对我国2000-2004年发表的“RS”论文的统计分析

本文对近年来国内主要科技期刊上有关“RS”论文进行统计与分析,叙述了近年来我国RS科学研究的现状和水平,揭示了这一学科的应用范围、研究者现状、分布的特点和规律,明确了RS在国民经济建设中的重要地位。对RS的发展阶段给予了评价。     

对构建流域"大水文"理念,推进黄河流域水文一体化管理的思考与探索

在人民治理黄河60周年之际，党和国家领导人分别就治黄工作做出了重要批示，这意味着在实现“维持黄河健康生命”终极目标的进程中，水文工作将要承担的责任更大，提供的基础支撑更全。而以往“平面水文”和“区域水文”等“小水文”的理念已无法满足黄河治理开发的需求。因此，在新的形势下，黄河水文提出了“大水文”的创新理念与发展战略，要在流域内率先实现黄河流域水文一体化管理，从而大幅提升黄河水文的服务能力和管理水平。     

辽西朝阳地区晚侏罗世逆冲断裂及同构造沉积盆地系统

位于晚侏罗世燕山冲断带前缘拗陷盆地群东段的辽西金岭寺羊山盆地和北票盆地，形成于同沉积期的板内挤压变形。两个盆地横断面均显示出北西翼岩层陡立或倒转而南东翼平缓、以及同期碎屑堆积北西翼厚而南西翼薄的特点，具有典型的不对称结构。分别位于两个盆地北西侧的雷家营子和风凰山逆冲断裂带控制了它们的形成和演化。砾石成分统计分析显示，晚侏罗世土城子时期碎屑物质主要来源于辽西的西北部，即“内蒙地轴”上，是响应逆冲推覆活动的产物。两条断裂带及其所控制的盆地，构成了背驮式盆地构造系统，清楚地反映出这一时期的逆冲推覆扩展总体上指向SE方向。辽西地区土城子期盆地的形成和沉积充填是区域地壳缩短或增厚的重要方式之一。     

Eclogite and carpholite-bearing metasedimentary rocks in the North Qilian suture zone, NW China: implications for Early Palaeozoic cold oceanic subduction and water transport into mantle

Low‐temperature eclogite and eclogite facies metapelite together with serpentinite and marble occur as blocks within foliated blueschist that was originated from greywacke matrix; they formed a high‐pressure low‐temperature (HPLT) subduction complex (mélange) in the North Qilian oceanic‐type suture zone, NW China. Phengite–eclogite (type I) and epidote–eclogite (type II) were recognized on the basis of mineral assemblage. Relic lawsonite and lawsonite pseudomorphs occur as inclusions in garnet from both types of eclogite. Garnet–omphacite–phengite geothermobarometry yields metamorphic conditions of 460–510 °C and 2.20–2.60 GPa for weakly deformed eclogite, and 475–500 °C and 1.75–1.95 GPa for strongly foliated eclogite. Eclogite facies metasediments include garnet–omphacite–phengite–glaucophane schist and various chloritoid‐bearing schists. Mg‐carpholite was identified in some high‐Mg chloritoid schists. P–T estimates yield 2.60–2.15 GPa and 495–540 °C for Grt–Omp–Phn–Gln schist, and 2.45–2.50 GPa and 525–530 °C for the Mg‐carpholite schist. Mineral assemblages and P–T estimates, together with isotopic ages, suggest that the oceanic lithosphere as well as pelagic to semi‐pelagic sediments have been subducted to the mantle depths (≥75 km) before 460 Ma. Blueschist facies retrogression occurred at c. 454–446 Ma and led to eclogite deformation and dehydration of lawsonite during exhumation. The peak P–Tconditions for eclogite and metapelite in the North Qilian suture zone demonstrate the existence of cold subduction‐zone gradients (6–7 °C km^?1), and this cold subduction brought a large amount of H₂O to the deep mantle in the Early Palaeozoic times.     

