Application of food waste based diets in polyculture of low trophic level fish: Effects on fish growth,water quality and plankton density

Food waste was collected from local hotels and fish feed pellets were produced for a 6 months long field feeding trial. Three types of fish feed pellets (control diet: Jinfeng® 613 formulated feed, contains mainly fish meal, plant product and fish oil; Diet A: food waste based diet without meat and 53% cereal; Diet B: food waste based diet with 25% meat and 28% cereal) were used in polyculture fish ponds to investigate the growth of fish (grass carp, bighead and mud carp), changes in water quality and plankton density. No significant differences in the levels of nitrogen and phosphorous compounds of water body were observed between 3 fish ponds after the half-year feeding trial, while pond receiving Diet A had the highest density of plankton. The food waste combination of Diet B seems to be a better formulation in terms of the overall performance on fish growth.     

Effects of the modified Huanglian Jiedu decoction on the disease resistance in grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) to Lactococcus garvieae

Lactococcosis is prevalent on grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) in Hong Kong aquaculture resulting in serious economic loss. A compound formulation of Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) (modified Huanglian Jiedu decoction (HLJDD)) comprising Rhizoma coptidis, Radix scutellaria, Cortex phellodendri, Fructus gardeniae, Fructus forsythiae and Flos lonicerae japonicae (in a ratio of 3:2:2:3:3:5) were applied as feed supplements to deal with the disease. The Nitroblue tetrazolium activity in blood, bactericidal activity and total immunoglobulin in plasma were significantly enhanced after feeding 1% of this TCM for 28 days. The disease resistances to Lactococcus garvieae in 1% and 2% TCM feeding groups were significantly enhanced. In the in vitro study, the modified HLJDD also activated the plasma bactericidal activities (p < 0.01). Based on this study, 1% modified HLJDD feeding for 28 days may be an optimal dose to prevent L. garvieae infection and could be used in aquaculture industries.     

Verification of an ENSO-Based Long-Range Prediction of Anomalous Weather Conditions During the Vancouver 2010 Olympics and Paralympics

A brief review of the anomalous weather conditions during the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games and the efforts to predict these anomalies based on some preceding El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) signals are presented. It is shown that the Olympic Games were held under extraordinarily warm conditions in February 2010, with monthly mean temperature anomalies of +2.2 °C in Vancouver and +2.8 °C in Whistler, ranking respectively as the highest and the second highest in the past 30 years (1981–2010). The warm conditions continued, but became less anomalous, in March 2010 for the Paralympic Games. While the precipitation amounts in the area remained near normal through this winter, the lack of snow due to warm conditions created numerous media headlines and practical problems for the alpine competitions. A statistical model was developed on the premise that February and March temperatures in the Vancouver area could be predicted using an ENSO signal with considerable lead time. This model successfully predicted the warmer-than-normal, lower-snowfall conditions for the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics and Paralympics.     

川东南隔挡式构造区隧道空间展布影响下岩溶涌突水特征简析

隔挡式构造区隧道工程涌水特征研究多局限于某个具体隧道工程及对应的特定岩溶水系统,缺乏关于隧道空间展布影响下涌突水问题的系统研究。文章提出以隧道穿越区岩溶发育及岩溶水水平与垂直分带差异作为隧道空间布置类型划分的主要标准,将隧道空间展布区的岩溶水文地质特征分为七类,对不同类型中岩溶含水介质空间结构特征、岩溶发育差异以及岩溶水在此区域流动的特点进行分析,并对八种类型的隧道涌突水的特征进行比较。据此,结合研究区拟建渝万客专铜锣山隧道和明月山隧道案例,分析此两隧道展布区域的岩溶水文地质特征,分别属于补给-垂直入渗型类型及补给径流-水平径流型类型。进一步对此两隧道可能遭遇的岩溶涌突水进行定性评价和涌水量计算,认为铜锣山隧道主要出现雨季涌水现象,水量大小受降雨强度控制,而明月山隧道涌水量较大。      

用小波-超限率分析提取宁陕台汶川地震体应变异常

姑咱台观测的汶川地震应变异常变得越来越显著.同时,在龙门山断裂带的另一端,原来不好判别的宁陕台钻孔体应变观测异常也逐渐清晰起来.利用小波分解和改进的超限率分析方法,可以将细微的地震异常变化精细地提取出来.一般地,小波分解得到的某个带通信号,可以分为正常背景和异常"坏点"两部分.通过对这两部分界线划分的研究,找到了客观、惟一确定超限率分析的阈值的方法.分析结果表明:沿整个汶川地震发震构造带,应变异常影响范围比我们以前知道的大很多;特别是,这种异常变化明显受固体潮影响,这对进一步揭示其机制提供了新的重要线索.     

