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81.
岩溶水流系统特征研究有助于地下水资源的合理评价和开发利用。借鉴水文学的研究方法,统计并量化了典型岩溶水流系统的空间特征以及其水文动态响应、温度场和电导率特征。划分了扇状、树枝状、平行状、梳状4种地下水系来综合反映岩溶水流系统的地表-地下岩溶特征,前两者主管道垂直于地层走向,构造裂隙起汇水作用,后两者主管道平行于地层走向,层面裂隙起汇水作用。黄陵穹隆西北翼、西翼和南翼以平行状和树枝状为主,东翼和北翼则以扇状水系和平行状水系为主。不同地下水系结构的形成及区域差异与含水系统和水系的空间关系和级次性密切相关,并表现出不同的动态特征。扇状和平行状岩溶水流系统对降雨响应最为敏感,而梳状水系岩溶水流系统响应和衰减过程最慢;基于岩溶地下水温度与出露高程和循环深度显著相关的关系建立了鄂西山区地下水温度线。这一基础性研究可为岩溶地下水流系统研究和当地工程实践提供一定的理论支持。 相似文献
82.
Min LI Lingling XIE Xiaolong ZONG Junyi LI Mingming LI Tong YAN Ronglei HAN 《海洋湖沼学报(英文)》2022,(2):438-455
Using the 25-h continuing hydrographic observations at three successive stations in February 2012 and the mooring time series of current observations from January to March 2015, the tidal currents and tidal energy fluxes in the coastal waters east of Hainan Island in the northwestern South China Sea were analyzed. The diurnal and semidiurnal(using K 1 and M 2 as proxies, respectively) tidal currents and associated isopycnal undulations were derived with harmonic analysis. Results show that the v... 相似文献
83.
Yuanhong Deng Shijie Wang Xiaoyong Bai Luhua Wu Yue Cao Huiwen Li Mingming Wang Chaojun Li Yujie Yang Zeyin Hu Shiqi Tian Qian Lu 《水文研究》2020,34(3):836-851
High-quality soil moisture (SM) datasets are in great demand for climate, hydrology, and other fields, but detailed evaluation of SM products from various sources is scarce. Thus, using 670 SM stations worldwide, we evaluated and compared SM products from microwave remote sensing [Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) (C- and X-bands) and European Space Agency's Climate Change Initiative (ESA CCI)], land surface model [Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS)], and reanalysis data [ECMWF Re-Analysis-Interim (ERA-Interim) and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)] under different time scales and various climates and land covers. We find that: (a) ESA CCI and GLDAS have the closest values to the in situ SM on the annual scale, whereas others overestimate the SM; ERA-Interim (averaged R = 0.58) and ESA CCI (averaged R = 0.54) correlate best with the in situ data, while GLDAS performs worst. (b) Overall, the deviations of each product vary in seasons. ESA CCI and ERA-Interim products are closer to the in situ SM at seasonal scales, and AMSR-E and NCEP perform worst in December–February and June–August, respectively. (c) Except for NCEP and ERA-Interim, others can well reflect the intermonthly variation of the in situ SM. (d) Under various climates and land covers, AMSR-E products are less effective in cold climates, whereas GLDAS and NCEP products perform poorly in arid or temperate and dry climates. Moreover, the Bias and R of each SM product differ obviously under different forest types, especially the AMSR-E products. In summary, SM from ESA CCI is the best, followed by ERA-Interim product, and precipitation is an important auxiliary data for selecting high-quality SM stations and improving the accuracy of SM from GLDAS. These results can provide a reference for improving the accuracy of the above SM products. 相似文献
84.
Meng Fanchao Li Mingcai Cao Jingfu Li Ji Xiong Mingming Feng Xiaomei Ren Guoyu 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2018,133(1-2):521-530
Theoretical and Applied Climatology - Climate plays an important role in heating energy consumption owing to the direct relationship between space heating and changes in meteorological conditions.... 相似文献
85.
基于数字滤波法和SWAT模型的灞河流域基流时空变化特征研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
将国内外应用较广的数字滤波法和分布式水文模型SWAT相结合,在进行基流时间特征分析的基础上,通过修正基流退水系数α、模型效率评价、重新运行模型、GIS空间插值和趋势分析等方法,创新性地实现了基流空间特征的可视化表达。研究结果表明:① 2001~2012年灞河流域年均基流指数(BFI)为0.43,总体呈增加的趋势。年降水量与年径流、年基流均呈明显的正相关关系,与年基流指数呈明显的负相关关系;② 基流年内变化较为稳定,在时间上存在秋季>春季>夏季>冬季、汛期>非汛期的关系。枯水期的基流指数高达0.78,表明基流是枯水期河流的主要补给来源;③ 灞河流域基流在空间上表现为自东南向西北、自上游向下游逐渐增加的趋势,这种空间分异规律是由流域的地势和河流流向决定的。 相似文献
86.
