浙江新昌早白垩世木化石新材料及内含真菌菌丝化石

浙江新昌下白垩统馆头组是我国南方地区为数不多的白垩纪木化石产出层位。本文报道了新昌地区馆头组木化石新材料及其内含真菌菌丝化石。木化石具明显生长轮,管胞径壁纹孔南洋杉式(多数单列、椭圆形、紧挤排列,偶见双列互生排列);交叉场纹孔南洋杉式;木射线单列式,多数2~11个细胞高。当前木化石新材料具有与现生南洋杉科植物相类似的木材解剖特征,显示其应归入贝壳杉型木属(Agathoxylon Hartig)。鉴于该类型木化石的分类现状仍有待厘清,将其定为Agathoxylonsp.。木化石内含真菌菌丝化石,管状,具横隔,平直或弯曲,常以不同角度分叉,菌丝壁光滑,具典型的锁状联合,属于担子菌类。当前木化石木材组织具有明显的木材腐朽特征,与现代真菌造成的木材白腐一致,推断此真菌化石为木材白腐菌。新昌地区贝壳杉型木属木化石新材料的发现进一步丰富了馆头组木化石的多样性,有助于增进对南方地区早白垩世植物群组成特征的认识。当前真菌菌丝化石是我国南方地区首次发现白垩纪担子菌化石,为探究白垩纪时期森林生态系统真菌与植物的相互作用提供了新的化石证据。     

2000-2014年西藏雅鲁藏布江流域积雪时空变化分析及对气候的响应研究

利用2000-2014年MODIS逐日无云积雪产品对雅鲁藏布江流域积雪特征的空间分布及变化、积雪随高程变化的规律进行了分析,并采用被动微波数据SMMR （1979-1987年）和SSM/I （1988-2008年）以及中国地面降水和气温0.5°×0.5°日值格点数据集,研究了雅鲁藏布江流域关键积雪参数对气候要素的响应等。结果表明：流域下游积雪日较大且变化剧烈;流域整体上呈显著减少的趋势;积雪日随高程的上升而增加;流域内降水呈不显著的增加趋势,而气温呈显著的增加趋势,最高气温对积雪变化影响最大;气温对积雪终日的影响明显高于积雪初日;在积雪消融期降水的增多促进了积雪的消融。     

南极南设得兰群岛海域地质新进展:“海洋六号”南极科考初步成果

2016—2017年跨年度执行的中国第33次南极科考“海洋六号”航次, 首次获取了南极半岛南设得兰群岛北部海域、布兰斯菲尔德海峡以及欺骗岛三个区域的17 850 km2范围内多波束全覆盖高精度水深数据, 地形分辨率高于目前公开的国际数据。多道地震结果显示调查区多处存在天然气水合物地球物理标志BSR。地热测量热流值表明南设得兰群岛以北热流值与全球海洋热流值数据吻合, 不存在明显异常, 群岛以南热流值数据偏高。沉积物样品为典型的冰海沉积物, 在南设得兰群岛与南设得兰海沟之间, 沉积物以粉砂-砂为主, 夹杂砾石, 随水深增加, 沉积物粒径变细; 而在布兰斯菲尔德海区表层沉积物分布具有不对称性, 海槽南部陆架-上陆坡以及海槽东北和相邻陆架, 沉积物以砾石、砂质为主; 海槽和下陆坡为粉砂质硅质软泥。沉积物顶空气样品现场测试结果表明, 表层沉积物50 cm左右深度内的甲烷含量没有明显的差异性, 但在岛坡深水区两个测站甲烷含量在270 cm 左右深度时都存在局部高异常, 且两者总甲烷含量的变化趋势有一定的相似性, 可能与水合物分解迁移有关。     

A MATLAB-based Kriged Kalman Filter software for interpolating missing data in GNSS coordinate time series

GNSS coordinate time series data for permanent reference stations often suffer from random, or even continuous, missing data. Missing data interpolation is necessary due to the fact that some data processing methods require evenly spaced data. Traditional missing data interpolation methods usually use single point time series, without considering spatial correlations between points. We present a MATLAB software for dynamic spatiotemporal interpolation of GNSS missing data based on the Kriged Kalman Filter model. With the graphical user interface, users can load source GNSS data, set parameters, view the interpolated series and save the final results. The SCIGN GPS data indicate that the software is an effective tool for GNSS coordinate time series missing data interpolation.     

