鄂尔多斯盆地盐池-定边地区长7烃源岩有机地球化学特征及沉积环境研究

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地盐池-定边地区长7段烃源岩的分析,研究区长7段烃源岩有机碳平均含量为3.22%,生烃潜量均值为12.8 mg/g,氯仿沥青“A”均值为0.55%,可以划分为较好-好的烃源岩,具有良好的生烃潜力。利用有机岩石学分析、热解分析,并结合饱和烃生物标志物分析,发现研究区长7段烃源岩有机质类型以Ⅱ₁型和Ⅱ₂型为主,有机质以菌藻类生源为主,并伴有部分高等植物生源。烃源岩有机质成熟度R_o值介于0.42%~0.76%之间,并且热解T_max也主要集中在440~455 ℃之间,并且正构烷烃分布特征及甾、藿烷异构化参数说明烃源岩有机质处于低熟-成熟度阶段。根据饱和烃中甾藿烷参数、三环萜烷参数、伽马蜡烷指数、β-胡萝卜烷相对含量以及姥植比参数特征,研究区长7段烃源岩沉积环境为湖相淡水弱氧化-弱还原环境。     

The Late Early Cretaceous Mo Mineralization in the South China Mo Province: Constraints from U–Pb and Re–Os Geochronology of the Lufeng Porphyry Mo Deposit

Compared to other Mo provinces, few studies focused on the South China Mo Province(SCMP), especially for Early Cretaceous Mo mineralization. The Lufeng porphyry Mo deposit in the SCMP is characterized by disseminated and veinlet-type mineralization in granite porphyry, gneiss, and rhyolite. In this study, six molybdenite samples yield a Re–Os isochron age of 108.0±1.8 Ma, which is consistent with the zircon U–Pb age of the granite porphyry(108.4±0.8 Ma). The coincidence of magmatic and hydrothermal activities indicates that Mo mineralization was associated with the intrusion of granite porphyry during the late Early Cretaceous. A compilation of U–Pb and Re–Os chronological data suggests that an extensive and intensive Mo mineralization event occurred in the SCMP during the late Early Cretaceous. The marked difference in molybdenite Re contents between Cu-bearing(85–536 ppm) and Cu-barren(1.3–59 ppm) Mo deposits of the late Early Cretaceous indicates that the ore-forming materials were derived from strong crust–mantle interactions. Together with regional petrological and geochemical data, this study suggests that late Early Cretaceous Mo mineralization in the SCMP occurred in an extensional setting associated with the roll-back of the Paleo-Pacific slab.     

石英显微变形机制及流变学特征研究进展

石英是组成地壳的主要矿物之一,其物理性质与地壳的变形行为及流变学属性密切相关,因此石英的显微变形机制及流变学特征研究意义重大。随着石英显微变形机制及流变学属性实验学研究的深入,我们对石英在地壳变形过程中重要作用的认识也随之提升。本文从石英结构入手,对升温过程中石英主滑移系的转换进行了总结,并且升温过程中显微变形机制也发生了改变,对流变学内涵也不同,所以分述了石英的主要变形机制,及其流变学参数;由于应变局部化为地壳变形的研究热点,并且石英对应变局部化具有一定的指示意义,所以本文对石英在应变局部化过程中的表现进行了深入讨论。考虑到地壳变形的研究过程中,石英不常作为单矿物发生变形,所以本文对多相矿物的变形表现也进行了讨论。最后我们将简单介绍一些现今主流的石英显微变形机制的研究手段。     

