恒星辐射不透明度对赫罗图中蓝回绕的影响(英文)

使用不同的恒星辐射不透明度数值 ,对 5至 9个太阳质量恒星的演化模型进行计算 ,来研究辐射不透明度对赫罗图中蓝回绕的影响。结果表明在赫罗图中 ,使用OPAL不透明度值的恒星演化迹中存在着蓝回绕。而且 ,随着辐射不透明度的增加 ,蓝回绕会快速收缩直至消失     

定降深抽水引起的泰斯承压含水层水平运动

根据Darcy-Gersevanov广义渗流关系式，导出了单井定降深抽水引起的泰斯含水层水平位移和水平应变解析表达式。数值计算分析表明，定降深抽水引起的含水层水平运运方向沿径向向内，水平运动速度随抽水时间增长呈指数衰减，位移量则随抽水时间增加呈指数增长。定降深抽水引起的含水层径向应变在空间上具有近井挤压，远井拉张的分区特征，且近井挤压区随抽水时间增加不断向外扩展；切向应变主要表现为环向挤压，且其应变大小随半径增大迅速衰减，随时间增长呈指数增大。     

青藏高原地壳水平差异运动的GPS观测研究

青藏高原及其周边580多个GPS站点的观测资料为基础，通过消除青藏高原的整体刚性运动，将GPS水平速度场归化到“青藏高原整体固定”的参考框架下，使青藏高原内部不同区域的水平差异运动得以获得最大限度的突出。所得速度场图像显示：①以玛尼-玉树-鲜水河断裂为界的青藏高原东南部区域，最突出的内部水平形变表现为一条绕喜马拉雅东构造结的挤出式顺时针“流滑带”。而这一流滑带前缘速度场在青藏高原东南角呈现扇形发散特征，表明整个流滑带起因于高塑性上地壳物质在挤压和重力共同作用下的侧向逃逸；②介于玛尼-玉树-鲜水河断裂和海原断裂之间的青藏高原东北部区域，总体上表现出比较均匀的左旋剪切带特性，但这种左旋剪切在青藏高原东缘的龙门山一带已不再明显，且四川盆地及其以北区域，并未承受强烈挤压。因此，青藏高原东北部区域，相对于高原整体，并无明显的东向逃逸。③在整个青藏高原区域内，阿尔金断裂、海原断裂及玛尼-玉树-鲜水河断裂两侧的速度场显示了明显的差异，反映出这三条断裂带现今强烈的活动性。由于位于玛尼-玉树-鲜水河断裂和喀喇昆仑-嘉黎断裂之间的塑性流滑带的独立东向“逃逸”所产生的“拖拽”使流滑带以北区域表现为整体均匀的左旋剪切，而流滑带以南区域呈现了一定的右旋剪切。     

华北地区地壳水平运动演化特征研究

将华北地区划分为阴山-燕山、鄂尔多斯、山西、太行、冀鲁、胶辽6个块体，应用1995、1996、2001年GPS观测资料研究了这些块体的水平运动演化特征。结果显示出华北地区各块体的相对运动既有继承性也有差异性。华北各块体的总体水平运动趋势是向东漂移，但是个别块体，如鄂尔多斯块体，在1995～1996年期间出现了相对的西向运动。1995～1996年期间华北各块体的运动速率比1996～2001年期间的运动速率要大，特别是阴山-燕山块体。1995～1996年期间鄂尔多斯块体和相邻的山西块体表现为张性分离，阴山-燕山块体之间表现为左旋走滑，这一现象可能与1996～1999年期间发生在华北西北部的3个地震的孕震过程有关。进一步分析表明，加密的连续GPS观测可用于地震预报。     

地壳形变与地下水异常关系研究进展

地壳形变异常是地壳构造变动中直接的表现，也是物理含义最为明确的地震前兆之一。地下水异常能够提供多种形式的构造活动过程(包括地震)。这两类异常能够以不同的力式和特点反映出地震孕育过程中伴随的前兆信息，并成为地震预报的重要手段；而它们之间既相互联系又相互影响。因此，对两类异常关系的研究对于识别地震前兆特别是短临前兆至关重要。归类了地震孕育模型及其前兆异常机理，并对前兆异常机理进行归纳整理和简述，然后从机理和前兆方面综述了地壳形变与地下水异常关系的研究成果。     