基于图形数据库NEO4J的政务空间信息融合研究

随着信息化测绘时代的快速发展,整个社会产生了大量的信息资源.从数据规模角度来说,政府拥有国内最为庞大的数据储量,掌握着大量的、权威的、关键的数据资源,是大数据时代的"财富"拥有者.整合图形数据库NEO4J自带的融合检索服务引擎,分析、整理、融合、统计这些数据,建立索引,提取有用信息,提供友好的查询服务界面,是在大数据时代背景下值得思考的问题.     

Variations of methane stable isotopic values from an Alpine peatland on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Acta Geochimica - Isotopic signature is a powerful tool to discriminate methane (CH4) source types and constrain regional and global scale CH4 budgets. Peatlands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are...     

Correction: Hydraulic tomography analysis of municipal-well operation data with geology-based groundwater models

Hydrogeology Journal - A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-021-02351-x     

近40年来青藏高原典型高寒草原和湿地蒸散发变化的对比分析

青藏高原地表蒸散发是决定亚洲水塔水储量变化的关键要素.在快速升温背景下,长时间尺度的青藏高原地表蒸散发如何响应气候变化亟需深入探讨.以青藏高原两种典型高寒生态系统(草原和湿地)为研究对象,以野外观测和互补蒸散发模型为研究手段,利用常规气象资料驱动互补蒸散发模型,应用于青藏高原的典型资料稀缺地区,并就模拟结果进行验证评估,揭示了两种典型高寒生态系统近40年的蒸散发变化特征.结果 表明,校正参数后的非线性互补蒸散发模型可较为准确地模拟两种下垫面的蒸散发,亦即该模型在青藏高原资料稀缺区具有较好的应用潜力.1973-2013年,青藏高原典型高寒草原蒸散发呈不显著的增大趋势,而高寒湿地则以2.0 mm/a的速率显著增大.相关分析表明,高寒草原和湿地蒸散发的年际变化主要与水汽压(即空气湿度)有关.阶段性分析发现,1970s至1990s末期,两种生态系统蒸散发皆在波动中逐渐增大;而1997年以后,高寒草原和高寒湿地蒸散发的变化模式表现出明显差异:前者在波动中逐渐减小,后者则持续增大至2000s中期.造成这种差异的原因可归结为高寒湿地受冰川融水的影响,土壤含水量可维持在较高的水平,加之2000s高寒湿地的水汽压和日照时数增大,使得该时段内地表蒸散发仍呈增大之势,亦即上游的冰川融水对下游的湿地蒸散发有重要影响.结果 表明,空间距离较近的两种典型高寒生态系统,由于所受水源补给不同,局地蒸散发对气候变化的响应模式可能有较大差异.     

Integration of zircon and apatite U–Pb geochronology and geochemical mapping of the Wude basalts(Emeishan large igneous province):A tool for a better understanding of the tectonothermal and geodynamic evolution of the Emeishan LIP

Radiogenic isotopic dating and Lu–Hf isotopic composition using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS)of the Wude basalt in Yunnan province from the Emeishan large igneous province(ELIP)yielded timing of formation and post-eruption tectonothermal event.Holistic lithogeochemistry and elements mapping of basaltic rocks were further reevaluated to provide insights into crustal contamination and formation of the ELIP.A zircon U–Pb age of 251.3±2.0 Ma of the Wude basalt recorded the youngest volcanic eruption event and was consistent with the age span of 251-263 Ma for the emplacement of the ELIP.Such zircons hadε_Hf(t)values ranging from7.3 to+2.2,identical to those of magmatic zircons from the intrusive rocks of the ELIP,suggesting that crust-mantle interaction occurred during magmatic emplacement,or crust-mantle mixing existed in the deep source region prior to deep melting.The apatite U–Pb age at 53.6±3.4 Ma recorded an early Eocene magmatic superimposition of a regional tectonothermal event,corresponding to the Indian–Eurasian plate collision.Negative Nb,Ta,Ti and P anomalies of the Emeishan basalt may reflect crustal contamination.The uneven Nb/La and Th/Ta values distribution throughout the ELIP supported a mantle plume model origin.Therefore,the ELIP was formed as a result of a mantle plume which was later superimposed by a regional tectonothermal event attributed to the Indian–Eurasian plate collision during early Eocene.     

Accelerating consolidation of soft ground by aerosol injection technique: a field study

We present an aerosol injection technique (AIT) to accelerate the consolidation of soft soils for ground improvement. We employ high-pressure aerosol injections at different depths to enhance the drainage in soft soils for faster consolidation. The technique is briefly described. A well-instrumented field test is carried out to demonstrate its performance. Compared to the traditional methods, our approach gives rise to faster dissipation of excess pore pressure and larger ground settlement. This method is particularly attractive for the improvement in soft ground in medium depths.