OpenDA-NEMO framework for ocean data assimilation

Data assimilation methods provide a means to handle the modeling errors and uncertainties in sophisticated ocean models. In this study, we have created an OpenDA-NEMO framework unlocking the data assimilation tools available in OpenDA for use with NEMO models. This includes data assimilation methods, automatic parallelization, and a recently implemented automatic localization algorithm that removes spurious correlations in the model based on uncertainties in the computed Kalman gain matrix. We have set up a twin experiment where we assimilate sea surface height (SSH) satellite measurements. From the experiments, we can conclude that the OpenDA-NEMO framework performs as expected and that the automatic localization significantly improves the performance of the data assimilation algorithm by successfully removing spurious correlations. Based on these results, it looks promising to extend the framework with new kinds of observations and work on improving the computational speed of the automatic localization technique such that it becomes feasible to include large number of observations.     

固相萃取-衍生化-气相色谱-质谱联用测定不同水体中类固醇雌激素方法研究

针对地下水及地表水体样品中痕量类固醇雌激素(SEs)污染问题,本文建立了固相萃取-衍生化-气相色谱-质谱联用(SPE-GC-MS)同时测定不同水体中5种SEs:雌酮(E1)、17α-雌二醇(17α-E2)、17β-雌二醇(17β-E2)、17α-乙炔基雌二醇(EE2)、雌三醇(E3)的分析检测方法。通过优化固相萃取过程和衍生化条件以及复杂样品的二次净化过程,发现用Oasis HLB柱萃取,用乙酸乙酯洗脱,40℃条件衍生化20 min可以达到最佳效果,并且经甲醇活化过的Generik NAX柱对复杂样品的二次净化效果较好。本方法对E1、17α-E2、17β-E2和EE2、E3检测的线性范围分别为5~1000 ng/L和10~1000 ng/L;方法检出限和定量限分别为2~3 ng/L和6.5~10 ng/L;对水样的加标回收率范围为80%~120%;该方法测定SEs峰面积的日内相对标准偏差为6.8%~10%。应用此方法对鱼塘水、河水、地下水、污水处理厂二级出水进行了SEs污染水平检测,结果表明该检测技术可以有效应用于不同水质地表及地下水体类固醇雌激素化学风险识别与评估。     

Variation in the life-history traits of a Schilbid catfish,Clupisoma garua (Hamilton, 1822) in the coastal waters of southern Bangladesh

For the first time,the present study reports the life-history traits,comprising length-frequency distribution(LFD),sex ratio(SR),length-weight relationships(LWRs),condition factors(CFs),and relative growth(W_R),of Clupisoma garua in the coastal waters of Bangladesh.A total of 150 specimens ranging from 8.60 to 25.20 cm total length(TL)and 4.26 to 128.80 g body weight(BW)were collected using traditional fishing gear from August 2013 to July 2014.The overall sex ratio of males to females in the study did not dif fer significantly from the expected value of 1:1(χ~2=0.96,P0.05)but there were significant sex differences(P0.05)in the intercepts and slopes of graphs characterizing traits in C.garua.The calculated bvalues for the LWRs were 2.955,2.893 and 2.927 for males,females and combined sexes,respectively,and there was negative allometric growth in all cases(b3).The condition factors(K_A,K_F,K_R)and relative growth(W R)also did not differ significantly(P0.05)between the sexes.This study provides a useful tool for fi shery specialists to evaluate the relative condition of fish and to initiate early management strategies and regulations for the sustainable management of the remaining stocks of this species in the entire coastal region of southern Bangladesh.