Efficiency of excavations with buttress walls in reducing the deflection of the diaphragm wall

Installation of buttress walls against diaphragm walls has been used as an alternative measure for the protection of adjacent buildings during excavation, but their mechanism in reducing movements has not yet been fully understood. This study performs three-dimensional finite element analyses of two excavation case histories, one in clay with T-shape buttress walls and another in dominant sand with rectangular buttress walls, to establish analysis model. Then, a series of parametric study were performed by varying soil types, types and length of buttress walls based on the above-mentioned excavations. Results show that the mechanism of buttress walls in reducing wall deflections mainly came from the frictional resistance between the side surface of buttress wall and adjacent soil rather than from the combined bending stiffness from diaphragm and buttress walls. The buttress wall with a length <2.0 m had a poor effect in reducing the wall deflection because the soil adjacent to the buttress wall had almost the same amount of movement as the buttress wall, causing the frictional resistance little mobilized. Since the frictional resistance of buttress walls in a deep excavation has fully been mobilized prior to the final excavation depth, the efficiency of buttress walls in reducing the wall deflection in a deep excavation was much less than that in a shallow excavation. Rectangular shape of buttress walls was of a better effect than T-shape in the shallow excavation because frictional resistance between buttress walls and adjacent soil played a major role in reducing the wall deflection rather than bearing resistance of the flange. When the excavation went deeper, the difference in reducing the wall deflection between the R-shape and T-shape became small.     

舱体式防渔拖海床基的研制和应用

介绍了一种新型舱体式防渔拖海床基,可布放在200m以浅海域进行长期、定点、连续、综合观测。该型海床基由坐底平台、浮体仪器舱和释放器等配件组成,可以搭载多种观测传感器进行多学科综合观测。同时,针对该型海床基设计了安全有效的布放回收方法。通过实际海上应用,结果表明舱体式防渔拖海床基具有长时间自动观测、隐蔽性好及有效防渔拖等优点,可实现对海洋环境的长期综合观测。     

Wave boundary layers in rough turbulent flow

A one-layer time-invariant eddy viscosity model is specified to develop a mathematical model for describing the essential features of the turbulent wave boundary layer over a rough bed. The functional form of the eddy viscosity is evaluated based on a modified one-equation turbulence model in which the eddy viscosity varies in time and space. The present eddy viscosity model simplifies much of the mathematical complexity in many existing models. Predictions from the present model have been compared favorably with a wide range of experimental data. It is found that the eddy viscosity model adopted in the present study is physically reasonable.     

福建省5级地震的气候前兆

本文通过相关统计事实,初步探讨了福建5级地震前期的气象异常,提出了“气压、气温和雨量”模式,发现一次中强震前的1～3a间,先出现大面积降压和最高气温的异常增温,后出现大面积的干旱。这一时序演变,似可作为一次完整的孕震过程的气象前兆而用于中长期地震预报。     

Genetical study on the parthenogenesis in Laminaria japonica

The parthenogenesis and natural doubling of chromosomes in wild type female gametophytes of Laminaria japonica were studied. The results indicate that not all the female gametophytes from the wild type hybrid parent can propagate through parthenogenesis. Most parthenosporophytes can mature, their spores germinate into gametophytes, the latter then developed into female sporophytes. To form these parthenosporophytes the natural doubling of chromosomes occurred mainly at the first and second cell divisions of the spores. It is thus considered that the parthenogenesis of L. japonica is inheritable and the relative genes link closely with the genes controlling the natural doubling of chromosomes and the female determination.     

土工格栅加筋珊瑚砂的强度及变形特性试验研究

珊瑚岛礁钙质砂作为海洋工程建设的主要原材料,具有碳酸钙含量高、多孔隙、颗粒易破碎等特征。为了进一步提高海洋工程建设中岩土构筑物的强度及稳定性,采用土工格栅加筋珊瑚砂是一种潜在的有效手段。通过一系列的室内三轴压缩试验,探究土工格栅加筋层数、初始含水率、围压等因素对加筋珊瑚砂强度及变形特性的影响。研究发现：格栅加筋能够明显地改善珊瑚砂的力学性能,随着格栅层数的增加,加筋珊瑚砂整体的强度逐渐上升,偏应力-应变关系总体呈现硬化趋势,侧向的鼓胀变形得到明显改善;似黏聚力随着格栅层数增加近似呈线性递增,内摩擦角轻微降低;随着初始含水率的增加,格栅加筋珊瑚砂的强度呈轻微衰减趋势,似黏聚力变化不大,但内摩擦角相比干砂最大下降了约4°;三轴应力状态下的格栅加筋珊瑚砂颗粒破碎受围压影响较大,低于400k Pa围压下的相对破碎率主要在3%以内。此外,基于格栅与珊瑚砂相互作用特征,考虑并计算得到格栅产生的侧向与轴向附加应力,研究结果进一步丰富了对格栅加筋珊瑚砂机制的认识。     

A fuzzy neural network bagging ensemble forecasting model for 72-h forecast of low-temperature chilling injury

Natural Hazards - On the basis of the daily temperature and precipitation data of Guangxi and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and forecast field data, the paper aims to determine the significant...     

荔枝越冬期间冠层气温与大气温度关系的初步分析

基于野外实测数据,按晴天、阴天、雨天、多云到晴等天气类型,分析2007/2008年、2008/2009年冬季荔枝果园大气温度、冠层气温与观测站大气温度的变化关系,结果表明:晴天荔枝冠层温度昼夜变化最为剧烈,多云到晴天气次之,阴天和雨天冠层大气温度变化相对平缓;果园和观测站大气温度昼夜变化同样与天气类型有关.按天气类型分别建立的观测站与荔枝冠层之间的夜间、白天和全天大气温度线性、曲线回归关系模型表明:阴天和雨天模型效果好于多云到晴、晴天天气,夜间模型好于全天和白天.这一结果对应用观测站大气温度开展荔枝寒害冻害监测有参考作用.     

动力延伸预报产品在广西月尺度降水滚动预测中的释用

对广西88个站全年各旬月尺度降水距平百分率作自然正交展开(EOF分解),选取累积方差贡献接近75%的前几个主成分为预报量.利用1982年至今的国家气候中心月动力延伸集合预报资料或回算实验资料,从月尺度平均500hPa位势高度、700hPaU、V向水平风速延伸预报场中选取初选预报因子,并运用EOF分解构建成综合预报因子,分别选取其中与各个预报分量相关程度高的主成分建立预报方程,滚动制作广西月尺度降水量预报.91个独立样本试验和实际应用证明,预报效果较好.     

近50年影响广西的热带气旋变化特征

分析了1951～2007年影响广西的热带气旋频数、强度以及初旋、终旋影响日期的变化,结果表明:影响广西的热带气旋年频数、最大强度、强度超过32.7m·s-1的热带气旋频数均呈减少(减弱)趋势,且年际、年代际变化明显,20世纪50年代至70年代为热带气旋影响偏多、偏强期,80年代以后为偏少、偏弱期.初旋影响日期呈偏晚趋势,终旋影响日期变化趋势不显著.