蒙古国东方省海塔盆地塔南凹陷断裂特征及其油气意义

以三维地震资料解释为基础,通过编制相关构造图件揭示了海塔盆地塔南凹陷的断裂构造特征和构造演化过程,分析了构造活动对沉积作用的控制以及对烃源岩发育、圈闭形成和油气运移聚集条件的影响。塔南凹陷白垩纪经历了叠合断陷期(铜钵庙组—南屯组沉积时期）、叠合断拗期(大磨拐河组沉积时期）和反转拗陷期(伊敏组—青元岗组沉积时期）共3期演化,发育伸展和走滑—伸展两套断裂系统。受断裂活动影响,不同时期各次凹的沉降中心发生了明显的分异与迁移。断陷期沉降中心沿断陷边界断层上盘分布,断拗期沉降中心向凹陷中心迁移。断陷期结构样式及主干断裂活动强度控制着沉积相的分布,也影响油气成藏。     

1988-2018年滇池氮磷比的时空演变特征与原因解析

氮、磷浓度是制约湖泊营养状态和生产力水平的重要环境因子,而氮磷化学计量比是湖泊生态系统的主要指标,因此,判识氮磷比变化趋势及其驱动力对湖泊生态恢复具有重要意义.研究基于19882018年连续观测数据,分析了滇池氮磷浓度和氮磷摩尔比(简称氮磷比)的时空分布演变特征;采用多元线性回归模型分别对滇池草海和外海氮磷比驱动效应进行定量解析,筛选出影响湖体氮磷比变化的潜在驱动因子.结果表明:①19882018年滇池氮磷比呈现显著的线性上升趋势,其中草海和外海氮磷比分别上升1.3和0.7 a^-1.②草海和外海分别在2008年和2004年发生了氮磷比上升突变,突变前上升归因于总氮浓度快速增加,突变后则是由于总磷浓度下降较快.③滇池的氮磷浓度变化主要是受流域氮磷输入负荷、跨流域调水、流域氮磷削减、风速和水位的综合影响,但受控因子在不同区域可能存在差异.④气温是滇池氮磷比变化的主要驱动因子,流域人为氮磷输入差异是滇池氮磷比变化的次要驱动因子.     

渤海表层沉积物中的生物硅

采用0.1 mol/L HCl和1%Na2CO3两步连续提取法,对103个渤海表层沉积物样品的生物硅含量进行了分析,结果表明,渤海表层沉积物中生物硅含量范围为7.3~54.7 g/kg,均值31.5 g/kg,高于其他相关调查,原因可能是由于采用0.1 mol/L HCl提取过程中,破坏了生物硅表面的金属氧化膜。对沉积物生物硅含量的空间分布表征显示,莱州湾是沉积物生物硅的低值区、而渤海湾与辽东湾之间的河北沿岸海域是相对高值区,初步认为是陆源营养物质的输入与黄河泥沙长期不断输入干扰沉积环境的稳定性,造成了该海域表层沉积物生物硅分布差异。主成分分析显示,生物硅含量与沉积物黏粒含量、细粉砂、有机氮、有机碳的含量均呈极显著正相关(P0.01),进一步证实沉积物粒度特征和营养环境对生物硅积累的影响。     

甘肃地区近震震级的量规函数研究

采用甘肃测震台网“十五”宽频带数字地震记录资料,选取自2009 年1 月～ 2012 年12 月所记录的13086 次地震事件,通过震级残差统计方法计算了各台站单台震级与台网平均震级的偏差、平均偏差和标准偏差,分析了震级偏差频次分布和定量统计,修正了ML量规函数,得到了代表甘肃地区的地方性均匀震级量规函数。     

甲醛前处理对提取海带褐藻胶质与量的影响

褐藻胶(Na-alginate)工业在国外已有半个多世纪的历史,其工艺流程及生产设备等都日趋标准化,产品的种类及其在工业上的用途也走向多样化。我国在五十年代初期曾呈奎和纪明侯就用野生的马尾藻作为原料进行了褐藻胶的提取研究,井确立了褐藻胶的生产工艺,从而诞生了我国的褐藻胶工业。六十年代以来,由于海带的大量人工栽培，褐藻胶生产便采用海带作为原料,由此,这个新兴工业迅猛发展。目前,中国的褐藻胶生产的规模和产量在世界上已名列前矛,除了主产品褐藻胶以外,还同时生产甘露醇、碘等联产品。但这个工业还存在不少问题,特別是褐藻胶的粘度、透明度及色泽等质量指标是人们极为关切的问题。本文拟就海藻原料的前处理工艺对胶的质量和产量的影响做一系统的研究。     

Assessment of terrain elevation derived from satellite laser altimetry over mountainous forest areas using airborne lidar data

