曲线桥梁地震反应的影响.结果表明:曲率半径对曲线桥梁前3阶自振频率影响比较明显;不同曲率半径及地震激励方向对曲线桥梁各墩地震反应的影响较大;应用0.～ 180.旋转激励法输入反应谱可以获得各个桥墩的最不利地震反应,且与《公路桥梁抗震设计细则》中规定的输入方法所得结果基本一致.     

中南部非洲纳米比亚三级成矿区带划分

纳米比亚矿产资源丰富,是非洲第四大矿产国,现已发现矿产30多种,主要生产金刚石、铀、铜、金、银、铅、锌等,其外汇收入的一半以上来自矿产品。文章在查阅文献资料的基础上,详细研究了该国区域成矿地质背景、矿产资源分布特征,结合成矿理论和成矿规律研究的新成果,对纳米比亚成矿规律进行了研究,提出三级成矿区带划分方案,全区共划分8个Ⅲ级成矿区带,对进一步圈定重要找矿远景区提供了依据。     

Concentrations of metallic elements in long-range-transported aerosols measured simultaneously at three coastal sites in China and Japan

To determine the effects of long-range transport of aerosols from an upwind area in East Asia to a downwind area in Japan, we chemically analyzed aerosols collected simultaneously on Tuoji Island (Shandong Province, China), Fukue Island (Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan), and Cape Hedo (Okinawa Prefecture, Japan). We focused on changes in the metallic composition of PM_2.5 aerosols during long-range transport. The average mass concentrations of PM_2.5 at the three sites decreased in the order Tuoji Island > Fukue Island ≈ Cape Hedo (48.3 ± 4.5, 13.9 ± 1.5, and 13.2 ± 0.9 μg/m³, respectively). The fraction of coarse particles in total suspended particles estimated by (1–PM_2.5/TSP) was highest on Cape Hedo, indicating that the contribution of sea salts was increased by long-range transport of the aerosols over the ocean. Enrichment factor analysis revealed that at all three sites, Al, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Co, Sr, and Ba originated from soil; whereas Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Tl, and P appeared to be of anthropogenic origin. Na was the most abundant element on Cape Hedo, indicating the addition of sea salts during aerosol transport. The V concentration was highest at Fukue Island, which was ascribed to V emission from ships. Sixty-one percent of the V on Fukue Island and 62% of the V on Cape Hedo were determined to have originated from ships, implicating of data obtained on dates during which backward trajectory analysis indicated that the same air mass passed over Tuoji Island, Fukue Island, and Cape Hedo in that order.     

雷达-雨量计联合估测区域降水量方法研究Ⅰ——模式集成法的提出

天气雷达估测区域降水量是其应用研究的重要领域,不断研究改进雷达估测区域降水量精度和稳定度是雷达气象工作的重要目标。文章回顾了集合预报理论基础及其发展概况,总结分析集合预报方法、产品表现形式等。对前期雷达估测区域降水量的8种方法,从基本原理和特点等方面进行了系统分析。对该理论在雷达估测区域降水领域的适用性进行了分析,阐述了集合预报理论在该领域应用的概念模型,并提出了两种集成估测区域降水量的新方法,为下一步的应用研究提供了理论支撑。     

妊娠期脑积水畸形的宫内CT诊断

本文报告了４例在妊娠期间ＣＴ检查出来脑积水畸形病例，ＣＴ表现为幕上大片低密度区域，基底节和部分枕叶地结构完整，幕上脑室系统消失，脑组织形状结构不规则，大脑镰结构完整。     

山西数字形变台网观测资料分析

山西数字形变台网观测资料从数据完整率、观测精度、噪声水平、映震能力、资料的可用性、存在问题等方面进行综合分析,结果表明:台网布局基本合理,个别仪器设备运行质量与“中国地震前兆台网”的技术要求存在差距,台网总体具有较好的映震能力,但在仪器布设方面存在不足,需合理配备观测设备.     

