APPLICATION OF A QUASI-2D HYDRO-MORPHOLOGICAL MODEL TO THE ARGENTINEAN PARAN RIVER

1 INTRODUCTION Mathematical models to analyze the one-dimensional morphological evolution of alluvial rivers, induced either by natural events or anthropic actions, have been commonly applied since the original work of de Vries (1957, 1965, 1969). In the last decades much effort was made in developing suitable 2D horizontal and 3D time-depending mathematical models to study riverbed changes. In fact, full 2D-H hydro-morphological models (Olesen, 1987; Spasojevic and Holly, 1988) as w…     

西藏北部双湖地区海相侏罗纪磁性地层研究

西藏北部双湖地区海相侏罗纪磁性地层采样剖面包括菊花山下侏罗统剖面和那底岗日中、上侏罗统剖面,采集样品共1231件。磁性地层采样工作是在实测地层(岩石地层和生物地层)剖面后进行的。采样使用国产手提式气压钻机,钻取的岩心直径为25 mm,长度为20～50 mm,用磁罗盘定向器定向取心。采样间距一般为0.5～5 m,但重要界面附近间距达到 5 cm。分析表明双湖地区海相侏罗系碳酸盐岩的天然剩磁普遍较高,一般达到6.7×10~(-3)～3.8×10~(-2)A/m。大多数样品在热退磁到500～600℃区间时,剩磁衰减了100％,表明岩石中所含磁性载体力磁铁矿。系统研究表明双湖地区晚三叠世与早侏罗世之间缺失一个NAUNESKI反向极性带,界面的时间缺失量约为2 Ma,野外表现为不整合接触关系。中、下侏罗统之间为假整合接触关系,沉积间断时间约为320 ka。     

郯庐断裂带南段双山韧—脆性剪切带物质迁移与CO2释放研究

根据动力变质作用的特点，在野外和室内正确鉴别区分郯庐断裂安徽肥东双山一带不同变质等级的动力变质带的矿物组合特点，应用体积亏损-元素得失方程，计算了在应力作用条件下，不同变质带内，不同等级的碳酸盐岩地层的各元素（组分）的得失状况，特别仔细地深入地模拟计算了不同岩性的动力变质岩的构造应力作用下的CO2的释放量和释放机制，从而为探讨和研究动力变质作用下，碳酸盐岩地区岩石生成CO2的过程提供理论和实践上的依据。     

鄂尔多斯盆地佳县-子洲地区上古生界储层特征

位于鄂尔多斯盆地的佳县-子洲地区是近期天然气勘探的重点区带之一，面积约9 000 km2 。区内上古生界石炭系至二叠系的太原组、山西组和下石盒子组是本区碎屑岩的主要勘探目的层系。对佳县-子洲地区碎屑岩储层特征综合研究表明，上古生界储层成因类型、岩石类型、储集空间类型多样，具有低孔低渗的特征。影响和控制储层发育的主要因素包括沉积作用、成岩作用和构造作用。沉积作用控制储集岩体的发育和分布，影响着储层的基本形态和所经历的成岩作用类型和强度，是控制储层发育的主导因素。成岩作用决定了储层内部储集空间特征和储集性能。沉积作用对储层的控制一方面表现在粒度和岩性的变化上，另一方面反映在沉积微相上。成岩作用对储层产生的不利因素主要为压实作用和胶结作用，有利因素主要为溶解作用和蚀变重结晶作用。模糊数学综合评判方法研究表明，太原组潮道砂体、山西组和下石盒子组三角洲河道砂体储集性能较好，区内镇川堡、大佛寺、佳县、子洲等区块是较好的勘探目标区。     

THE DECADAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND THE ANOMALOUS ENSO DEVELOPMENTS IN 1990S

By using the wavelet transform method,the ENSO(2—7 a)signal and the decadal variability(8—20 a)are filtered out from the long-term SST data sets in order to investigate characteristicsof the decadal variability and its impact on the ENSO.It is found that there are two different kindsof decadal SSTA modes-horseshoe and horse saddle patterns in the tropical Pacific.Thehorseshoe pattern represents that the decadal SSTA variability in the central Pacific is in phasewith that in the eastern Pacific.The horse saddle pattern is named that they are out of phase.Theformer constituted the decadal variability before 1990s and the latter mainly prevailed during1990s.As the response of atmosphere to the ocean,two decadal wind patterns appear inassociation with the SST decadal modes.One is characterized by anomalous development of thezonal wind,the other by anomalous development of the meridional wind.These two kinds ofmodes can also be regarded as different phases of the decadal oscillation.Further studies haveshown that the influences of the two kinds of modes on the ENSO are different.The horse saddlemode has a stronger impact on the ENSO than the horseshoe mode.A possible mechanism for the influence of the decadal variability on the ENSO signal ispresented.The central part of the thermocline along the equatorial Pacific moves up or downsimultaneously with its eastern part while the decadal variability bears the horseshoe pattern.Butthe two segments of the thermocline in the central and eastern Pacific act oppositely while thedecadal variability shows the horse saddle pattern.In this case it has an-influence on the individualENSO'events by the superposition of the decadal variability.     