内孤立波作用下顶部张紧式立管动力特性

基于内孤立波mKdV理论,采用考虑内流的细长杆动力学方程,结合改进的Morison公式,研究两层流体中内孤立波与顶张立管的相互作用问题。针对东沙群岛南部海域附近某实测内孤立波特征参数,计算分析在该内孤立波作用下某顶张立管的内孤立波载荷与运动响应,以及立管横截面弯矩及其应力的变化特性。研究表明,内孤立波不仅会对顶张立管产生突发性的冲击载荷以及大幅度水平变形,而且还会使其横截面弯矩及其应力显著增大。因此在深海立管的设计与应用中,内孤立波的影响是不可忽视的。     

确定天然气水合物饱和度的测井解释新方法

为了丰富和发展天然气水合物的定性识别方法和定量解释技术,研究试验了由测井资料计算孔隙水的氯离子质量浓度并确定水合物饱和度的方法。根据南海某海域水合物储层的测井特征和孔隙水氯离子质量浓度化验结果,证实了氯离子质量浓度与水合物饱和度有密切关系。利用孔隙度测井和电阻率测井资料,计算了孔隙水的氯离子质量浓度,由此确定了天然气水合物的饱和度。为了提高测井解释的可靠性,用回归方法建立了储层的孔隙度解释公式,确定了相应的阿尔奇参数m和a,用滤波和插值的方法得到了目的层的氯离子质量浓度的背景值。初步应用表明,由测井解释氯离子质量浓度计算的水合物饱和度与化验结果的平均值和分布范围都有较好的匹配。     

武汉黏土Duncan本构模型参数研究

通过常规三轴压缩排水试验,确定了武汉正常固结黏土的Duncan Et-?t模型、Et-Bt模型及常值?t模型参数;通过三轴试样的有限元变形分析,验证了模型参数的合理性与有效性,为武汉地区Duncan本构模型的应用提供了参考。针对Duncan Et-?t模型基于?1-?3曲线为双曲线关系假设,而实际试验曲线常常偏离理想的双曲线关系,造成?t参数拟合的困难,提出利用通过应力水平为70 %与95 %对应点的直线拟合?3 /?1与?3之间线性关系从而确定?t模型参数的改进方法,并将该模型参数用于三轴试样的体积变形预测,经与Duncan Et-Bt、Duncan Et和常值?t模型参数预测结果的对比,发现该方法与试验结果有更好的一致性,并具有简单方便的优点。     

三级配混凝土梁在动荷载作用下的数值模拟

从三级配混凝土的细观层次出发,将梁的纯弯段视为由水泥砂浆,粗骨料及两者间的粘结带所组成的复合材料.采用既考虑应变率强化效应又计及损伤弱化效应的动力本构模型反映细观单元的损伤退化.通过自编的以位移控制的有限元程序对三级配混凝土梁在冲击荷载和三角形循环荷载作用下的破坏机制进行了数值模拟,给出了相应的应力-应变曲线和动弯拉强度.研究结果表明数值模拟所得的结果与实验结果吻合较好.     

Nanoscale Pore Characteristics of the Upper Permian Mudrocks from a Transitional Environment in and around Eastern Sichuan Basin,China

Nanoscale pore characteristics of the Upper Permian Longtan transitional mudrocks and their equivalent strata Wujiaping Formation marine mudrocks in and around the eastern Sichuan Basin was investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and low-pressure N2 adsorption experiments. The results indicate that the Upper Permian mudrock is at a mature stage with total organic carbon (TOC) values ranging between 0.47% and 12.3%. The Longtan mudrocks mainly contain vitrinite, and their mineral composition is primarily clay. In contrast, the Wujiaping mudrocks are dominated by sapropelinite and solid bitumen, and their mineral compositions are mainly quartz and a notably high amount of pyrite. The FE-SEM reveals that clay mineral pores and microcracks are the common pore types in the Longtan mudrocks. The specific surface area and pore volume depend on the clay content but are negatively correlated with the TOC. The generation of nanometer pores in the Longtan mudrocks is caused by high clay mineral contents. Meanwhile, the Wujiaping mudrock mainly contains OM pores, and the pore parameters are positively correlated with the TOC. The OM pore development exhibits remarkable differences in the Longtan and Wujiaping mudrocks, which might be related to their sedimentary facies and maceral fractions. Vitrinite and inertinite appear as discrete particles in these mudrocks and cannot generate pores during thermal maturation. Sapropelinite often contains many secondary pores, and solid bitumen with large particles, usually with several pores, is not the major contributor to the pore system of the investigated mudrock.