黄河下游防洪堤坝加固试验

试验首先通过自流引水沉沙,将淤临淤背区各抬高2m．再通过堆沙,将现黄河堤加宽50m,临背淤区各淤宽300m,把黄堤加固成梯形台阶状,达到加固黄河堤防及综合利用之目的。     

影响烟台热带气旋的相似预报

热带气旋路径资料库的建立和中国气象局９２１０工程紧密结合一起,在ＭＩＣＡＰＳ上方便地实现热带气旋路径的显示,叠加,放大漫游等功能;在建立相似预报方法时引用谐波分析的方法来模拟热带气旋前期路径,使用较为先进的相似离度方法进行相似预报,在９７１１号热带风暴预报试验中取得了较好的效果。     

旅游目的地意象三维耦合结构——基于江南水乡古镇旅游者的实证分析

旅游目的地意象(Tourism Destination Image,TDI)研究中对旅游目的地意象内涵的争论仍未休止.造成当前研究中旅游目的地意象概念混乱的根本原因在于:旅游目的地意象这一抽象概念的操作化(Operationalization)方法不尽合理.现有研究普遍采纳的一维连续体理论虽有助于对旅游目的地意象概念的理解,但在旅游目的地意象概念的操作化使用方面仍显不足.本文进一步研究了旅游目的地意象的基本属性,提出了一种基于文脉属性、地脉属性及功能属性的旅游目的地意象结构,这一耦合结构更加清晰地界定旅游目的地意象的属性维度,从而为旅游目的地意象概念应用提供更合理的操作化方法.     

Development of a SWAT extension module to simulate riparian wetland hydrologic processes at a watershed scale

Using a mass balance algorithm, this study develops an extension module that can be embedded in the commonly used Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). This module makes it possible to assess effects of riparian wetlands on runoff and sediment yields at a watershed scale, which is very important for aquatic ecosystem management but rarely documented in the literature. In addition to delineating boundaries of a watershed and its subwatersheds, the module groups riparian wetlands within a subwatershed into an equivalent wetland for modelling purposes. Further, the module has functions to compute upland drainage area and other parameters (e.g. maximum volume) for the equivalent wetland based on digital elevation model, stream network, land use, soil and wetland distribution GIS datasets. SWAT is used to estimate and route runoff and sediment generated from upland drainage area. The lateral exchange processes between riparian wetlands and their hydraulically connected streams are simulated by the extension module. The developed module is empirically applied to the 53 km² Upper Canagagigue Creek watershed located in Southern Ontario of Canada. The simulation results indicate that the module can make SWAT more reasonably predict flow and sediment loads at the outlet of the watershed and better represent the hydrologic processes within it. The simulation is sensitive to errors of wetland parameters and channel geometry. The approach of embedding the module into SWAT enables simulation of hydrologic processes in riparian wetlands, evaluation of wetland effects on regulating stream flow and sediment loading and assessment of various wetland restoration scenarios. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Seasonal variation in carbon exchange and its ecological analysis over Leymus chinensis steppe in Inner Mongolia

Eddy covariance technique was used to measure carbon flux during two growing seasons in 2003 and 2004 over typical steppe in the Inner Mongolia Plateau, China. The results showed that there were two different CO₂ flux diurnal patterns at the grassland ecosystem. One had a dual peak in diurnal course of CO₂ fluxes with a depression of CO₂ flux after noon, and the other had a single peak. In 2003, the maximum diurnal uptake and emitting value of CO₂ were −7.4 and 5.4 g·m⁻²·d⁻¹ respectively and both occurred in July. While in 2004, the maximum diurnal uptake and release of CO₂ were −12.8 and 5.8 g·m⁻²·d⁻¹ and occurred both in August. The grassland fixed 294.66 and 467.46 g CO₂·m⁻² in 2003 and 2004, and released 333.14 and 437.17 g CO₂·m⁻² in 2003 and 2004, respectively from May to September. Water availability and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) are two important factors of controlling CO₂ flux. Consecutive precipitation can cause reduction in the ability of ecosystem carbon exchange. Under favorable soil water conditions, daytime CO₂ flux is dependent on PAR. CO₂ flux, under soil water stress conditions, is obviously less than those under favorable soil water conditions, and there is a light saturation phenomena at PAR=1200 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹. Soil respiration was temperature dependent when there was no soil water stress; otherwise, this response became accumulatively decoupled from soil temperature.

