麻粒岩的成因

从压力—温度—时间(P-T-t)路径可以推演下部大陆地壳和区域麻粒岩地体形成和演化的构造环境,其受岩石学和地球物理方面条件所制约。区域麻粒岩的P-T条件要求有平均大于35℃km~(-1)的瞬时地热梯度。这意味着热流至少要达到100mWm~(-2)。这样高的热流可能起因于岩浆加热。符合这种条件的构造环境包括会聚板块边缘、大陆裂谷、热点以及深部大岩基的边缘。然而,一定的P-T-t路径并不从属于目前所能认识出的特定构造环境。顺时针     

莱河矿中阳离子的分布

在100—688K之间测量了河北莱河矿的穆斯堡尔谱。高温穆斯堡尔谱表明,莱河矿只显示一个Fe~(2+)双峰。没有测出铁榄橄石的存在。如果将莱河矿冷却到室温以下,则在240K首先出现磁分裂的谱线。从莱河矿的Fe~(2+)和Fe~(3+)双峰的面积比和化学成分能估算Fe~(2+)和Fe~(3+)的占位以及空位在M_1和M_2上的分布:对M_1来说为0.65Fe~(2+)+0.35□;对M_2来说为0.90Fe~(3+)+0.1□。Fe~(2+)和Fe~(3+)的同质异能位移随温度的变化率分别为-9.8×10~(-4)mm/s·K和-5.7×10~(-4)mm/s·K,计算了四极分裂与温度的相关性     

Polyphase Tectonic Events and Cenozoic Basin-Range Coupling in the Tianshan Belt, Northwestern China

Studies show that the Tianshan orogenic belt was built in the late stage of the Paleozoic, as evidenced by the Permian red molasses and foreland basins, which are distributed in parallel with the Tianshan belt, indicating that an intense folding and uplifting event took place. During the Triassic, this orogenic belt was strongly eroded, and basins were further developed. Starting from the Jurassic, a within-plate regional extension occurred, forming a series of Jurassic-Paleogene extensional basins in the peneplaned Tianshan region. Since the Neogene, a collision event between the Indian and the Eurasian plates that took place on the southern side of the Tianshan belt has caused a strong intra-continental orogeny, which is characterized by thrusting and folding. Extremely thick coarse conglomerate and sandy conglomerate of the Xiyu Formation of Neogene System were accumulated unconformably on the Tianshan piedmont. Studies have revealed that the strong compression caused by the Indian-Eurasian collision     

Changes in Relative Plate Motion during the Isan Orogeny (1670-1500 Ma) and Implications for Pre-Rodinia Reconstructions

Foliation inflexion/intersection axes(FIAs)preserved within porphyroblasts that grew throughout Isan orogenesis reveal significant anticlockwise changes in the direction of bulk horizontal shortening between 1670 and 1500 Ma from NE-SW,N-S,E-W to NW-SE.This implies an anticlockwise shift in relative plate motion with time during the Isan orogeny.Dating monazite grains amongst the axial planar foliations defining three of the four FIAs enabled an age for the periods of relative plate motion that produced these structures to be determined.Averaging the ages from monazite grains defining each FIA set revealed 1649±12 Ma for NE-SW shortening,1645±7 Ma for N-S shortening,and 1591±10 Ma for that directed E-W.Inclusion trail asymmetries indicate shear senses of top to the SW for NW-SE FIAs and dominantly top to the N for E-W FIAs,reflecting thrusting towards the SW and N.No evidence for tectonism related to early NE-SW bulk horizontal shortening has previously been detected in the Mount Isa Inlier.Amalgamation of the Broken Hill and possibly the Gawler provinces with the Mount Isa province may have taken place during these periods of NE-SW and N-S-directed thrusting as the ages of tectonism are similar.Overlapping dates,tectonic,metamorphic,and metallogenic similarities between eastern Australia(Mount Isa and Broken Hill terranes)and the southwest part of Laurentia imply a most probable connection between both continental masses.Putting Australia in such position with respect to North America during the Late-Paleo-to-Mesoproterozoic time is consistent with the AUSWUS model of the Rodinia supercontinent.     

