湖泊水库湖流模拟系统

在系统研究湖泊、水库各项水动力影响因素的基础上,建立了湖流模拟系统,其中包括水流叠加波浪后波流的共同作用、波浪剩余动量流、风作用剪应力、风吹流以及悬移质扩散分布等。数值模拟中还采用了几种处理技术,并对ADI法进行了双向双步扫描改进。在引滦入津输水工程中的于桥水库湖流计算预报的应用表明,计算结果与现场实测吻合良好,具有计算精度高、收敛快、稳定性好、通用性强等优点。     

滇西澜沧老厂地区玄武岩岩石成因与构造意义

对滇西澜沧老厂地区玄武岩进行了系统的主微量元素和Nd-Pb同位素地球化学研究,结果表明该玄武岩为典型的洋岛玄武岩(OIB)。Nd-Pb同位素研究表明,玄武岩浆含富集地幔组分。老厂地区玄武岩浆活动可能与地幔热柱有关,玄武岩可能为地幔热柱(软流圈)熔融产生的岩浆与富集的岩石圈地幔岩浆混合的产物。     

面向星群的遥感影像智能服务关键问题EI北大核心CSCD

全天时、全天候和全球的遥感信息实时智能服务是对地观测系统建设的目标。近几年来,随着我国高分专项和商业卫星的发展,在轨卫星数量急剧增加,对地观测能力得到极大增强,使得传统的单星和星座卫星系统的运控、接收、处理和应用服务模式面临严峻挑战,亟须统筹规划卫星应用各环节资源,充分发挥多星协同优势,构建统一的遥感影像实时智能服务体系和系统。本文针对遥感星群卫星体系特点和对地观测用户需求特征,开展面向星群的遥感影像智能服务关键问题研究。提出了面向任务的全球多尺度语义描述网格,统筹全球动静态的任务语义描述,在此基础上重点分析了面向星群的自主任务管理、精准动态规划和协同智能处理等关键技术问题,形成集任务描述、任务管控、任务规划、在轨处理、终端分发一体化的星群智能服务技术体系。通过充分发挥星群协同的优势,结合在轨处理和人工智能技术来降低各环节时间延迟,提高数据处理精度,从而实现完全自动化和智能化的近实时星群智能服务,为对地观测的全天时、全天候快速高效智能服务奠定基础。     

DST－3型井间声波探测和井中声波采油系统在冀东油田的试验

我们研制的ＤＳＴ－３型井间声波探测和井中声波来油系统，用于油气田井间层析成像，分辨率高、可检测度高；用于油层井中震动来油，功率大、作用范围大。该系统在冀东油田投入高１０４－５井和高１０５－５井试验，取得了２１０ｍ井间距、１８５４．１ｍ—１８９０ｍ深部油层上较高质量的井间数据，经ＣＴ处理，获得了井间声波层析成像剖面。高１０４－５井１８６７．６ｍ—１８８４．８ｍ含油层经过１３个小时井下声源震动解堵，这口原已不出油停产的井竟然出现原油自溢流出井口，后下泵抽油恢复产能。试验效果证实了系统的可靠性和实用性，显示该系统将会在油气田开发和开采中发挥特殊作用。     

西非被动大陆边缘构造-沉积演化及其对生储盖的控制作用

西非海岸属典型的被动大陆边缘,经历了前裂谷、裂谷和被动陆缘等三个演化阶段,北段与中南段盆地裂谷作用的时间和方式不同。在由构造—沉积控制的盆地发展演化过程中发育三套主力烃源岩,即裂谷期盐下湖相页岩、被动陆缘期盐上海相页岩以及浅海相—三角洲相页岩;发育裂谷期湖相碎屑岩、被动陆缘期碳酸盐岩、滨岸砂岩、浊积体和三角洲砂岩等多套储层。阿普特盐岩为主要的区域盖层,形成了裂谷期的断块、断背斜、盐岩构造以及与被动陆缘期同生长断层相关的滚动背斜等众多构造和圈闭。     

Optimal spatial allocation of water resources based on Pareto ant colony algorithm