高温高压下斜长岩纵波速度与电导率实验研究

在1.0 Pa、室温到880℃分别采用超声波透射法和阻抗谱法测量了斜长岩的纵波速度和电导率，并对实验产物进行了鉴定分析．结果表明，在680℃，由于斜长岩中的含水矿物绢云母和黝帘石发生脱水反应，岩石的纵波速度开始大幅度下降．在410℃～750℃、12～105 Hz的频率范围内，斜长岩只出现颗粒内部传导．由于脱水产生的自由水主要分布于矿物的三联点或颗粒拐角处，没有形成连通的高导性网络，因此，脱水作用不会导致斜长岩电导率显著增加，也不会改变其电传导机制．地球内部低速层和高导层的形成与演化可能具有非同步性，通过含水矿物脱水可以形成地球内部的低速层，但不一定同时形成高导层．      

伽师地震区地壳细结构及发震断层的初步研究

199年至1998年伽师地区共出现9次震级为6.1-6.8级的强震. 在一个非常短的时间间隔内和非常小的地区范围内接连出现这么多次震级非常接近的地震,确实非常罕见. 为研究伽师强震区的深部构造背景和孕震机制,本文对伽师地震区的余震观测资料进行了分析处理. 利用联合反演技术同时得到了地震震源位置和地震区地壳三维速度结构. 余震震中沿一北北东向条带分布,与强震分布的两个条带中的北东向条带位置基本重合. 三维反演得到的速度结构结果表明,在地下12 km以下存在一条北北东向和一条北北西向的低速条带. 上述两低速条带与强震分布的两个条带位置很接近. 初步推测,低速条带对应了地壳深部的两条断裂. 在我们观测期间,北北东向断裂有微震活动,北北西向断裂相对平静.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS BY NESTING HYDROLOGY MODEL DHSVM WITH REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL RegCM2/CHINA

Based on improvement of a distributed hydrology-soil-vegetation model (DHSVM for short)and its application to North China,a nested regional climatic-hydrologic model system is developedby connecting DHSVM with RegCM2/China.The simulated climate scenarios,including controland 2×CO_2 outputs,are downscaled to 8 stations in Luanhe River and Sanggan River Basins todrive the hydrology model.According to simulation results,under double CO_2 scenarios,annualmean temperature and evapotranspiration will increase 2.8C and 29 mm,respectively;precipitation also increase but with different value for each basin,6 mm for Luanhe River Basinwhile 46 mm for Sanggan River Basin;runoff change for the two basins is different too,27 mmdecrease for Luanhe River Basin while 26 mm increase for Sanggan River Basin.As a result,therunoff in future for Luanhe River Basin and Sanggan River Basin will be 74 mm and 71 mm,respectively,which is approximately a quarter of annual mean runoff(284 mm)of the wholecountry.Total streamflow for the two basins will decrease about 2.5×10~8m~3.All these indicatethat the warm and dry trend will continue in the two river basins under double CO_2 scenarios.Thenested model system,with both climatic and hydrologic prediction ability,could also be applied toother basins in China by parameter adjustment.     

EXTRA-SEASONAL PREDICTIONS OF SUMMER RAINFALL IN CHINA AND ENSO IN 2001 BY CLIMATE MODELS

China is a monsoon country.The most rainfalls in China concentrate on the summer seasons.More frequent floods or droughts occur in some parts of China.Therefore,the prediction ofsummer rainfall in China is a significant issue.As we know,the obvious impacts of the sea surfacetemperature anomalies(SSTA)on the summer rainfall over China have been noticed.Thepredictions of the SSTA have been involved in the research.The key project on short-term climate modeling prediction system has been finished in 2000.The system included an atmospheric general circulation model named AGCM95,a coupledatmospheric-oceanic general circulation model named AOGCM95,a regional climate model overChina named RegCM95,a high-resolution Indian-Pacific OGCM named IPOGCM95,and asimplified atmosphere-ocean dynamic model system named SAOMS95.They became theoperational prediction models of National Climate Center(NCC).Extra-seasonal predictions in 2001 have been conducted by several climate models,which werethe AGCM95,AOGCM95,RegCM95,IPOGCM95,AIPOGCM95,OSU/NCC,SAOMS95,IAPAPOGCM and CAMS/ZS.All of those models predicted the summer precipitation over China and/or the annual SSTA over the tropical Pacific Ocean in the Modeling Prediction Workshop held inMarch 2001.The assessments have shown that the most models predicted the distributions of main rain beltover Huanan and parts of Jiangnan and droughts over Huabei-Hetao and Huaihe River Valleyreasonably.The most models predicted successfully that a weaker cold phase of the SSTA over thecentral and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean would continue in 2001.The evaluations of extra-seasonal predictions have also indicated that the models had a certaincapability of predicting the SSTA over the tropical Pacific Ocean and the summer rainfall overChina.The assessment also showed that multi-model ensemble(super ensembles)predictionsprovided the better forecasts for both SSTA and summer rainfall in 2001,compared with the singlemodel.It is a preliminary assessment for the extra-seasonal predictions by the climate models.Thefurther investigations will be carried out.The model system should be developed and improved.     

明确目标 找准定位整体设计和部署国土资源信息化工作

针对当前国土资源信息化存在的突出问题和困难,在金土工程二期即将规划和设计之际,迫切需要按照信息化顶层设计的理论和方法,基于国土资源管理实际,形成国土资源信息化顶层设计。本文通过对建部10年以来国土资源信息化工作的全面总结,结合当前国内外信息化发展趋势,以及国土资源管理工作的客观需要,围绕国土资源信息化规划目标,整体设计国土资源信息化业务架构、数据架构、应用架构和技术架构,指导今后一个时期国土资源信息化建设。