A weighted difference barrier method in landscape genetics

Identifying barriers of species and characterize their effects on spatial distribution provide essential information to research in landscape genetics. We propose a weighted difference barrier (WDB) method as an alternative to maximum difference barriers (MDB), and to initiate and integrate more spatial modeling and methods into the problem solving process. Overall, WDB provides quick and straightforward improvements to the drawbacks of MDB. WDB integrates more sample location relationships into the barrier construction and reveals potential barriers that would otherwise go undetected. WDB incorporates both within group and between group genetic information, and delineates the barriers as a more complex pattern.

风机梁板式桩筏基础承载特性大型模型试验研究

梁板式桩筏基础与传统桩筏基础一样具有较高的承载力和变形控制能力,且较传统桩筏基础能够节约成本,具有重要经济效应,因而成为了新兴的基础形式被应用于风电基础中。然而目前该基础仍采用传统桩筏基础的设计方法进行计算,造成了巨大的浪费。为了弥补目前梁板式风机基础设计方法的缺陷,采用大型室内模型试验对梁板式风机基础的受力变形特性进行研究,分析了竖向荷载作用下梁板式风机基础内梁、桩、土体等的受力机制及特性。研究表明,在工作荷载范围内,梁板式桩筏基础体系处于弹性状态,且梁板式桩筏基础具有一定的柔性,中央与边缘存在一定的差异沉降。桩-桩相互作用及桩-土相互作用对具有一定柔性的梁板式桩筏基础受力变形特性具有重大的影响,应该修正现行设计时不考虑这几个因素的缺点。     

新疆阿舍勒、冲乎尔地区泥盆纪岩相古地理研究

新疆阿舍勒、冲乎尔地区泥盆纪地层以火山岩为主,伴有陆源碎屑岩和内源沉积岩。对其古地理面貌的恢复,只有采用特殊的研究思路才能实现。缘于此,本文采用成因相和环境相的研究思路,对该地区的岩相古地理面貌做了较为详细的研究和恢复,为如何在火山沉积盆地中进行古地理研究提供了思维方法和工作模式。     

冷季不同植物人工湿地处理生活污水的工程实例分析

本实验以亚热带地区福建省永春县农村生活污水作为处理对象,选取10种湿地植物,构建具有不同植物类型的表面流人工湿地的实例工程,比较不同植物配置人工湿地的处理能力,以及湿地植物的生物量和植物体内氮、磷累积能力.研究结果表明,水龙和美人蕉人工湿地具有较高的铵态氮去除能力,去除率可分别达到76.7%和87.7%;两者同时也对总氮表现出较好的去除效果,尤其是美人蕉人工湿地在冬季节对总氮的去除率可维持在80.3%以上;2014年初冬季节实验结果表明,水龙还具有一定的总磷去除能力,去除率可达到69.0%.水龙和美人蕉具有较大的生物量,其单位面积干重可分别达到0.46和0.30 kg/m~2,又能较好地积累氮、磷元素,其体内氮含量可分别达到6.43和4.60 g/m~2,磷含量可分别达到0.50和1.01 g/m~2.综上所述,种植水龙和美人蕉的人工湿地总体处理效果较好,同时又能更多地积累氮、磷元素,且具有更大的生物量,可选为相对适宜用于处理生活污水的适合亚热带地区应用的人工湿地植物.     

聊城地区地热资源赋存特征研究

山东省聊城市地热资源丰富。通过已有钻探资料及近年的勘查项目研究成果,对聊城市地热资源的地质背景、水文地质特征、地球物理化学特征等进行了综合研究分析,认为聊城地热田属于层控型低温地热田,热储层主要为新近纪明化镇组下部、馆陶组、古近纪东营组地层,该区的地温梯度主要受构造控制,断裂导热是形成本区的一个重要因素,地下热水矿化度较小,成因主要为大气降水。目前的城区开发井数少、开采量小,但从合理开发的角度分析,尚存在开采层位单一,开采深度相近,局部井段井位过密等问题,针对这些问题提出了提高开发利用水平、科学布局、禁止混层开采、积极推进地热回灌等合理的开发建议。     