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88.
To study the effect of low temperature stress on hematological parameters and HSP gene expression in the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), water temperature was lowered rapidly from 18 to 1°C. During the cooling process, three individuals were removed from culture tanks at 18, 13, 8, 5, 3, and 1°C. Blood samples and tissues were taken from each individual, hematological indices and HSP gene expression in tissues were measured. The red blood cell count, white blood cell count, and hemoglobin concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) as temperature decreased. Enzyme activities of plasma alanine transaminase and creatine kinase increased as temperature decreased, whereas aspartic transaminase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activities displayed no obvious changes above 1°C and lactate dehydrogenase activity increased first and then decreased. Blood urea nitrogen and uric acid levels were highest at 8°C, and creatinine concentration was highest at 3°C. The concentrations of plasma cortisol, cholesterol, and triglyceride all increased significantly (P < 0.05) as temperature decreased. The serum glucose concentration increased first and then decreased to the initial level. The HSP70 mRNA expression showed various patterns in different tissues, whereas HSP90 mRNA expression showed the same tendency in all tissues. Overall, these results indicate that temperature decreases in the range of 8 to 5°C may induce a stress response in S. maximus and that temperature should be kept above 8°C in the aquaculture setting to avoid damage to the fish. 相似文献
89.
Qianhua Shi Wenlong Wang Mingming Guo Zhuoxin Chen Lanqian Feng Man Zhao Hai Xiao 《水文研究》2020,34(3):718-729
Headcut erosion is associated with major hydraulic changes induced by the gully head of concentrated flow. However, the variation in the hydraulic characteristics of the headcut erosion process is still not clear in the gully region of the Loess Plateau. A series of rainfall combined scouring experiments (flow discharges ranging from 3.6 to 7.2 m3 hr−1, with 0.8 mm min−1 rainfall intensity) were conducted on experimental plots to clarify the variation in the hydraulic parameters induced by gully head and erosion processes under different flow discharges. The results showed that concentrated flows in the catchment area and gully bed were turbulent (Reynolds number ranging from 1,876 to 6,693) and transformed between supercritical and subcritical (Froude number ranging from 0.96 to 3.73). The hydraulic parameters, such as the flow velocity, Reynolds number, shear stress, stream power, Darcy–Weisbach friction factor, and unit stream power in the catchment area were 0.45–0.59 m s−1, 2086–6693, 1.96–5.33 Pa, 0.89–2.86 W m−2, 0.08–0.16, and 0.023–0.031 m s−1, respectively. When the concentrated flows dropped from the gully head, the hydraulic parameters in the gully bed decreased by 3.39–26.07%, 1.49–29.99%, 65.19–67.14%, 67.25–74.96%, 28.53–61.31%, and 67.82–77.14%, respectively, which contributed to the flow energy consumption at the gully head. As flow discharge increased, Reynolds number, shear stress, and stream power increased, while flow velocity, Froude number, unit stream power, and Darcy–Weisbach friction factor did not. The flow energy consumption at the gully head was 9.66–10.13, 13.25–13.74, 15.68–16.41, and 19.28–20.25 J s−1, respectively, under different flow discharges and accounted for 60.58–68.50% of the flow energy consumption of the experimental plots. Generally, the sediment discharges increased rapidly at the initial stage, then increased slowly, and finally reached a steady state condition, which showed a significant declining logarithmic trend with experimental duration (P<.01) and increased with increasing flow discharge. Accordingly, the flow energy consumption was significantly correlated with the sediment yield. These findings could improve our understanding of the hydraulic properties and flow energy characteristics of headcut erosion. 相似文献
90.
地质调查正在从“数字化”走向“智能化”,需要在大数据思维的指导下,面向非结构化数据开展机器阅读和地质知识的自动提取。地学命名实体和关系联合提取是当前研究的难点和核心。本文采用基于大规模预训练中文语言模型的BERT—BiLSTM—CRF方法开展岩石描述文本命名实体与关系联合提取。首先,通过收集数字地质填图工作中的剖面测量和路线地质观测数据,建立岩石描述语料;然后,在岩石学理论指导下分析岩石知识组成,完成岩石知识图谱命名实体与关系的模式设计,标注岩石语料;最后,开展岩石描述语料知识提取的深度学习训练和消融试验对比。试验结果显示,大规模预训练中文语言模型(BERT)对岩石描述语料知识提取具有较高的适用性。推荐的BERT—BiLSTM—CRF模型方法对岩石命名实体与关系联合提取的准确率(F1值)为91.75%,对岩石命名实体识别的准确率(F1值)为97.38%。消融试验证明基于BERT的词嵌入层对岩石描述知识提取的性能提升影响显著,双向长短时记忆网络模型层(BiLSTM Layer)能提升实体关系联合提取性能。 相似文献