汶川大地震汉源县城建筑物震害调查

汶川地震中,距离震中约200公里的汉源县出现了明显烈度异常现象,汉源县城建筑物震害表现尤为明显.为了解释这一现象,在汶川大地震第一阶段科学考察中,相关调查小组对汉源县城建筑物震害开展了相应的调查.调查结果表明,该处烈度异常现象确实存在,烈度异常与该处局部场地条件有一定的联系.     

全新世以来洞庭湖的演变

本文根据全新世沉积物的岩性、岩相特征和文化遗址的时空分布,结合孢粉资料与历史文献记载,揭示了全新世以来洞庭湖演变的六个阶段:(1)晚更新世末至全新世初为河湖切割平原;(2)中全新世早、中期(8000—5000a B.P.)是湖泊扩展时期;(3)中全新世晚期(5000—3000 a B.P.)四水复合三角洲发育,湖沼洼地零星分布;(4)商周至秦汉(3000—1700 a B.P.)四水分流间洼地湖泊和沼泽广布,汛期河湖水体相连;(5)魏晋至19世纪中叶,洞庭湖逐渐发展至鼎盛阶段;(6)19世纪中叶至今,三角洲迅速推进,湖泊逐渐萎缩。研究认为这种发育演化过程与区域性气候变化、人类活动直接相关。     

1980—2015年风蚀影响下中国北方土壤有机质与养分流失时空特征

中国北方干旱/半干旱区是全球主要的沙尘源区之一,风蚀造成的沙尘排放可导致大量的土壤有机质（SOM）与养分流失,并通过传输与沉降过程对其进行空间再分配,对空气质量、气候变化、植被生长及生物地球化学过程等具有重要影响。本文利用WRF/Chem（Weather Research Forecasting with Chemistry）v3.7.1大气化学传输模型,对1980—2015年间中国北方沙尘排放及其引起的SOM、全氮（TN）与全磷（TP）的时空变化过程进行了精细化模拟,探究了中国北方风蚀引起的SOM、TN与TP养分流失的时空变化特征。结果表明：① 1980—2015年来平均每年约有66.59 Tg的沙尘颗粒排放至大气;② 沙尘排放具有较大的时空差异,沙尘排放源区主要集中在新疆东部、内蒙古西部的巴丹吉林沙漠和腾格里沙漠等地区;③ 每年因沙尘排放引起的SOM、TN和TP流失量分别约为0.07 Tg、0.004 Tg和0.005 Tg;④ 1980—2015年间中国北方沙尘排放及其引起的SOM、TN与TP的流失量具有较强的年际波动,未呈现显著的趋势性变化特征。本研究对于认知风蚀在碳循环与养分循环过程中的作用,以及对深入了解中国北方的土地退化机理具有重要意义。     

Numerical Simulation Study on the Effect of Horizontal Well Reservoir Stimulation for Gas Hydrate Production

A new gas hydrate reservoir stimulation method of in-situ fracturing with transient heating is proposed, in line with analysis of the technological bottlenecks faced by marine gas hydrate production. This method injects the developed chemical reagents into a hydrate reservoir through hydraulic fracturing, releasing heat during the chemical reaction to increase the hydrate decomposition rate. The chemical reaction product furthermore has a honeycomb structure to support fractures and increase reservoir permeability. Based on the geological model of natural gas hydrate in the South China Sea, three development methods are simulated to evaluate hydrate production capacity, consisting of horizontal well, fractured horizontal well and in-situ fracturing with transient heating well. Compared with the horizontal well, the simulation results show that the cumulative gas production of the fractured horizontal well in one year is 7 times that of the horizontal well, while the cumulative gas production of in-situ fracturing with transient heating well is 12 times that of the horizontal well, which significantly improves daily efficiency and cumulative gas production. In addition, the variation patterns of hydrate saturation and temperature-pressure fields with production time for the three exploitation plans are presented, it being found that three sensitive parameters of fracture conductivity, fracture half-length and fracture number are positively correlated with hydrate production enhancement. Through the simulations, basic data and theoretical support for the optimization of gas hydrate reservoir stimulation scheme has been provided.