上海地区沿海（江）岸非汛期不同重现期最大风速估算

非汛期不同重现期最大风速是沿海(江)岸堤防设计标准、工程安全性和投资成本估算的一个重要参数。文中基于上海崇明、宝山、南汇、奉贤和金山5个沿海(江)岸气象站历史风速观测资料和横沙岛测风塔10 m高度逐日最大风速资料,采用极值I型分布估算了上海地区沿海(江)岸非汛期(1—5月和10—12月)各风向不同重现期最大风速。结果表明,上海地区沿海(江)岸非汛期的最大风速以W风最大,SW风最小。沿海(江)岸非汛期50 a一遇最大风速为23.3—28.3 m/s,小于上海地区基准风速(30.0 m/s)。各地非汛期不同风向50 a一遇最大风速的最大差值为3.4—8.1 m/s,同一重现期各地沿海(江)岸10 m高度最大风速极值也相差较大。崇明区域非汛期沿海(江)岸最大风速最大,其次是南汇区域,宝山区域最小。上海地区最大风速一般都出现在沿海地带,其分布与上海实际地理、地表状况相符。     

Optimal nonlinear excitation of decadal variability of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation

Nonlinear development of salinity perturbations in the Atlantic thermohaline circulation （THC） is investigated with a three-dimensional ocean circulation model, using the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation method. The results show two types of optimal initial perturbations of sea surface salinity, one associated with freshwater and the other with salinity. Both types of perturbations excite decadal variability of the THC. Under the same amplitude of initial perturbation, the decadal variation induced by the freshwater perturbation is much stronger than that by the salinity perturbation, suggesting that the THC is more sensitive to freshwater than salinity perturbation. As the amplitude of initial perturbation increases, the decadal variations become stronger for both perturbations. For salinity perturbations, recovery time of the THC to return to steady state gradually saturates with increasing amplitude, whereas this recovery time increases remarkably for freshwater perturbations. A nonlinear （advective） feedback between density and velocity anomalies is proposed to explain these characteristics of decadal variability excitation. The results are consistent with previous ones from simple box models, and highlight the importance of nonlinear feedback in decadal THC variability.     

若尔盖-松潘前陆盆地的沉积与构造特点

若尔盖-松潘盆地中、上三叠统沉积剖面研究表明以陆相沉积为主,只在东北部青山峪有浅海相碳酸盐岩沉积.盆地北部出现河流、浅湖相沉积,中部以浅湖相沉积为主,局部出现深湖相沉积,南部主要为深湖相沉积.中、上三叠统地层的变形构造以冲褶席（duplex）构造为特点,表现出从北向南应变强度减弱.深部构造反映了盆地位于扬子板块大陆壳基底之上,叠覆在扬子板块北缘的前陆褶皱冲断带上.大地构造位置、沉积相与构造特点,共同说明若尔盖-松潘盆地是三叠纪碰撞造山作用时期扬子板块北部北缘的前陆盆地.     

Influence of sieving time on the efficiency and accuracy of grain‐size analysis of beach and dune sands

Grain size is a fundamental property of sediments and is commonly used to describe sedimentary facies and classify sedimentary environments. Among the various conventional techniques utilized to determine grain‐size frequency distributions, sieving is the most widely applied procedure. The accuracy of such analyses is, among other factors, strongly dependent on the sieving time. However, despite a substantial amount of research in this field, optimal sieving times for different types of sediments have, to date, not been established. In this article, the influence of sieving time on grain‐size analyses of medium‐grained microtidal and mesotidal beach and dune sands has been determined. To assess the precision of important textural parameters, such as median grain size, sorting, skewness and kurtosis, an error analysis was carried out for different sieving times (2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes). After calibrating the analytical and sampling methodologies, significant deviations were registered when sieving time was less than 10 minutes. However, such deviations were very small and grain‐size distributions remained almost identical for sieving times of 10 minutes and longer, relative errors being as low as 0% in some cases.     

条件非线性最优扰动方法在黑潮目标观测研究中的应用

对近年来利用条件非线性最优扰动（Conditional Nonlinear Optimal Perturbation,CNOP）方法开展的黑潮目标观测研究进行了总结,主要包括日本南部黑潮路径变异的目标观测研究、黑潮延伸体模态转变的目标观测研究和源区黑潮流量变化的目标观测研究。通过计算这些事件的CNOP型扰动,发现这些事件的CNOP型扰动具有局地特征,可以作为实施目标观测的敏感区。理想回报试验结果表明,如果在由CNOP方法识别的敏感区内实施目标观测,则会大幅度提高上述事件的预报技巧。