全文获取类型
收费全文 | 983篇 |
免费 | 240篇 |
国内免费 | 207篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 52篇 |
大气科学 | 227篇 |
地球物理 | 272篇 |
地质学 | 559篇 |
海洋学 | 64篇 |
天文学 | 14篇 |
综合类 | 111篇 |
自然地理 | 131篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 20篇 |
2022年 | 70篇 |
2021年 | 72篇 |
2020年 | 58篇 |
2019年 | 46篇 |
2018年 | 71篇 |
2017年 | 69篇 |
2016年 | 73篇 |
2015年 | 56篇 |
2014年 | 75篇 |
2013年 | 57篇 |
2012年 | 54篇 |
2011年 | 62篇 |
2010年 | 57篇 |
2009年 | 48篇 |
2008年 | 58篇 |
2007年 | 47篇 |
2006年 | 49篇 |
2005年 | 48篇 |
2004年 | 30篇 |
2003年 | 30篇 |
2002年 | 14篇 |
2001年 | 16篇 |
2000年 | 22篇 |
1999年 | 24篇 |
1998年 | 31篇 |
1997年 | 25篇 |
1996年 | 25篇 |
1995年 | 18篇 |
1994年 | 17篇 |
1993年 | 15篇 |
1992年 | 21篇 |
1991年 | 9篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 10篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1958年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1430条查询结果,搜索用时 5 毫秒
171.
太阳系外行星探测方法及统计特征 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
太阳系外行星的探测和研究在过去十几年取得了重大进展,仅2007年就发现62颗太阳系外行星,随着行星物理学、天体生物学等学科的兴起,必将掀起对太阳系外行星研究的一次浪潮.简要回顾了太阳系外行星研究的发展历史,介绍了探测太阳系外行星的主要方法和手段,并对方法本身的特点展开分析论述,列出了各种方法应用的最新进展.对已发现的270多颗太阳系外行星进行了统计分析,得出了一些预见性的结论. 相似文献
172.
中国东部陆下岩石圈地幔中的再循环地壳流体组分 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
地幔捕虏体中的流体组分记录了地幔演化的信息,可用来认识地幔中再循环地壳组分的性质和来源。采用分步加热质谱法测定中国东部二辉橄榄岩捕虏体组成矿物中流体挥发份的碳、氢和氧同位素组成,结合化学组成(Zhang et al., 2004)综合分析表明,早期流体包裹体、矿物晶格缺陷和空隙中的流体挥发分主要在高温段(800-1200°C)释出,CO2和CO显示较轻的δ13C值,与世界其它地区地幔捕虏体明显不同;晚期流体包裹体中的流体挥发分主要在低温段(300-600°C)释出。根据中国东部地幔演化事件、地幔矿物性质认为陆下岩石圈地幔中三种类型的流体挥发份中均存在来源不同的再循环地壳组分:(1)地幔初始流体:主要为耐熔矿物橄榄石在800-1200°C释出的流体组分,华北克拉通地幔初始流体的化学组成(主要为CO)与华南克拉通(主要为CO2)明显不同,反映二者拼合前各自演化时期捕获的流体组分。地幔特征的δD、δ13CCH4和δ18OCO2反映初始流体组分可能为元古代克拉通大陆型岩石圈地幔成分,较轻的CO2 和 CO的δ13C值揭示初始流体中存在部分再循环地壳流体,可能在1.9Ga的大陆碰撞过程中混入。(2)地幔交代流体:指斜方辉石和单斜辉石800-1200°C释气峰的流体组分,以H2为主。华北克拉通交代流体主要组分H2含量(80.73 mm3.STP/g) 明显低于华南克拉通(138.91 mm3.STP/g),地幔特征的δDH2和δ13CCH4表明交代流体主体为地幔来源,较轻的δ13CCO2,CO和较重δ18OCO2揭示其中存在再循环陆壳流体,其可能的来源为华北与华南中生代拼合过程中的壳幔相互作用。(3)岩石圈减薄流体:指二辉橄榄岩捕虏体组成矿物在400-600°C释放出的流体,华北与华南克拉通在流体组成方面相似,壳源特征的CO2、CO和CH4的δ13C值,以及较轻的δ18OCO2和δDH2O值指示该流体可能为岩石圈地幔减薄过程中引起的再循环洋壳流体,可能与中国东部转换带中水平俯冲的太平洋岩石圈(或其前身)脱气有关。 相似文献
173.