MODIFIED MASS FLUX CUMULUS CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION SCHEME AND ITS SIMULATION EXPERIMENT—PART Ⅰ:MASS FLUX SCHEME AND ITS SIMULATION OF THE 1991 FLOOD EVENT

Based on the existing cumulus convective parameterization schemes,a mass flux scheme(MFS)for cumulus convective parameterization has been successfully developed by reference to thework of Chen et al.(1996).The MFS is a comprehensive scheme.In MFS,not only theimportance of the large-scale moisture convergence is taken into account,but also it includes thecumulus updrafts and downdrafts,cumulus-induced subsidence in the environmental air.entrainment,detrainment and evaporation.The interaction between the cumulus and theenvironment is described by using a one-dimensional bulk model.At the same time the schemeincludes the penetrative and shallow convections.The MFS has been successfully incorporated into the regional climate model RegCM2developed by NCAR.The new model has been applied to simulate summer monsoon characteristicsand their variations of heavy rainfall process in the Changjiang-Huaihe River Basins for threemonths from May to July 1991.The results show that the new model can successfully simulate thisrainfall prolonged process.By comparising the model outputs of RegCM2.using the Kuo schemeand the MFS.it is found that the MFS is better in simulating the surface temperature,rainfallposition and amount,and rainfall duration.     

Monthly Extended Predicting Experiments with Nonlinear Regional Prediction.PartⅡ:Improvement of Wave Component Prediction

Based on Chen et al. (2006), the scheme of the combination of the pentad-mean zonal height departure nonlinear prediction with the T42L9 model prediction was designed, in which the pentad zonal heights at all the 12-initial-value-input isobar levels from 50 hPa to 1000 hPa except 200, 300, 500, and 700 hPa were derived from nonlinear forecasts of the four levels by means of a good correlation between neighboring levels. Then the above pentad zonal heights at 12 isobar-levels were transformed to the spectrum coefficients of the temperature at each integration step of T42L9 model. At last, the nudging was made. On account of a variety of error accumulation, the pentad zonal components of the monthly height at isobar levels output by T42L9 model were replaced by the corresponding nonlinear results once more when integration was over. Multiple case experiments showed that such combination of two kinds of prediction made an improvement in the wave component as a result of wave-flow nonlinear interaction while reducing the systematical forecast errors. Namely the monthly-mean height anomaly correlation coefficients over the high- and mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, over the Southern Hemisphere and over the globe increased respectively from 0.249 to 0.347, from 0.286 to 0.387, and from 0.343 to 0.414 (relative changes of 31.5%, 41.0%, and 18.3%). The monthly-mean root-mean-square error (RMSE) of T42L9 model over the three areas was considerably decreased, the relative change over the globe reached 44.2%. The monthly-mean anomaly correlation coefficients of wave 4-9 over the areas were up to 0.392, 0.200, and 0.295, with the relative change of 53.8%, 94.1%, and 61.2%, and correspondingly their RMSEs were decreased respectively with the rate of 8.5%, 6.3%, and 8.1%. At the same time the monthly-mean pattern of parts of cases were presented better.     

应用GPS观测资料反演潜在震源参数

根据点源孕震力学模型 ,应用福建 台湾地区GPS位移速度资料反演 1999年台湾南投Mw7.6大震前的孕震参数。反演所得的震中与实际发生的地震震中相差 6 7km ,主压应力场方向为 319.9°,倾角 - 2 8.6° ,即仰角2 8.6° ,与用震源机制解得到的P轴方向和倾角分别相差 17°和 8.6° ,与菲律宾板块向亚洲板块挤压的方向是一致的。用土耳其地区GPS位移速率资料反演 1999年土耳其Mw7.6地震前的孕震参数 ,反演得到的震中与实际震中相差 70km ,主应力方位角和倾角分别为 16 2 .5°、11.5°,与震源机制解结果分别差 2 4 .5°和 1.5°。