南阳盆地特殊震相研究

南阳盆地内发生的地震在仪器记录图上与其他地震波形有所不同,在直达横波正常出现后立即开始衰减,紧接着二次出现大振幅、大周期波形。对此进行了分析,证明在南阳地区地壳中存在一个硬度较大的界面,地震波到达该界面时发生反射,反射波与直达波叠加,即出现了第二个较大振幅的波形。     

A critique of Ramsey's phase-transition hypothesis on grounds of comparative planetology

Recent interest in the Ramsey phase-transition hypothesis is examined and dicussed with reference to the ideas of plate tectonics. Modern data on the densities and likely central pressures of the terrestrial planets combined with the occurence of planetary magnetism in the Moon and Mercury are shown to conflict with the Ramsey phase-transition hypothesis.     

江西兴国县潜在偏硅酸矿泉水水化学特征及水质健康功能评价

江西兴国县地下水中富含偏硅酸,水资源丰富,但对矿泉水资源禀赋等研究相对薄弱,开展该县偏硅酸矿泉水水化学特征和健康功能研究,可为当地发展矿泉水产业、实施乡村振兴战略提供基础支撑。本文应用数理统计、水化学分析、离子比值等多种分析方法研究了兴国县潜在偏硅酸矿泉水的分布、水化学特征以及成因与物质来源,并基于感官指数和健康指数对其健康功能进行了评价。结果表明：潜在偏硅酸矿泉水主要分布在岩浆岩裂隙含水岩组、碎屑岩孔隙裂隙含水岩组和变质岩裂隙含水岩组中,这三类含水岩组的调查水样中,发现潜在偏硅酸矿泉水的比例分别为48.5%、45.7%、29.6%,且主要分布在海拔400m以下区域。潜在偏硅酸矿泉水的偏硅酸含量多集中在32~40mg/L之间,主要来自硅酸盐矿物的水解;在变质岩、岩浆岩裂隙含水岩组区,偏硅酸的富集以溶滤作用为主;在碎屑岩孔隙裂隙含水岩组区,偏硅酸的富集受溶滤作用和阳离子交替吸附作用共同影响。该县岩浆岩裂隙含水组区潜在偏硅酸矿泉水口感最佳,深层碎屑岩孔隙含水组区潜在偏硅酸矿泉水健康指数相对较高。本文认为,兴国县矿泉水勘查开发靶区宜以岩浆岩裂隙含水岩组区和深层碎屑岩孔隙裂隙含水岩组区为主。研究成果可为揭示兴国县偏硅酸矿泉水资源价值和功能提供参考。     

NUMERICAL METHODS IN THE COMPILATION OF TRANSFORMED IMAGES

A third installment in a series of articles devoted to the compilation of transformed images focuses on computer-assisted numerical image transformations. Particular attention is devoted to algorithms developed by Tobler, Tikunov, and Pikin; Tikunov; White and Griffin; Kadmon and Shlomi; Petrov, Serbenyuk, and Tikunov; and Dougenik et al. Advantages and shortcomings of each of these methods are compared and a new algorithm is unveiled that is designed to eliminate some of the extant deficiencies in image transformation.     

遥感图像的多线程处理研究

针对目前大数据量遥感图像的处理普遍存在着速度较慢、效率不高的现状,提出了一种利用多线程技术对遥感图像分块进行并行处理的方法,利用系统资源克服了磁盘访问的瓶颈,有效地提高了大数据量遥感图像的处理速度。     

多媒体电子地图的信息传递

将多媒体技术引入电子地图的编制,为空间信息可视化提供了更加丰富的表达方式,同时也对地图信息的传递方式产生了重要影响。多媒体电子地图实现了制图者和用图者之间的真正意义上的信息交互,从而使地图设计更具有用户化的特点;而且多媒体电子地图可以提供查询、量算、统计、分析等手段用以挖掘数据间的关联性和发展趋势,加强地图的社会功能。在多媒体电子地图(集)的设计中,应根据地图(集)编制的目的和用户类别确定地图(集)系统的信息总体流向,用一系列的节点(热区)和不同类型的链接来组织地图(集)的信息流程,将地图(集)的主要信息有重点、有层次地传递给地图的用户。     

西部1:50 000地形图补充要素研究与表达

本文首先介绍了国家西部1∶50000地形图空白区测图工程的背景,根据测区地物特征提出了补充西部测图要素的四种途径:要素选取指标调整;地形图原有要素类属性内容扩充;西部特色要素突出表示;地形图新生要素选取.进而,对补充的要素进行几何形状规定和属性表设计.最后针对补充要素的可视化进行了符号设计.     

Identifying sediment sources from the inter-gully area and gully area in a small watershed in the Loess Hilly Region of China

Understanding the sediment source is very significant for erosion control in small watersheds. On the Loess Plateau of China, over 110 thousands of check dams were constructed in the past 60 years, which played an important role in controlling soil loss and also kept much information of erosion and sediment yield in the past. The objective of this investigation is to identify the sediment source by the ¹³⁷Cs tracing method in a small watershed in the Loess Hilly Region of China. Fifty-five sampling sites were selected from the watershed (44 from the inter-gully area, 7 from the gully sides and 4 from the reference sites), and a total of 114 soil samples were collected from three sediment profile cores at the Sidizui watershed check dam constructed in 1959. Based on the erosion rate from the inter-gully area by the ¹³⁷Cs models, and the total erosion amount deposited in the check dam since 1963, the relative contributions of sediment from the inter-gully area and gully area were estimated during 1963–2013. By comparing the difference of ¹³⁷Cs activities of surface soils from the check dam (deposited in the 2011–2013 flood events), the inter-gully and gully areas, the relative contributions of sediment derived from the two source areas to the flood sediment during recent years (2011–2013) were estimated by a simple mixing model. Results showed that the erosion rate from the inter-gully area was about 3054 t/km² a during 1963–2013, and the relative contributions of sediment from the inter-gully area and gully area were estimated to be 27 and 73%, respectively. The sediment from the inter-gully area was about 20% of the total sediment yield amount to the 2011–2013 floods, and from the gully area it was about 80%. The relative contribution of sediment from the inter-gully or gully area was not a fixed value in the watershed. Both of the inter-gully erosion and gully erosion should be simultaneously controlled, and more erosion control measures on the gully area should be taken in the subsequent watershed management in order to reduce the erosion amount in this region.     

雨后两次强浓雾的爆发性增强过程

2015年12月在南京市郊进行雾的外场综合试验,观测得到20—21日雨后两次强浓雾的爆发性增强过程。利用常规气象资料、边界层廓线、雾滴谱等,分析此次典型雾过程的天气背景和边界层结构特征,探讨雾爆发性增强的原因。结果表明:雨后地表及近地层高湿环境为雾的形成提供了充足的水汽,南京冬季冷高压控制下稳定的天气层结,以及夜间的辐射冷却作用,极有利于辐射雾的产生。而雾的爆发性增强,主要和降温与增湿有关。晴天夜间地表向上长波辐射增强引起的强降温,日出后地面的强蒸发作用使得近地表水汽增多,都可直接引起雾的爆发性变浓。强的贴地逆温层的形成是雾爆发性增强的关键,易于近地面水汽的积累。而超低空急流的产生,有利于加速逆温层的贴地增强。