长江河口地处海陆交汇地区,其海表盐度受到长江流域、东海和三角洲社会经济活动的复合影响。水体盐度直观反映了河口区域冲淡水分布,对于研究淡水羽状锋、长江物质输送与河口环境变化等具有重要意义。本文分别对枯季和洪季的长江口盐度实测数据,以及中分辨率成像光谱仪(moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer,MODIS)遥感反射率与反射率的比值进行拟合回归分析,建立长江口表层盐度反演经验模型,得到枯季的相关系数和均方根误差(root-mean-square error,RMSE)分别为-0.930 3、0.45‰,洪季的相关系数和RMSE分别为-0.818 5、0.88‰;并分析模型在时间尺度上的适用性。利用该盐度反演模型对长江口2007-2016年的表层盐度进行反演,结合大通站记录的长江径流量观测资料,分析长江口表层水体盐度的时空变化规律。结果表明:长江口表层盐度受径流量影响较大,空间上呈自西向东递增趋势,具有季节性分异;枯季近岸盐度较高,高盐度海水可以到达长江口南北支分叉122.5°E附近;洪季冲淡水影响范围广,高盐度海水聚集在123°E以东、31°N以南,长江口北部出现低盐区域;2007-2016年间枯季大通站流量呈上升趋势,平均盐度为29.27‰,总体呈降低趋势,洪季大通站流量呈降低趋势,平均盐度为27.10‰,呈上升趋势,盐度和径流量在年际变化中存在良好的负相关关系。 相似文献
174.
Numerous efforts have been made to understand stemflow dynamics under different types of vegetation at the inter-event scale, but few studies have explored the stemflow characteristics and corresponding influencing factors at the intra-event scale. An in-depth investigation of the inter- and intra-event dynamics of stemflow is important for understanding the ecohydrological processes in forest ecosystems. In this study, stemflow volume (FV), stemflow funnelling ratio (FR), and stemflow ratio (F%) from Quercus acutissima and Broussonetia papyrifera trees were measured at both inter- and intra-event scales in a subtropical deciduous forest, and the driving factors, including tree species and meteorological factors were further explored. Specifically, the FV, FR and F% of Q. acutissima (52.3 L, 47.2, 9.6%) were lower than those of B. papyrifera (85.1 L, 91.2, 12.4%). The effect of tree species on FV and F% was more obvious under low intensity rainfall types. At the inter-event scale, FV had a strong positive linear correlation with rainfall amount (GP) and event duration (DE) for both tree species, whereas FR and F% had a positive logarithmic correlation with GP and DE only under high-intensity, short-duration rainfall type. FR and F% were mainly affected by wind speed and the maximum 30-min rainfall intensity under low-intensity, long-duration rainfall type. At the intra-event scale, for both tree species, the mean lag time between the start of rainfall and stemflow was the shortest under high-intensity, short-duration rainfall type, while the mean duration and amount of stemflow after rain cessation were the greatest under high-amount, long-duration rainfall type. The relationship between stemflow intensity and rainfall intensity at the 5-min interval scale also depended greatly on rainfall type. These findings can help clarify stemflow dynamics and driving factors at both inter- and intra-event scales, and also provide abundant data and parameters for ecohydrological simulations in subtropical forests. 相似文献
175.
Vegetation cover plays an important role in linking the atmosphere, water, and land and is deemed as a key indicator in the terrestrial ecological system. Therefore, it is of great importance to monitor vegetation dynamics and understand the mechanisms of vegetation change, including that driven by climate change. This study examines (a) the evolution of vegetation dynamics over the Heihe River Basin in the typical arid zone in north‐western China using nonparametric Mann–Kendall test and Thiel Sen's slope; (b) the relationships between remotely sensed vegetation indices (normalized difference vegetation index [NDVI] and enhanced vegetation index [EVI]) and hydroclimatic variables based on correlation analysis; and (c) the prediction of vegetation anomalies using a multiple linear regression model. For the analysis, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer NDVI/EVI product and the gridded daily meteorological data at a spatial resolution of 0.125° over the period 2001–2010 are considered. The results indicate that vegetation cover improved over a large proportion during 2001–2010, with a significant trend towards warm and wet, characterized by an increase in average annual temperature and precipitation by 0.042 °C/year and 5.8 mm/year, respectively. We test the feasibility of NDVI and EVI in quantifying the responses of vegetation anomaly to climate change and develop a statistical model to predict vegetation dynamics in the basin. The NDVI‐based model is found to be more reliable than the EVI‐based model, partly due to the vegetation characteristics and geomorphologic properties of the study region. The proposed model performs well when there is no lag time between meteorological factors and vegetation indices for grassland and cropland, whereas 1‐month lead time prediction is found to be best for forest. The soil water content is introduced as an extra explanatory variable, which effectively improves the prediction accuracy for different land use types. In general, the predictive ability of the proposed model is stable and satisfactory, and the model can provide useful early warning information for regional water resources management under changing climate. 相似文献
176.