新疆东天山小白石头钨(钼)矿辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄及成矿时代

小白石头钨(钼)矿床位于新疆东天山造山带中的中天山地块南缘,该矿床是一个由黑云母花岗岩和花岗闪长岩侵入中元古界卡瓦布拉格群形成的矽卡岩型钨(钼)矿床。辉钼矿作为其主要的矿石矿物之一,呈不同产出状态分布于花岗闪长岩、黑云母花岗岩、矽卡岩和石英脉中。目前,对于小白石头钨(钼)矿成矿时代尚有争议,特别是与花岗闪长岩有关的辉钼矿化形成时代缺乏精确的限定。本文选取与花岗闪长岩有关的不同产状辉钼矿进行Re-Os同位素定年,获得Re-Os加权平均模式年龄为245. 0±1. 7Ma,Re-Os等时线年龄为245. 5±4. 3Ma。准确的Re-Os同位素定年限定小白石头钨(钼)矿床的成矿年龄和花岗闪长岩的侵位年龄为245Ma左右,为矿床模型建立和找矿方向确定提供了关键依据,同时也为东天山区域成矿规律总结提供了重要的年代学证据,并指出新疆东天山—甘肃北山地区存在一条找矿潜力巨大的三叠纪钨钼成矿带。     

珠江三角洲崖门镇地区水稻田土壤-植物系统中硒元素分布特征及迁移规律研究

硒在自然环境中的分布及迁移规律一直是研究热点。多目标区域地球化学调查成果表明,珠三角地区土壤硒含量较为丰富,适宜富硒特色农产品种植,但土壤-植物系统中硒的迁移转化规律尚不清楚。本文以典型富硒区—江门市崖门镇为例,系统采集了岩石、风化土、稻田土壤、浅层地下水、灌溉水及水稻样品,应用原子荧光光谱法进行硒含量测试,探讨土壤-植物系统中硒元素分布特征及迁移规律。结果表明:崖门镇花岗岩、花岗岩风化土、稻田表层土壤、剖面土壤、浅层地下水、灌溉水、大米硒含量平均值分别为0.0208mg/kg、0.2325mg/kg、0.5060mg/kg、0.83mg/kg、0.0003mg/L、0.0004mg/L、0.058mg/kg,表层土壤硒含量与珠江三角洲土壤地球化学背景值(0.51mg/kg)相当,大米硒含量达到富硒稻谷标准。土壤-植物系统中硒元素迁移规律为:土壤剖面硒元素向下部迁移,沿径流方向硒向下游迁移。土壤硒较易向水稻根部迁移,较难从根部向水稻地上部分迁移。本研究获得的土壤-植物系统硒元素分布与迁移规律可为该地区富硒资源开发利用提供科学依据。     

X射线衍射-扫描电镜等技术研究秘鲁铜硫矿石选矿工艺矿物学特征

秘鲁铜硫矿石的主要回收对象是铜和硫矿物,由于铜矿物嵌布复杂、粒度过细以及与各种脉石矿物或金属矿物交生关系紧密,利用传统工艺矿物学研究方法如化学分析、光学显微镜检测等较难准确定量其工艺矿物学参数。本文采用化学分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、偏光显微镜及矿物参数自动分析系统(MLA)等技术手段,研究秘鲁铜硫矿石的化学成分、矿物组成和主要矿物的嵌布特征、粒度分布及单体解离特性等,并对影响选矿指标的主要矿物学因素进行分析。结果表明:矿石中主要元素为Cu(0.65%)和S(9.53%)。矿石中黄铁矿(16.57%)含量较高,形态较为规则,与其他矿物之间的交生关系相对简单,粒度普遍偏粗,其中粒径大于0.30mm的黄铁矿占95.06%。铜矿物主要以不规则粒状、皮壳状、网脉状、纤维状、尘粒状、斑点状分布于脉石中或与黄铁矿、闪锌矿、磁铁矿等金属矿物交生紧密,粒度极不均匀,使得铜矿物解离难度加大,且矿石中云母(12.51%)、绿泥石(3.74%)、滑石(3.34%)、高岭石、蒙脱石(3.59%)等黏土质矿物含量较高,在磨矿过程中易发生泥化从而恶化分选环境。根据该类型矿石的工艺矿物学特性,本文建议采用"粗磨-部分优先浮铜-铜硫混浮-混合精矿再磨再选分离"的工艺流程,可得到质量高的铜、硫精矿。     