Gaussian decomposition has been used to extract terrain elevation from waveforms of the satellite lidar GLAS (Geoscience Laser Altimeter System), on board ICESat (Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite). The common assumption is that one of the extracted Gaussian peaks, especially the lowest one, corresponds to the ground. However, Gaussian decomposition is usually complicated due to the broadened signals from both terrain and objects above over sloped areas. It is a critical and pressing research issue to quantify and understand the correspondence between Gaussian peaks and ground elevation. This study uses ～2000 km² airborne lidar data to assess the lowest two GLAS Gaussian peaks for terrain elevation estimation over mountainous forest areas in North Carolina. Airborne lidar data were used to extract not only ground elevation, but also terrain and canopy features such as slope and canopy height. Based on the analysis of a total of ～500 GLAS shots, it was found that (1) the lowest peak tends to underestimate ground elevation; terrain steepness (slope) and canopy height have the highest correlation with the underestimation, (2) the second to the lowest peak is, on average, closer to the ground elevation over mountainous forest areas, and (3) the stronger peak among the lowest two is closest to the ground for both open terrain and mountainous forest areas. It is expected that this assessment will shed light on future algorithm improvements and/or better use of the GLAS products for terrain elevation estimation.     

Efficient estimation of flood forecast prediction intervals via single‐ and multi‐objective versions of the LUBE method

Prediction intervals (PIs) are commonly used to quantify the accuracy and precision of a forecast. However, traditional ways to construct PIs typically require strong assumptions about data distribution and involve a large computational burden. Here, we improve upon the recent proposed Lower Upper Bound Estimation method and extend it to a multi‐objective framework. The proposed methods are demonstrated using a real‐world flood forecasting case study for the upper Yangtze River Watershed. Results indicate that the proposed methods are able to efficiently construct appropriate PIs, while outperforming other methods including the widely used Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation approach. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Probable causes for cyanobacterial expansion in the Baltic Sea: Role of anoxia and phosphorus retention

This study corroborates the hypothesis that nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria have probably occurred as an important component of the phytoplankton community in the Baltic Sea at least since brackish water conditions were initiated 8,500¹⁴C yr BP. Pigment analyses indicate that extensive occurrences started prior to a sharp increase in nutrient levels dated to 7,100¹⁴C yr BP. The cyanobacteria could have functioned as a natural trigger for eutrophication in the Baltic Sea by importing nitrogen. This is also verified by a contemporaneous drop in the δ¹⁵N values from 4‰ to around 2‰. We further conclude that the spreading of cyanobacteria was probably caused by a decrease in nitrogen∶phosphorus (N∶P) in the water mass that resulted from the intrusion of oceanic water with high P levels. The fractionation of P in sediments indicated that iron-bound P was efficiently sequestered under anoxic conditions that occurred as a consequence of the establishment of a stable stratification caused by the marine intrusion. This pool only showed minor variations around 3 μmol g⁻¹ at the freshwater-brackish water transition. All P pools except the CaCO₃ fraction showed a distinct increase around 9,300¹⁴C yr BP prior to the transition. We interpreted this increase as a change in preservation of organic matter or in the source of the sediment. Slightly after 4,000¹⁴C yr BP there was a dramatic drop in all P pools without any corresponding decreases in total N and carbon. Total P decreased from around 75 to 25–30 μmol g⁻¹. The most dramatic drop occurred in the organic bound and the detrital apatite fractions, which decreased by a factor of 3–4. We explain this as a preferential regeneration of P, especially organic P, compared to other nutrients due to more prevalent anoxic conditions.     

中国碲矿成矿规律概要

富金斑岩-矽卡岩矿床产出了大部分碲资源,其他类型碲矿资源时空分布规律暂未明确。在全国矿产资源潜力动态评价项目开展过程中,本文对中国碲矿资源特征、碲矿类型、时空分布进行分析与归纳,初步总结了中国碲矿成矿规律。本文对中国碲矿的资源特征进行了介绍;收集了全国45个含碲矿床的资料,将中国碲矿分为碱性-偏碱性侵入岩型、卡林-类卡林型、浅成低温热液型、斑岩-矽卡岩型、造山型、铜镍硫化物型6大预测类型;将碲矿形成时代分为元古宙、古生代、中生代、新生代4个成矿期,划分了9个碲成矿带,即吉黑、华北陆块西缘、华北陆块北缘、辽东、秦岭、苏鲁、长江中下游、三江、南岭成矿带;厘定出34个与碲矿有关的成矿系列,建立了中国碲矿成矿谱系。综合研究所得,中国碲矿以晚古生代和中生代华北和东北地区的浅成低温热液型、斑岩-矽卡岩型、铜镍硫化物型矿床,小秦岭-熊耳山地区的造山型矿床,长江中下游和滇川黔地区的斑岩-矽卡岩型、铜镍硫化物型矿床为主。