荧光催化动力分析法测定痕量钌

在碱性介质中,痕量Ru对邻羟基苯基荧光酮与H_2O_2的氧化还原反应有催化作用。据此,本文拟定了高灵敏测Ru的荧光催化动力学方法。实验操作简单,Ru的检出限为5×10~(-11)g/ml。     

一种新的非均匀断层模型及其振幅谱的特征

本文提出了一种弯曲断层面的非均匀断裂模型。我们把弯曲断层面简化为锯齿形状,当每个锯齿上的滑动是均匀的,同时具有均匀的位错传播速度时,可以得到问题的封闭形式的精确解。对于不同的齿数、齿倾角和场方位角,计算了体波辐射的振幅谱。研究发现,弯曲断层会使谱曲线出现异常的峰值,异常峰值的位置与齿数有关,随齿数的增加向高频方向移动。齿倾角的变化会引起振幅谱曲线上异常峰附近谱包络线的变化。不同方位的观测点处的振幅谱形状各不相同。仔细地将观测谱与理论谱对比,有可能使人们了解断层面的非平面性质。     

广东河源冲积扇Bms层土壤的特性参数及其与时间的关系

土壤是母岩、气候、生物、地形和时间等综合作用的产物,在其它因素相同的条件下,显示土壤特性的物理化学参数均随着风化时间的增长而有规律的变化。本文初步建立了河源断裂山前地带三级冲积扇中Bms层土壤的pH值、容重、有机质、次生粘土和三水铝石等与冲积扇形成年龄的关系,并依据次生粘土与三水铝石的增长速率对第Ⅲ级冲积扇的形成年龄进行了计算,初步确定了三级冲积扇形成的年代序列     

内蒙狼山地区的控矿构造研究

狼山地区中元古代沉积了一套具拉张型过渡壳性质的岩石建造,并混有含矿火山喷发物质。中元古代晚期褶皱回返过程中,经历了多次断裂作用和褶皱变形。在狼山南东缘,顺层滑动断裂和逆冲推覆构造导致了热液蚀变和混合岩化,促使成矿元素迁移到裂隙发育、有利交代作用的白云石大理岩中富集成矿。狼山北西侧,则由于强烈的褶皱叠加作用,促使矿层在褶皱转折端等有利部位加厚,形成厚大工业矿体。从而提出了东升庙型的断裂控矿模式和霍各乞型褶皱控矿模式。     

用极值顺序统计量对灾害性地震的统计推断

本文引进应用极值顺序统计量推断一个概率分布尾部性质的方法,并介绍了参数估计的方法。文中举例说明如何应用这一理论预测灾害性地震。这种方法比传统极值方法更适用于无季节性变化的数据。     

吉林省双阳地区油气地球化学勘探及物化探多参数研究

本文探索了综合物化探方法在吉林省双阳地区寻找油气藏的有效性实验。研究结果表明土壤吸附烃(甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、丁烷)、土壤碳酸盐蚀变(ΔC)等指示的异常,地震油气检测所指示的异常,放射性地球物理勘探能谱及~(218)Po异常,均可在已知油气藏上方获得特定的显示。由此可以建立起综合物化探油气异常模式,应用此异常模式予测了双阳地区的含油气远景区,并随后在此区中的刘3井中获得了高产油气流。本文还应用了模糊综合判别的方法,使多参数综台研究半定量化,得到了比较好的效果。     

台风自身动力学过程(CISK)对其移动的影响

台风的移动是一个既重要又复杂的气象问题,虽然已经有过许多分析研究,但仍有不少问题没有搞清楚。在台风路径预报中,目前用得较多的方法之一是所谓“引导气流法”,它把台风作为一个“质点”,其移动只受外部流场的引导。不考虑台风自身动力学过程的影响,可能是引导气流法出现台风路径预报误差的重要原因之一。因为实际台风是一种极为活跃的天气系统,不能视其为完全被动的“质点”。除了外界环境(引导气流)对台风的移动有影响外,台风本身的动力学过程和结构也必然对其移动有不可忽视的作用。 根据第二类条件不稳定理论,台风的形成和发展是积云对流和天气尺度低压扰动间正反馈的结果。     

莱州湾南岸XZK2钻孔晚更新世以来的沉积环境探讨

通过钻孔岩性特征、沉积构造及沉积物粒度、磁化率与测井曲线对莱州湾南岸XZK2钻孔上部晚更新世以来的松散沉积物进行了沉积相划分,结合14C同位素年龄测定,划分了深海氧同位素阶段,表明该地区沉积物磁化率与砂含量曲线具有明显的正相关关系,结合已有研究,证明该地区晚更新世以来古环境经历了三次冷暖交替,而莱州湾西南海岸所发现的相当于沧州海侵、献县海侵和黄骅海侵的三次海侵事件,钻孔上仅见全新世黄骅海侵,沧州海侵、献县海侵相应层位为滨海沉积。     

Effects of nitrogen deposition on tundra vegetation undergoing invasion by Deyeuxia angustifolia in Changbai Mountains

In recent years, herbaceous species such as Deyeuxia angustifolia(Kom.) Y. L. Chang has invaded alpine tundra regions of the western slope of the Changbai Mountains. Because atmospheric nitrogen deposition is predicted to increase under a warming climate and D. angustifolia is sensitive to nitrogen addition, field experiments were conducted from 2010 to 2013 to determine the effect of increased nitrogen deposition on the mechanisms of D. angustifolia invasion. The goal of this study is to evaluate the impact of increased nitrogen deposition on the changes in alpine tundra vegetation(consisting mostly of Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall. and Vaccinium uliginosum Linn.). The results showed that: 1) simulated nitrogen deposition affected overall characteristics and structure of R. chrysanthum and V. uliginosum communities and had a positive impact on the growth of tundra vegetation invaded by D. angustifolia; 2) R. chrysanthum was more resistant to invasion by D. angustifolia than V. uliginosum; 3) simulated nitrogen deposition could improve the growth and enhance the competitiveness of D. angustifolia, which was gradually replacing R. chrysanthum and V. uliginosum and might become the dominant species in the system in future, transforming alpine tundra into alpine meadow in the Changbai Mountains.     

Effects of logging intensity on structure and composition of a broadleaf-Korean pine mixed forest on Changbai Mountains,northeast China

In order to identify a harvesting model which is beneficial for broadleaf-Korean pine mixed forest(BKF) sustainability, we investigated four types of harvested stands which have been logged with intensities of 0(T0, control), 15%(T1, low intensity), 35%(T2, moderate intensity), and 100%(T3, clear-cutting), and examined the impacts of logging intensity on composition and structure of these stands. Results showed that there were no significant differences between T0 and T1 for all structural characteristics, except for density of seeding and large trees. The mean diameter at breast height(DBH, 1.3 m above the ground), stem density and basal area of large trees in T2 were significantly lower than in T0, while the density of seedlings and saplings were significantly higher in T2 than in T0. Structural characteristics in T3 were entirely different from T0. Dominant tree species in primary BKF comprised 93%, 85%, 45% and 10% of the total basal area in T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Three community similarity indices, the Jaccard′s similarity coefficient(CJ); the Morisita-Horn index(CMH); and the Bray-Curtis index(CN), were the highest for T0 and T1, followed by T0 and T2, and T0 and T3, in generally. These results suggest that effects of harvesting on forest composition and structure are related to logging intensities. Low intensity harvesting is conductive to preserving forest structure and composition, allowing it to recover in a short time period. The regime characterized by low logging intensity and short rotations appears to be a sustainable harvesting method for BKF on the Changbai Mountains.