数据仓库基础上的辅助决策应饪——指挥监测中心桌面系统简介

指挥监测中心桌面系统是建立在数据仓库基础上,以Business Objects XI作为项目开发运行平台,专门为领导决策服务的定制系统,实现预警、监督、查询等功能,重点是实现主要关注指标的实时监测。     

海原断裂带库仑应力积累

用中国地壳运动观测网络区域站在海原断裂带附近的所有观测数据及跨断裂GPS剖面观测数据作为约束, 用Smith3D体力模型反演了海原断裂带断层滑动速率和断层闭锁深度, 计算了库仑应力积累率和地震矩积累率.采用遗传算法拟合GPS水平运动速度场, 拟合的最后残差均方根为1.2mm/a.反演结果为: 第一段毛毛山断裂左旋走滑运动速率为3.6mm/a, 闭锁深度为22km; 第二段老虎山断裂左旋走滑速率为10.5mm/a, 闭锁深度为11.4km; 第三、四、五段(海原断裂带西段、中段和东段) 滑动速率依次为3.5mm/a、5.8mm/a、5.7mm/a, 闭锁深度依次为8.5km、3.6km、4.3km.海原断裂带库仑应力积累率为0.48~1.59MPa/100a, 毛毛山断裂地震矩积累率较大, 但库仑应力积累率较小; 老虎山断裂库仑应力积累率和地震矩积累率均比较大; 海原断裂带(狭义) 中西段库仑应力积累率最大.      

Application of EDA technology and μClinux operating system in the earthquake precursor instruments

Using Altera's Quartus Ⅱ,Nios Ⅱ IDE and Sopc Builder development tools,the proton precession magne-tometer principle host hardware platform is designed in a cyclone Ⅱ series FPGA chip(EP2C35).The proton precession magnetometer principle host core circuit's single-chip system-logic design is achieved by building and configuring the Nios Ⅱ soft-core processor,developing the IO interface and sensor control circuits,programming some hardware units' VHDL code,for example the equal precision cymometer and the DPL...     

Integrated geophysical evidence for a new style of continent-continent collision beneath the western Kunlun in the northwestern China

Along the western Kunlun-Tarim-Tianshan geoscience transect in the northwestern China,an integrated geophysical investigation was carried out. Owing to the abominable natural conditions there,the sounding profile could not cross the whole transect,consequentially,a variety of velocity structures in the transverse and vertical orientations beneath the whole transect were not obtained,such as the case within the western Kunlun orogenic belt. To supply a gap of deep seismic soundings within the western Kunlun ...     

Strategies for managing reservoir sedimentation

Sediment deposition in reservoirs has caused the loss of 66% of the reservoir capacity in China. The main sedimentation control strategies are： 1） storing the clear water and releasing the turbid water; 2） releasing turbidity currents; 3） Draw-down flushing and empty flushing; and 4） dredging, The paper summarizes these strategies with examples. Sediment transport in many Chinese rivers occurs mostly during the 2-4 month flood season, that is, 80-90% of the annual sediment load is transported with 50-60% of the annual runoff. By storing the clear water after the flood season and releasing the turbid water during the flood season, less sediment deposits in the reservoir while the reservoir is still able to store enough water for power generation in the low flow season. The Three Gorges and Sanmenxia reservoirs apply this strategy and control sedimentation effectively. Turbidity currents have become the main sedimentation control strategy for the Xiaolangdi Reservoir. Empty flushing involves reservoir draw-down to temporarily establish riverine flow along the impound reach, flushing the eroded sediment through the outlets. Case studies with the Hengshan Reservoir and Zhuwo Reservoir are presented. Jet dredgers have been used to agitate the reservoir deposit so that the deposit is released from the reservoir with currents. The sediment releasing efficiency is 30-100% for storing the clear and releasing the turbid; 6-40 % for turbidity current; and 2,400-5,500% for empty flushing. Empty flushing causes high ecological stress on the ecosystem to the downstream reaches. Storing the clear and releasing the turbid is the best strategy to control reservoir sedimentation while achieving hydro-power benefit and maintain ecological stability.     

松辽盆地异常压力系统及其形成原因探讨

松辽盆地泥岩声波时差反映盆地纵向上存在四套欠压实泥岩,即嫩江组一、二段泥岩,青山口组一段泥岩,泉头组一、二段泥岩和登楼库组一、二段泥岩.泥岩欠压实顶界面位于1000m左右,向盆地东部有逐渐抬高的趋势,局部地区位于800m附近.钻杆测试数据(DST)、重复地层测试数据(RFT)反映盆地储层压力系统以龙虎泡阶地和大庆长垣为界,分为西部斜坡带常压-低压系统(压力系数<1.06)、齐家古龙凹陷-大庆长垣高压系统(压力系数>1.06)和三肇凹陷及其以东的低压-异常低压系统(压力系数<0.96).分析这种特殊压力结构的原因及其对油气运移聚集的影响,认为晚期构造活动是形成松辽盆地特殊流体动力场空间分布特征的触发器,嫩江组沉积末期以来东部斜坡带和西部斜坡带的抬升剥蚀作用与水热效应结合是形成松辽盆地异常低压的主要原因,而泥岩生烃作用是形成齐家古龙凹陷异常高压系统的主要原因.     