     

Seasonal variation in carbon exchange and its ecological analysis over <Emphasis Type="Italic">Leymus chinensis</Emphasis> steppe in Inner Mongolia

Eddy covariance technique was used to measure carbon flux during two growing seasons in 2003 and 2004 over typical steppe in the Inner Mongolia Plateau, China. The results showed that there were two different CO₂ flux diurnal patterns at the grassland ecosystem. One had a dual peak in diurnal course of CO₂ fluxes with a depression of CO₂ flux after noon, and the other had a single peak. In 2003, the maximum diurnal uptake and emitting value of CO₂ were ?7.4 and 5.4 g·m^?2·d^?1 respectively and both occurred in July. While in 2004, the maximum diurnal uptake and release of CO₂ were ?12.8 and 5.8 g·m^?2·d^?1 and occurred both in August. The grassland fixed 294.66 and 467.46 g CO₂·m^?2 in 2003 and 2004, and released 333.14 and 437.17 g CO₂·m^?2 in 2003 and 2004, respectively from May to September. Water availability and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) are two important factors of controlling CO₂ flux. Consecutive precipitation can cause reduction in the ability of ecosystem carbon exchange. Under favorable soil water conditions, daytime CO₂ flux is dependent on PAR. CO₂ flux, under soil water stress conditions, is obviously less than those under favorable soil water conditions, and there is a light saturation phenomena at PAR=1200 μmol·m^?2·s^?1. Soil respiration was temperature dependent when there was no soil water stress; otherwise, this response became accumulatively decoupled from soil temperature.     

Syn-collisional transform faulting of the Tan-Lu fault zone,East China

Origin of the continental-scale Tan-Lu fault zone (TLFZ), East China, remains controversial. About 550 km sinistral offset of the Dabie orogenic belt (DOB) and Sulu orogenic belt (SOB) is shown along the NE-NNE-striking TLFZ. Syn-collisional, sinistral ductile shear belts in the TLFZ have been identified. Thirteen phengite bulk separates from the mylonites were dated by the ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar method. They gave cooling ages of the 198–181 Ma for the shear belts along the eastern margin of the DOB and 221–210 Ma from the western margin of the SOB. Distribution of the foreland basin deposits suggests that sinistral offset of the DOB and SOB by the TLFZ took place prior to deposition of the Upper Triassic strata. The marginal structures around the DOB and SOB support syn-collisional faulting, and indicate anticlockwise rotation of the DOB during the displacement. The folding and thrust faulting related to crustal subduction, coeval with the Tan-Lu faulting, is older than the foreland basin deposition related to the orogenic exhumation. Several lines of evidence demonstrate that the TLFZ was developed as a syn-collisional transform fault during latest Middle to earliest Late Triassic time when the DOB and SOB experienced crustal subduction of the South China Block (SCB). Eastward increase of the crustal subduction rates is believed to be responsible for the sinistral transform faulting.     

基于GIS的桥梁施工管理信息系统的研究与应用

桥梁施工管理信息系统应用GIS技术,将施工过程中的测量、进度、质量和成本作为系统管理的重点,设计了9个子系统,涵盖了大量的空间信息,内容丰富、覆盖面广、适应性强。它在提高管理效率,把握施工进程,控制施工质量等方面,都显示出传统的手工管理模式无法比拟的优点,同时强大的图形表形能力,使它比传统数据库更具有现实的研究价值。     

小麦腥黑穗病气象条件分析及防治措施

本文主要通过对晋城市2005年、2006年及历年平均气象要素与农业气象观测资料对比,分析气象条件对小麦腥黑穗病农业病害的影响程度,从而提出治理对策。     

孟津县一次龙卷天气过程分析

利用灾后调查资料、常规观测资料及三门峡市多普勒雷达资料,分析2007年7月发生在洛阳市孟津县的严重风灾,结果表明:这是孟津县首次在非观测区确认的龙卷灾害;该龙卷为非超级单体龙卷,在反射率因子图上几乎没有任何明显特征,而在风暴径向速度图上呈现为较明显的小尺度涡旋特征;具有显著的低层辐合高层辐散的特征;低的抬升凝结高度和低层明显的垂直风切变及合适的对流有效位能、对流抑制能量是产生龙卷适宜的环境条件;在高低空深厚的槽前西南急流引导下,来自洛阳市西部的弱回波快速东北偏北移到孟津境内强烈快速发展,形成的强回波遇到近地面层的辐合线在弱冷空气的触发下诱发龙卷暴发.