Hydrogeochemical assessment of groundwater in Kashmir Valley,India

Groundwater samples (n = 163) were collected across Kashmir Valley in 2010 to assess the hydrogeochemistry of the groundwater in shallow and deep aquifers and its suitability for domestic, agriculture, horticulture, and livestock purposes. The groundwater is generally alkaline in nature. The electrical conductivity (EC) which is an index to represent the total concentration of soluble salts in water was used to measure the salinity hazard to crops as it reflects the TDS in groundwater ranging from 97 to 1385 μS/cm, except one well in Sopore. The average concentration of major ions was higher in shallow aquifers than in deeper aquifers. In general, Ca²⁺ is the dominant cation and HCO \(_{3}^{-}\) the dominant anion. Ca–HCO₃, Mg–HCO₃, Ca–Mg–HCO₃, Na–HCO₃ were the dominant hydrogeochemical facies. High concentration of HCO₃ and pH less than 8.8 clearly indicated that intense chemical weathering processes have taken place in the study area. The groundwater flow pattern in the area follows the local surface topography which not only modifies the hydrogeochemical facies but also controls their distribution. The groundwater in valley flows into four directions, i.e., SW–NE, NE–W, SE-NW and SE–NE directions. The results suggest that carbonate dissolution is the dominant source of major ions followed by silicate weathering and ion-exchange processes. The concentrations of all the major ions determined in the present study are within the permissible limits of WHO and BIS standards. The results of Total Hardness, SAR, Na%, Kelly Index, USDA classification, Magnesium absorption ratio, residual sodium carbonate, and PI suggested that groundwater is good for drinking, livestock, and irrigation purposes.     

饱和粉细砂层锚索预应力变化规律监测分析

锚索的预应力损失在工程建设中不可忽视,工程的场地环境条件成为影响锚索预应力损失的主因。饱和粉细砂层较其他地质条件更为复杂敏感,更易引起锚索预应力值的损失。通过对廊坊市某深基坑工程锚索预应力值的实时监测,结合工程环境,分析饱和粉细砂层中造成锚索预应力值变化的原因。结果表明,施工过程、张拉过程以及环境因素都影响锚索预应力的变化,其中开挖过程的影响最明显,预应力值的变化率最大值达79.1%;瞬时卸载造成预应力值22.8%⁵9.2%的损失。对饱和粉细砂层中锚索预应力变化规律的研究分析结论可为类似地质环境的工程建设提供经验。     

页岩储层物性参数对CO2不同封存机制及封存量的影响

CO₂增强页岩气开采技术(CO₂-ESGR)一方面可提高CH4产量,另一方面又可实现CO₂地质封存。为了分析页岩储层物性参数对CO₂封存机制的影响,文章以鄂尔多斯盆地延长组页岩为研究对象,采用CMG-GEM软件建立双孔双渗均质模型,分析了CO₂-ESGR中页岩储层垂直渗透率与水平渗透率之比(Kv/Kh)、含水饱和度和孔隙度对不同CO₂封存机制封存量的影响;并设计了27组正交试验采用极差分析法比较了三种因素的影响程度。研究表明,Kv/Kh在0.1～1范围增大会增加不同CO₂封存机制的封存量,封存总量最大可增加69.96%,其中吸附封存量最大可增加97.96%,受到影响最大;含水饱和度在0～0.9范围增大引起CO₂封存总量先增加后减小,封存总量最大可减少67.12%,其中溶解封存量最大可减少83.35%,范围波动最大;页岩储层孔隙度在0.1～0.99范围增大会导致CO₂封存总量减少,封存总量最大...     

Multi-factor impact analysis of agricultural production in Bangladesh with climate change

Diverse vulnerabilities of Bangladesh's agricultural sector in 16 sub-regions are assessed using experiments designed to investigate climate impact factors in isolation and in combination. Climate information from a suite of global climate models (GCMs) is used to drive models assessing the agricultural impact of changes in temperature, precipitation, carbon dioxide concentrations, river floods, and sea level rise for the 2040–2069 period in comparison to a historical baseline. Using the multi-factor impacts analysis framework developed in Yu et al. (2010), this study provides new sub-regional vulnerability analyses and quantifies key uncertainties in climate and production. Rice (aman, boro, and aus seasons) and wheat production are simulated in each sub-region using the biophysical Crop Environment REsource Synthesis (CERES) models. These simulations are then combined with the MIKE BASIN hydrologic model for river floods in the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna (GBM) Basins, and the MIKE21 Two-Dimensional Estuary Model to determine coastal inundation under conditions of higher mean sea level. The impacts of each factor depend on GCM configurations, emissions pathways, sub-regions, and particular seasons and crops. Temperature increases generally reduce production across all scenarios. Precipitation changes can have either a positive or a negative impact, with a high degree of uncertainty across GCMs. Carbon dioxide impacts on crop production are positive and depend on the emissions pathway. Increasing river flood areas reduce production in affected sub-regions. Precipitation uncertainties from different GCMs and emissions scenarios are reduced when integrated across the large GBM Basins’ hydrology. Agriculture in Southern Bangladesh is severely affected by sea level rise even when cyclonic surges are not fully considered, with impacts increasing under the higher emissions scenario.     

Obliquely propagating solitary wave structures in nonextensive magneto-rotating plasmas

The propagation of the nonlinear electrostatic ion acoustic solitary wave structures in two component, non relativistic, homogenous, magneto rotating plasma are studied. The inertialess electrons are assumed to follow nonextensive q velocity distribution. Small amplitude reductive perturbation technique is applied to derive Korteweg de Vries (KdV) equation and its analytical solution is presented. The effects of variation of different plasma parameters on propagation characteristics of solitary wave structure in the presence of the Coriolis force are discussed. It is observed that nonextensive parameter q modifies the structure of solitary wave structures in rotating plasmas.     

Spot patterns and differential rotation in the eclipsing pre-cataclysmic variable binary, V471 Tau

We present surface spot maps of the K2V primary star in the pre-cataclysmic variable binary system, V471 Tau. The spot maps show the presence of large high-latitude spots located at the sub-white dwarf longitude region. By tracking the relative movement of spot groups over the course of four nights (eight rotation cycles), we measure the surface differential rotation rate of the system. Our results reveal that the star is rotating rigidly with a surface shear rate,  dΩ= 1.6 ± 6 mrad d⁻¹  . The single active star AB Dor has a similar spectral type, rotation period and activity level as the K star in V471 Tau, but displays much stronger surface shear  (46 < dΩ < 58 mrad d⁻¹)  . Our results suggest that tidal locking may inhibit differential rotation; this reduced shear, however, does not affect the overall magnetic activity levels in active K dwarfs.     

Comparison of the dynamic response of a saturated soil between two models

The dynamic response of marine sediment to ocean surface waves is treated extremely by marine geotechnical and coastal engineers. In the area of conventional hydrodynamics, the assumption of im-permeable rigid seabed has been used as the boundary of water waves theories and the waves parameters de-duced from the theory have not referred to the interac-tion of water waves and seabed. In the area of soil mechanics, many engineers regard the response as slow loading according to the Zienkewiczs[1…