卫星遥感海表温度资料和高度计资料的变分同化

利用国家气候中心正在发展的第二代全球海洋资料同化系统(BCC_GODAS2.0),针对多变量同化的协调性问题,发展了一种基于三维变分框架(3DVAR)下的高度计和海表温度(SST)相互约束的同化方法。该方法使海面高度和SST资料在同一个动力约束关系下进行同化。在一般方法中,海面高度和SST观测项是代价函数中2个独立的观测项,海面高度项引入动力高度计算公式,海表温度项用统计关系进行垂向投影。在代价函数的实际求解的计算过程中,虽然其总体积分效应受海面高度观测的约束,但整个水柱中各层温盐分析变量的调整是无序的。针对这个问题,文章提出一种新的同化方案。该方案将SST的观测项并入海面高度观测项中,海面高度的一部分,确切说是上层海洋部分,由SST决定,因此至少在SST的统计关系能影响到深度的上层海洋,在代价函数的求解过程中,温盐的调整是受较强的统计关系约束的,而这种统计关系的有效性已经在很多SST的同化试验中被其他学者广泛应用并证明。利用该方法,对1993—1997年的AVHRR卫星遥感海表温度资料进行变分同化试验,用TAO、OISST和SODA数据集进行检验证明,通过对卫星遥感资料的同化能够有效改进对海洋温度和盐度的估...     

东海黑潮表层盐度分布特征及其影响因素

利用美国国家海洋大气管理局2007年发布的全球海域温、盐数据库资料,美国地球物理数据中心2006年发布的海底地形数据库资料以及日本海洋科学与技术机构2003年发布的1997—2002年东海地区月平均降水量资料,研究东海黑潮表层盐度的月季分布特征,并分析其影响因素。结果表明,东海黑潮表层盐度存在明显的月季变化特征。总体而言,12月至次年3月表层盐度高,6—9月表层盐度低,4、5月和10、11月为过渡阶段;表层盐度高值分布在东海黑潮主段靠近东边界一侧;6—9月入口段的表层盐度高于出口段的表层盐度,其他月份入口段的表层盐度低于出口段的表层盐度。东海黑潮表层盐度主要受表层温度、降水、径流的影响。冬、春、秋季的表层盐度分布在黑潮主段靠近陆架一侧区域受表层温度影响大;降水对东海黑潮表层盐度产生局部小范围的影响,时间主要集中在1月和6—8月份,区域分布在低纬25°N以南和30°N附近。长江冲淡水夏季对东海黑潮表层盐度的影响大于其他季节对东海黑潮表层盐度的影响,7月长江径流量达到最大值时,对应的黑潮扇形区的盐度最低。     

苏丹迈努特盆地油气成藏机理和成藏模式

苏丹迈努特盆地是中国石油天然气集团公司在海外最大的勘探项目．快速高效发现大油田是跨国勘探的主要目的。本文在过去三年的石油地质综合研究和勘探的基础上,系统总结盆地的独特石油地质特征和油气聚集规律。迈努特盆地三期裂谷的叠置．早白垩世是最主要的一期,形成了主力烃源岩;晚白垩世弱裂谷期,沉积了一套以砂岩为主的地层;古近纪又发育一期裂谷．是主力成藏组合发育时期。特定的构造—地层特征和演化史,决定了盆地独特的油气成藏机理和成藏模式——跨时代油气聚集模式。这一模式的建立为最终发明储量达5亿吨的大油田提供了理论基础。     

Burial Records of Reactive Iron in Cretaceous Black Shales and Oceanic Red Beds from Southern Tibet

One of the new directions in the field of Cretaceous research is to elucidate the mechanism of the sedimentary transition from the Cretaceous black shales to oceanic red beds. A chemical sequential extraction method was applied to these two types of rocks from southern Tibet to investigate the burial records of reactive iron. Results indicate that carbonate-associated iron and pyrite are relatively enriched in the black shales, but depleted or absent in red beds. The main feature of the reactive iron in the red beds is relative enrichment of iron oxides （largely hematite）, which occurred during syn-depostion or early diagenesis. The ratio between iron oxides and the total iron indicates an oxygen-enriched environment for red bed deposition. A comparison between the reactive iron burial records and proxies of paleo-productivity suggests that paleo-productivity decreases when the ratio between iron oxides and the total iron increases in the red beds. This phenomenon could imply that the relationship between marine redox and productivity might be one of the reasons for the sedimentary transition from Cretaceous black shale to oceanic red bed deposition.