GIS空间目标的广义Hausdorff距离模型

分析了GIS中常用的空间距离度量及其存在的问题，这些距离度量没有顾及空间目标的整体形状、位置分布等特征。基于此，引入了Hausdorff距离的概念，给出了Hausdorff距离的计算方法，分析指出了Hausdorff距离容易受空间目标局部几何形状的影响。进而从统计学的角度分析了现有的距离度量并不能有效地表达空间目标间距离的整体分布，并提出了一种广义Hausdorff距离模型，这种距离模型能够度量空间目标间距离分布的中心趋势和离散度。实际算例证明了此模型在GIS环境下的实现方法。     

西天山卡拉达湾地区铀及多金属综合找矿方向研究

卡拉达湾地区位于新疆北天山西段,属于中亚造山区,是在前寒武纪基底陆壳裂解的基础上发展起来的陆间型造山带,是铀及多金属成矿的重要区域。本文在前人工作的基础上,依据地面磁测、地面伽玛总量测量结果,总结分析了卡拉达湾地区磁场、放射性场、构造、矿化蚀变特征与铀及多金属成矿的关系,并圈定了铀及多金属找矿有利地段各2处,为西天山卡拉达湾地区的铀及多金属矿找矿工作提供方向。     

震源孕育的追赶模式

本文提出了一种一维震源孕育模型。用数学物理方法分析了该模型在地震前的孕育过程和各种物理量的变化规律,提出了震源孕育的追赶模式。追赶模式对纵波速度、地壳运动的前兆异常可作出解释,说明该模式是研究地震前兆的一种可能的力学基础.     

Urban Metabolism Based on Emergy and Slack Based Model: A Case Study of Beijing,China

The key to studying urban sustainable development depends on quantifying stores, efficiencies of urban metabolisms and capturing urban metabolisms′ mechanisms. This paper builds up the metabolic emergy account and quantifies some important concepts of emergy stores. Emphasis is placed on the urban metabolic model based on the slack based model(SBM) method to measure urban metabolic efficiencies. Urban metabolic mechanisms are discussed by using the regression method. By integrating these models, this paper analyzes the urban metabolic development in Beijing from 2001 to 2010. We conclude that the metabolic emergy stores of Beijing increased significantly from 2001 to 2010, with the emergy imported accounting for most of the increase. The metabolic efficiencies in Beijing have improved since the 2008 Olympic Games. The population, economic growth, industrial structures, and environmental governance positively affect the overall urban metabolism, while the land expansion, urbanization and environmentally technical levels hinder the improving of urban metabolic efficiencies. The SBM metabolic method and the regression model based on the emergy analysis provide insights into the urban metabolic efficiencies and the mechanism. They can promote to integrate such concepts into their sustainability analyses and policy decisions.     

ARM和FPGA在水声浮标数据采集存储中的应用

介绍了ARM(advanced RISC machines,英国电子公司)和FPGA(可编程逻辑阵列)在水声浮标(文中简称新型浮标)数据采集存储中的应用。利用FPGA丰富的硬件资源实现新型浮标系统多通道同步采样,并在ARM模块中移植Windows FAT32文件系统,嵌入USB底层驱动,实现采集数据的高速存储。描述了系统设计与实现,并对该数据采集存储系统进行了通道隔离度、动态范围、系统自噪声和功耗等指标测试。实验结果表明,该系统通道隔离度90d B(参考1V);动态范围≥110d B(参考1V);系统自噪声≤40d B(参考1 n V);系统总功耗为4.2 W。     

贵州瓮安玉山煤矿煤质特征及其影响因素

玉山煤矿含煤地层为吴家坪组,可采煤层2层,具有中灰、中等挥发分、高硫分、低磷分、特低—低氯,低砷、高氟,中高发热量的煤质特征,煤类丰富,呈条带状分布。通过对区内沉积环境和煤的变质作用2个方面的分析,阐述了形成煤层高硫、中灰特征的影响因素,解释了煤类分带现象,并指出了主要煤质指标的变化规律。