Huang Yuhuan Sun Chengjun Yang Guipeng Yue Xinan Jiang Fenghua Cao Wei Yin Xiaofei Guo Chaonan Niu Jiaohong Ding Haibing 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2020,38(3):650-664
Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - Two sediment cores were retrieved in the hadal zone of the Yap Trench, and their concentrations of six major elements Mg, Al, Ca, Ti, Mn and Fe and nine trace... 相似文献
177.
Single-frequency precise point positioning (SF-PPP) is a potential precise positioning technique due to the advantages of the high accuracy in positioning after convergence and the low cost in operation. However, there are still challenges limiting its applications at present, such as the long convergence time, the low reliability, and the poor satellite availability and continuity in kinematic applications. In recent years, the achievements in the dual-frequency PPP have confirmed that its performance can be significantly enhanced by employing the slant ionospheric delay and receiver differential code bias (DCB) constraint model, and the multi-constellation Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) data. Accordingly, we introduce the slant ionospheric delay and receiver DCB constraint model, and the multi-GNSS data in SF-PPP modular together. In order to further overcome the drawbacks of SF-PPP in terms of reliability, continuity, and accuracy in the signal easily blocking environments, the inertial measurements are also adopted in this paper. Finally, we form a new approach to tightly integrate the multi-GNSS single-frequency observations and inertial measurements together to ameliorate the performance of the ionospheric delay and receiver DCB-constrained SF-PPP. In such model, the inter-system bias between each two GNSS systems, the inter-frequency bias between each two GLONASS frequencies, the hardware errors of the inertial sensors, the slant ionospheric delays of each user-satellite pair, and the receiver DCB are estimated together with other parameters in a unique Kalman filter. To demonstrate its performance, the multi-GNSS and low-cost inertial data from a land-borne experiment are analyzed. The results indicate that visible positioning improvements in terms of accuracy, continuity, and reliability can be achieved in both open-sky and complex conditions while using the proposed model in this study compared to the conventional GPS SF-PPP. 相似文献
178.
Spatial and temporal variation of vegetation phenology and its response to climate changes in Qaidam Basin from 2000 to 2015 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Based on TIMESAT 3.2 platform, MODIS NDVI data (2000–2015) of Qaidam Basin are fitted, and three main phenological parameters are extracted with the method of dynamic threshold, including the start of growth season (SGS), the end of growth season (EGS) and the length of growth season (LGS). The spatial and temporal variation of vegetation phenology and its response to climate changes are analyzed respectively. The conclusions are as follows: (1) SGS is mainly delayed as a whole. Areas delayed are more than the advanced in EGS, and EGS is a little delayed as a whole. LGS is generally shortened. (2) With the altitude rising, SGS is delayed, EGS is advanced, and LGS is shortened and phenophase appears a big variation below 3000 m and above 5000 m. (3) From 2000 to 2015, the temperature appears a slight increase along with a big fluctuation, and the precipitation increases evidently. (4) Response of phenophase to precipitation is not obvious in the low elevation humid regions, where SGS arrives early and EGS delays; while, in the upper part of the mountain regions, SGS delays and EGS advances with temperature rising, SGS arrives early and EGS delays with precipitation increasing. 相似文献
179.
Traffic is an indispensable prerequisite for a tourism system. The “four vertical and four horizontal” HSR network represents an important milestone of the “traffic revolution” in China. It will affect the spatial pattern of tourism accessibility in Chinese cities, thus substantially increasing their power to attract tourists and their radiation force. This paper examines the evolution and spatial characteristics of the power to attract tourism of cities linked by China’s HSR network by measuring the influence of accessibility of 338 HSR-linked cities using GIS analysis. The results show the following. (1) The accessibility of Chinese cities is optimized by the HSR network, whose spatial pattern of accessibility exhibits an obvious traffic direction and causes a high-speed rail-corridor effect. (2) The spatial pattern of tourism field strength in Chinese cities exhibits the dual characteristics of multi-center annular divergence and dendritic diffusion. Dendritic diffusion is particularly more obvious along the HSR line. The change rate of urban tourism field strength forms a high-value corridor along the HSR line and exhibits a spatial pattern of decreasing area from the center to the outer limit along the HSR line. (3) The influence of the higher and highest tourism field strength areas along the HSR line is most significant, and the number of cities that distribute into these two types of tourism field strengths significantly increases: their area expands by more than 100%. HSR enhances the tourism field strength value of regional central cities, and the radiation range of tourism attraction extends along the HSR line. 相似文献
180.
Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) microalgae, as one of the harmful algal blooms, causes great damage to the offshore fishery, marine culture, and marine... 相似文献