层滑构造煤岩体微观特征及其应力应变分析

层滑构造在煤层及其顶、底板间普遍发育,它对地质勘探、煤矿生产、矿井工程灾害防治以及煤层气的开发等方面都有着重要影响。本文以淮北煤田海孜煤矿为例,在研究宏观层滑构造带组合特征的基础上,探讨了层滑构造的微观特征和形成机理。构造煤是层滑引起的煤层流变最显著的特征之一。通过对构造煤与构造岩的微观特征测试,发现层滑运动除了产生脆性变形外,还产生较强烈的塑性变形。利用煤镜质组光率体各向异性和构造岩组构,结合层滑构造的实测数据进行了煤岩体应力、有限应变分析。结果表明:层滑构造以顺层剪切为主,煤层受力的主要方向为NW-SE向。     

Nitrous oxide emissions from different land use patterns in a typical karst region, Southwest China

Fluxes of nitrous oxide (N2O) from different land use patterns (matured forest, secondary forest, grassland and cropland) in a subtropical karst region of Guizhou Province, Southwest China, were measured for one year with a closed static chamber technique and by gas chromatography. The results showed that soil under different land uses was a source of atmospheric N2O. The cropland was a source with relatively high N2O as compared to forest and grassland, but no significant differences were observed. N2O emissions from soils varied with land use change and fertilizer application. There were two peaks of N2O flux occurred following the combination of two obvious precipitation and fertilizer events in the cultivated land. Converting from the matured forest to secondary forest tended to increase annual emissions of N2O (from 1.40 to 1.65 kg N ha -1 a -1 ), while changing land use from secondary forest to scattered grassland tended to decrease annual emissions of N2O slightly (from 1.65 to 1.45 kg N ha -1 a -1 ). Our range of cumulative annual N2O emission across different land uses (1.40-1.91 kg N ha -1 a -1 ) in a karst region is in general agreement with previously published data in a non-karst region. However, in the maize field, N2O emission factor (EF) was 0.34% for fertilizer application, which is about 71.2% lower than the IPCC default value. It is suggested that current IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) EF methodology could overestimate N2O emission from the karstic cropland. Anyway, the N2O emission from cropland in the karst region would contribute significantly to the global N2O budget, so reducing fertilization frequency during the crop growing season could lead to a decrease in N2O emission in the whole year.     

源外斜坡区有利于油气运聚的断砂配置分布区预测方法

为了研究含油气盆地源外斜坡区油气分布规律,在源外斜坡区断砂配置运聚机制及有利分布区研究的基础上,通过砂体连通分布区和砂体所在地层顶面砂体输导油气汇聚区,确定油气成藏期砂体输导油气分布区;通过断裂填充物泥质含量与断裂侧向封闭所需的最小填充物泥质含量的相对大小,确定油气成藏期河道砂体上倾方向断裂侧向封闭部位,二者叠合建立了一套源外斜坡区有利于油气运聚的断砂配置分布区预测方法,并将其应用于渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷有利于油气运聚的扣村断裂与沙一下亚段砂体配置分布区的预测中。结果表明：有利于油气运聚的扣村断裂与沙一下亚段砂体配置分布区主要分布在其东部,有利于西北歧南次凹沙三段源岩生成油气在扣村断裂附近沙一下亚段内聚集成藏,与目前扣村断裂附近沙一下亚段已发现油气主要分布在其东部相吻合,表明该方法用于预测源外斜坡区有利于油气运聚的断砂配置分布区是可行的。     

吉林省北部西土山火山岩的地质特征及其形成的地质时代

本文以实际资料，叙述了西土山火山岩的地质、岩石化学、微量元素、稀土元素等方面的特征。与中国晚三叠世火山岩对比较吻合。且以较丰富的古生物及同位素年龄资料论证了西土山火山岩的地质时代属晚三叠世。     

硅藻土的热谱特征

对广东省海康县等国内外２３个硅藻土样品进行了ＤＴＡ、ＴＧ分析。研究结果：海康县卜昌、美国和日本硅藻土呈现了典型的蛋白石ＤＴＡ曲线和Ｘ射线衍射谱，说明样品纯度较高；徐疗县峙头、九亩和云南等地的硅藻土除了蛋白石的ＤＴＡ和Ｘ射线衍射谱外，还含有较多数量的伊利石、蒙脱石和高岭石。取自九２和田洋硅藻土矿床钻孔样品的ＤＴＡ曲线含有较多数量的有机持。根据ＴＧ曲线对不同埋深硅藻土中有机质含量计算表明，有机质含量与     