吉林省柳河县半截沟铁矿床地质特征及找矿标志

吉林省柳河县半截沟铁矿床赋存于中太古界斜长角闪片麻岩、黑云斜长片麻岩中。矿体形态简单,呈似层状、扁豆状分布。该文总结了矿床地质特征,确定了该区铁矿床的找矿标志。     

Temporal-spatial Distribution of Suitable Areas for Major Food Crops in China Over 60 Years

Simulating the temporal-spatial distribution of areas suitable for crops is an important part of analyzing the effects of climate change on crop growth, reducing the vulnerability of crop growth, and assessing the adaptability of crop growth to climate change. This study selected climate factors that affect the growth of wheat, maize and rice, and it combined surface soil and ground elevation factors as environment variables, as well as data from agricultural observation stations as species variables. The MaxEnt ecological model was used to identify suitable areas for these three crops during the period of 1953-2012. The areas suitable for the three crops were analyzed to determine the temporal-spatial distribution of major food crops and to estimate the difference in crop growth adaptability under climate change. The results showed the following: \mathrm{①} The response to climate change of the areas suitable for food crops could be ranked from strongest to weakest as follows: wheat, rice, and maize. \mathrm{②} On the same space-time scale, for the growth of wheat and rice, the southern agricultural regions, mountainous areas and plateaus were relatively unsuitable for a wider variety of crops than the northern agricultural regions, plains and basins. \mathrm{③} The adaptability of wheat increased in the major agricultural regions slightly. The adaptability of maize increased in the northern agricultural regions and decreased in the southern agricultural regions, respectively. The adaptability of rice was stable in the southern agricultural regions, and it decreased in the Huang-Huai-Hai region and increased in the northeastern region. \mathrm{④} Over 60 years, the ability of the major food crops to adapt to climate change increased in the northeast region, Gansu-Xinjiang region, Southwest region and Loess Plateau region, but the adaptability of major food crops decreased in the Huang-Huai-Hai region and the Mid-and-Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River. \mathrm{⑤} The suitable areas of maize and rice were significantly correlated with planting areas and yields, respectively, which provided feasibility for simulating the distribution of suitable areas on maize and rice in different climate scenarios in the future. The suitable area of wheat is not significantly related to the planting area and yield. In the future, we will take more factors to model the suitable area of wheat accurately.     

河南省淅川县毛堂金矿区花岗斑岩锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

毛堂金矿是位于河南省"毛堂—蒲塘铜金矿带"上的一个小型金矿,矿体主要产于老田岩体的Ⅲ号岩体中,成矿作用与隐爆角砾岩和花岗斑岩关系密切。通过对与成矿有关的隐爆角砾岩和花岗斑岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测年,获得其成岩年龄分别为143.0 Ma±1.2 Ma和141.4Ma±1.5Ma,代表矿床的形成时代;对花岗斑岩进行Hf同位素测试,其εHf(t)值分布范围为-3.4～4.2,平均为1.6,显示其源区为镁铁质新生地壳。毛堂金矿形成于早白垩世,受花岗斑岩、隐爆角砾岩及其构造-裂隙控制,矿床类型属于隐爆角砾岩型金矿。     

多信息多技术深度速度建模技术在复杂构造中的应用研究

中国西部等复杂区的油气勘探潜力较大,但地质条件复杂,造成常规偏移成像的精度不够,给解释带来了诸多困难。根据其地质特点,围绕高精度成像的需求,开展高精度速度建模技术研究,形成了配套的技术策略,为其进一步改善复杂区的成像精度,落实勘探目标奠定了基础。在该配套技术中:基于真地表的速度建模技术可以通过真地表数据准备来解决现有大圆滑偏移基准面对成像波场的改变、初至层析近地表建模技术的应用弥补了反射建模技术在近地表应用的不足、多信息约束速度建模可提高速度模型的可靠性、各向异性假设的成像技术更加接近复杂构造地下介质的假设,这些技术的配套应用可以有效提高复杂区成像位置的精度和准确度。在实际资料中的应用充分说明该技术的有效性。