Post‐ore Modification and Preservation of the Indosinian Porphyry Copper Deposit in Geza Arc,Yunnan, SW China

正Objective The post-ore modification and preservation of porphyry copper deposits is controlled and influenced by various geological processes,and the regional uplift and denudation is the most important factors.This study used     

THE HEATING FIELD IN AN ASYMMETRIC HURRICANE -PART I:SCALE ANALYSIS

A closed system of equations describing an asymmetric disturbance in cylindrical geometry is expanded about a small parameter. The small parameter describes the ratio of the magnitude of divergence in the boundary layer to that above that layer. A low order system describes a gradient wind balance in the radial direction and is quasi-symmetric with respect to the pressure and temperature fields. This system can be solved as an inverse problem for a mature steady state hurricane. The procedure entails asking the questions what structure and heating distributions are required to maintain a given asymmetric distribution of the tangential velocity (i. e. the angular momentum) in steady state. The method of characteristics enables us to solve for the vertical motion. That in turn determines the radial motion from the mass continuity equation. Application of the hydrostatics to the cylindrical thermal wind equation determines the pressure and the thermal fields and finally the required heating fields are dedu     

对水滴表面蒸发的一种非平衡热力学方法

引言叶面上的水滴蒸发是农业气象上一个重要的自然现象,对于这个问题近年来有深入的研究.Leclerc等(1985)应用一种能量平衡方法模拟了人造大豆叶片上的水滴蒸发.Leclerc等(1986)推导出一个用于摆动叶片上半球形水滴蒸发的表达式,与根据传输理论所计算的自由空间中球形水滴的传输系数相比,用此式计算的传输系数具有明显的分     

Improving multimodel weather forecast of monsoon rain over China using FSU superensemble

In this paper we present the current capabilities for numerical weather prediction of precipitation over China using a suite of ten multimodels and our superensemble based forecasts. Our suite of models includes the operational suite selected by NCARs TIGGE archives for the THORPEX Program. These are: ECMWF, UKMO, JMA, NCEP, CMA, CMC, BOM, MF, KMA and the CPTEC models. The superensemble strategy includes a training and a forecasts phase, for these the periods chosen for this study include the months February through September for the years 2007 and 2008. This paper addresses precipitation forecasts for the medium range i.e. Days 1 to 3 and extending out to Day 10 of forecasts using this suite of global models. For training and forecasts validations we have made use of an advanced TRMM satellite based rainfall product. We make use of standard metrics for forecast validations that include the RMS errors, spatial correlations and the equitable threat scores. The results of skill forecasts of precipitation clearly demonstrate that it is possible to obtain higher skills for precipitation forecasts for Days 1 through 3 of forecasts from the use of the multimodel superensemble as compared to the best model of this suite. Between Days 4 to 10 it is possible to have very high skills from the multimodel superensemble for the RMS error of precipitation. Those skills are shown for a global belt and especially over China. Phenomenologically this product was also found very useful for precipitation forecasts for the Onset of the South China Sea monsoon, the life cycle of the mei-yu rains and post typhoon landfall heavy rains and flood events. The higher skills of the multimodel superensemble make it a very useful product for such real time events.     

小麦冠层红外温度观测结果的分析和潜热通量的计算

首先把显热通量作为地表能量平衡的一部分,通过每半小时平均净辐射、潜热通量和土壤热通量的观测值来计算显热通量。然后,采用迭代法解显热通量的空气动力方程,并且考虑到非流线体(热量和动量交换粗糙高度的不同)和稳定度(地表和空气温度的不同)对空气动力阻力的校正,得到空气动力地表温度。这时会发现,在稳定(不稳定)大气条件下的空气动力温度比红外测温观测值要低(高)。而且,在阻力-能量平衡方程中用红外温度估算潜热通量时,这个估算值与观测值,通过回归分析,显示出高度的线性相关(r=0.96)与适中的标准差(47Wm~(-2))     

地球增暖新论

大气中CO_2及其他“温室”气体不断增加,它们已开始增暖地球了吗? 科学家们急切地期待问题的答案,他们还尝试验证气候模式,以便预报在未来一个世纪里,由于温室气体的作用,气温将上升.一般认为,温室气体捕获从地球逃逸的热,并重新释放给地球,继而使地球增暖.就这一答案,科学家们一直未能确信的一个原因是,过去对地球温度的估计几乎只是基于覆盖地球三分之一的陆地资料.