基于人机交互技术的ETM+影像岩性信息提取方法研究——以康恩纳德斑岩铜矿床为例

随着遥感应用技术飞速发展,及近年来高分辨率传感器的不断出现,人们对遥感影像的数字化处理也有了长足进步.但在遥感地质方面,由于"同物异谱"和"同谱异物"现象广泛存在,使计算机自动提取遥感影像上的岩性信息出现较大误差.完全人工解译虽准确率较高,但速度慢,如何将计算机自动提取与人工解译有效结合起来是本次研究的重点.文章以康恩纳德斑岩铜矿床地区ETM 遥感影像为数据源,以计算机自动提取与人工解译相结合,根据已有地质资料,对该区ETM 遥感影像进行岩性信息提取.通过在包古图地区对提取模型进行验证,结果表明两者相互结合可以大大提高识别精度,为进一步地质工作提供良好的遥感信息.     

新疆乌什北山沉积型铝土矿地质特征及找矿标志

乌什北山铝土矿为沉积型,铝土矿主要形成于中石炭世.其找矿标志有地层﹑矿体颜色﹑岩石结构、放射性﹑岩溶角砾岩等标志.     

依托永久性建筑物建立测量标志的探讨

测量标志是国家空间地理信息的重要基础设施,针对当前永久性测量标志损坏严重的实际问题,提出依托永久性建筑物建立测量标志的概念,研究用GPS施测控制网的两种归心计算方法,导出用全站仪测图时偏心安置仪器的坐标计算公式,分析归心改正的计算精度,探讨依托永久性建筑物建立测量标志的可行性。     

Research Advances and Exploration Significance of Large-area Accumulation of Low and Medium Abundance Lithologic Reservoirs

In recent years, a series of large low and medium abundance oil and gas fields are discovered through exploration activities onshore China, which are commonly characterized by low porosity-permeability reservoirs, low oil/gas column height, multiple thin hydrocarbon layers, and distribution in overlapping and connection, and so on. The advantageous conditions for large-area accumulation of low-medium abundance hydrocarbon reservoirs include： （1） large （fan） delta sandbodies are developed in the hinterland of large flow-uncontrolled lake basins and they are alternated with source rocks extensively in a structure like ＂sandwiches＂; （2） effective hydrocarbon source kitchens are extensively distributed, offering maximum contact chances with various sandbodies and hydrocarbon source rocks; （3） oil and gas columns are low in height, hydrocarbon layers are mainly of normal-low pressure, and requirements for seal rock are low; （4） reservoirs have strong inheterogeneity and gas reservoirs are badly connected; （5） the hydrocarbon desorption and expulsion under uplifting and unloading environments cause widely distributed hydrocarbon source rocks of coal measures to form large-area reservoirs; （6） deep basin areas and synclinal areas possess reservoir-forming dynamics. The areas with great exploration potential include the Paleozoic and Mesozoic in the Ordos Basin, the Xujiahe Formation in Dachuanzhong in the Sichuan basin, deep basin areas in the Songliao basin etc. The core techniques of improving exploration efficiency consist of the sweetspot prediction technique that focuses on fine characterization of reservoirs, the hydrocarbon layer protecting and high-speed drilling technique, and the rework technique for enhancing productivity.     

Environmental Investigation and Evaluation of Land Subsidence in the Datong Coalfield Based on InSAR Technology

Heavy mining of Jurassic and Carboniferous horizontal coal seams in the Datong coalfield has seriously affected the local geological environment, which is mainly manifested by such geohazards as soil avalanches, landslides, mudflows, surface subsidence, surface cracks, surface solid waste accumulation and surface deformation. More seriously, coal mining causes groundwater to leak. Overpumping of groundwater has resulted in substantial land subsidence of the urban area in Datong City. Based on the previous geo-environmental investigation in the work area, the authors used radar remote sensing techniques such as InSAR （synthetic aperture radar interferometry） and D-InSAR （differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry）, supplemented by the optical remote sensing method, for geo-environmental investigation to ascertain the geo-environmental background of the Datong Jurassic and Carboniferous-Permian coalfield and evaluate the effects of the geohazards, thus providing a basis for the geo-environmental protection, geohazard control and prevention, land improvement and optimization of the human environment. In this study 8 cog-nominal ERS-1/2 SAR data frames during 1992 to 2003 were used, but the following processing was made： （1） the multitemporal SAR magnitude images were used to interpret the geological structure, vegetation, microgeomorphology and drainage system; （2） the multi-temporal InSAR coherent images were used to make a classification of surface features and evaluate the coherence change due to coal mining; and （3） the multi-temporal cog-nominal SAR images were used to complete D-InSAR processing to remove the information of differential deformation areas （sites）. In the end, a ten-year time series of differential interferograms were obtained using the multi-temporal cog-nominal SAR images. In the tests, 84 deformed areas （sites） were obtained, belonging to those in 1993-1996, 1996-1997, 1997-1998, 1998-2001, 1998-2002 and 2001-2003 respectively. Of the 84 areas, 44 are m     

江西省永平铜矿西部排土场极限堆载高度确定

国内外对排土场极限堆载高度的理论计算缺乏研究,目前尚无成熟的统一理论计算方法。文章结合永平铜矿西部排土场的工程实例,在进行边坡工程地质条件勘察与排土场岩土物理力学性质试验研究的基础上,采用数值计算方法对排土场进行了分层堆载数值模拟计算。通过对计算结果的分析,得到位移、塑性区与安全系数随堆载高度的变化规律,并确定了该排土场的极限堆载高度。     

评价生物气生成量、生成期的元素平衡法及其应用

生物气的生成期对其成藏有至关重要的制约作用,但目前国内外尚缺少可信、有效方法来对此进行评价。针对这一难题,考虑到无论生物气的生成机理如何,都是一个有机元素之间的物质平衡过程,文章探索并建立了评价生物气生成量的元素平衡法,并利用松辽盆地大量的实际分析数据,对这一评价方法(模型)进行了标定和应用。结果表明,松辽盆地生物气的生成可能主要发生在800m以浅的埋深条件下;区内源岩生物气的生成量约为285.0×1012m3;生物气的主要生成期在嫩江组沉积末期之前。     

等高线图信息定量度量研究

在分析现有的地图信息定量度量方法的基础上,提出了一组测量等高线地形图的几何信息和拓扑信息的定量度量方法,并进行了实例分析.