松辽盆地白垩纪湖侵沉积层序与湖海沟通事件的地球化学记录

松辽白垩纪近海陆相盆地最大湖侵期的泉头组一嫩江组时期,可能发生了三次较大规模的海水入侵事件,时间分别为泉三、四段一青一段(阿尔布期),青二、三段顶部(土仑期)和嫩一、二段(晚桑托一早坎佩尼期)。海水注入使湖盆的水文地球化学和环境地球化学条件均发生改变,并在层序中留下沉积记录。海进期主要表现为:①重同位素组份增加,直至与同期海相层序的同位素组成相同;②介质的盐度指标(Sr/Ba)、碱度指标(Ca+Mg)/(Si+Al)、还原性指标(Zn+Ni)/Ga和硫通量指标(S归-化含量)均系统增加。相反,海退期则上述指标显著降低。根据沉积层序的同位素组成、同期海水的同位素组成和同位素分馏的质量平衡关系,可求出研究层段内同位素的海水来源与淡水来源的比例(混合度)为0-5。并由此恢复出海平面升降曲线。     

SZ30—2D型大土三轴仪微机自动化研制及在露天煤...

In this paper, a new type of large soil triaxial machine in detailed. The instrument which is composed of machine measurement and electrical measurement and automatic measurement with microcomputer, has the following functions: automatic monitor, control, analysis, printing and plotting. This paper also principally introduces the design method of software and hardware, working principle and its application example, that Fushung Branch of Coal Academia Sinica used this instrument to study stability of slope of an open pit, and bad gained satisfactory results.     

Physiological acclimation strategies of riparian plants to environment change in the delta of the Tarim River,China

The occurrence and development of riparian forests, which were mainly dominated by mesophytes species related closely with surface water. Since there was no water discharged to the lower reaches of Tarim River in the past three decade years, the riparian forests degrade severely. The groundwater table, the saline content of the groundwater, as well as the content of free proline, soluble sugars, plant endogenous hormones (abscisic acid (ABA), and cytokinins (CTK)) of the leaves and relative rates of sap flow of the Populus euphratica Oliv. (arbor species), Tamarix ramosissima Ldb. (bush species), and Apocynum venetum L. (herb species) were monitored and analyzed at the lower reaches of the Tarim River in the study area where five positions on a transect were fixed at 100 m intervals along a sampling direction from riverbank to the sand dunes before and after water release. The physiological responses and acclimation strategies of three species to variations in water and salinity stress were discussed. It was found that A. venetum population recovered to groundwater table ranging from −1.73 to −3.56 m, and when exposed to saline content of the groundwater ranging from 36.59 to 93.48 m mol/L; P. euphratica appeared to be more sensitive to the elevation of groundwater table than the A. venetum and T. ramosissima at groundwater table ranging from −5.08 to −5.80 m, and when exposed to saline content of the groundwater ranging from 42.17 to 49.55 m mol/L. T. ramosissima tended to be the best candidate species for reclamation in this hyper-arid area because it responded to groundwater table ranging from −1.73 to −7.05 m, and when exposed to saline content of the groundwater ranging from 36.59 to 93.48 m mol/L. These results explained the distribution patterns of desert vegetation in the lower reaches of the Tarim River. Understanding the relationships among ecological factors variables, physiological response and acclimation strategies of plant individuals could provide guidance to sustainable management, reclamation and development of this and similar regions.     

从多系统年代学(Multi-System Geochronology)透视云开地块古生代-中生代的构造演化

云开地块位于华南板块南缘,经历了麻粒岩-高角闪岩相的高级变质作用,是华南地区为数不多的高级变质地体。研究表明,云开地块在古生代到中生代经历了复杂的构造演化过程,分别记录了早古生代末期、早中生代、晚中生代早期和晚中生代晚期的构造影响。这些构造事件在多系统年代学图上具有很好的表现,系统地揭示了云开地块的地质演化历史。     

多排抗滑桩设计中的推力分担比模拟

山区铁路修建过程中,大型滑坡常采用多排抗滑桩的工程措施进行加固治理。目前常规的计算方法无法准确计算出作用在每排抗滑桩上的推力大小以及分担比。以ANSYS大型数值有限元软件为手段,以六沾线曹家山滑坡为研究对象。通过进行数值计算的方式得到作用在每排抗滑桩上的推力大小,并统计出相应每排桩所承担的滑坡下滑推力比,该方法为抗滑桩的最终结构计算提供更为科学、合理的依据,从而避免了原方法存在的种种局限性,为多排抗滑桩的设计提供了一种行之有效的解决办法。