The spatial allocation of water resources is optimised using the multi-objective functions and multi-constrained conditions of the Pareto ant colony algorithm (PACA). The objective function is the highest benefit to the economy, society and the environment, while the constraints include water supply, demand and quality. The PACA is improved by limiting local pheromone scope and dynamically updating global pheromone levels. Since both strategies guide the ant towards borders of high-pheromone concentration, the new approach enhances the global search capability and convergence speed. Programming, database management and interface tools are then integrated into geographic information systems (GIS) software. The study area is located in Zhenping County, Henan Province, China, and water resource data are obtained using remote sensing (RS) and GIS technology. The improved PACA is solved in the GIS environment. Optimal spatial allocation schemes are obtained for surface, ground and transferred water and the model yields optimal spatial benefit schemes of water resources, embracing economic, social and ecological benefits. The results of improved PACA are superior to those of other intelligent optimisation algorithms, including the ant colony algorithm, multi-objective genetic algorithm and back-propagation artificial neural network. Therefore, the integration of RS, GIS and PACA can effectively optimise the large-scale, multi-objective allocation of water resources. The model also enhances the global search capability, convergence speed and result precision, and can potentially solve other optimal spatial problems with multi-objective functions.     

Phytoplankton diversity in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea measured by PCR-DGGE and its relationships with environmental factors

Relationships between phytoplankton community composition and environmental variables in the East China Sea (ECS) and Yellow Sea (YS) were investigated using geochemical and molecular microbiology methods. The diversity of phytoplankton was characterized using cultivation-independent PCR-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Groups resulting from unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages clustering of the DGGE profiles showed good consistency with the eco-environmental characteristics of the sea area they belonged to. Additionally, the clustering results based on DGGE fingerprinting and those based on morphological compositions were practically identical. The relationship of phytoplankton diversity to environmental factors was statistically analyzed. Temperature, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), and silicate-Si were found significantly related to the phytoplankton community composition. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was performed to reveal the relationship between community composition and these three environmental factors. Generally, values of the ECS are clearly separated from those of the YS in the CCA biplot, due to mainly the effect of temperature and DIN.     

洞庭湖水面面积与城陵矶水位之间的绳套关系

洞庭湖是我国第二大淡水湖,与长江连通,在防洪抗旱和湿地生态保护等方面具有重要的现实意义.采用Terra/MODIS L1B遥感数据,提取了2000-2012年洞庭湖水面面积,结合同期城陵矶水位观测数据,建立了城陵矶水位与洞庭湖水面面积的绳套关系曲线.分析结果表明:2000-2012年间,洞庭湖水面面积呈现总体减少的趋势;在季节上表现为规律性的涨落,具有明显的涨(4-6月)-丰(7-9月)-退(10-12月)-枯(1-3月)的水文特征;在空间格局上表现为由湖体中心向外扩张,随后由外向湖体中心逐渐收缩的变化过程;洞庭湖水面面积与城陵矶水位之间具有较高的相关性,但不同时期的相关系数存在一定的差异:枯水期二者相关性较低,丰水期相关性最高,涨水期和退水期相关性较高;这种差异与各个时期的主导因素不同有关,长江来水对枯水期、丰水期的绳套关系影响较大,其中东洞庭湖最为明显;不论丰水年(2002年)或干旱年(2011年),洞庭湖水面面积变化与城陵矶水位之间的相关性均较高.研究结果对于深入认识江湖关系的宏观复杂性、长江中下游地区以及洞庭湖水域洪涝灾害的预防和治理都具有积极的意义.     

基于动力演化算法的投影寻踪在高光谱影像异常目标检测中的应用

运用基于波段间相关性的高光谱影像波段选取方法进行波段的预选取,采用投影寻踪的方法在动力演化算法的基础上寻找最佳投影方向,将高维数据投影至低维数据空间,在各投影分量图像上采用零点检测阈值化的方法进行异常目标的提取。实验结果表明了基于动力演化算法的投影寻踪在高光谱影像异常目标检测中的有效性。