Hydrogeochemical Evolution of Interaction Between Surface Water and Groundwater Affected by Exploitation

Hydrogeochemical evolution of interactions between surface water and groundwater is crucial for guaranteeing water supply quality in a riverside water source area. This study focuses on the seasonal and spatial characteristics of hydrogeochemical evolution affected by groundwater exploitation in the Hulan water source area using hydrochemical analyses and stable isotope tracers. Results show that the concentrations of major ions and total dissolved solids (TDS) increase considerably during the dry season. A bicarbonate water type is primarily produced by the dissolution of calcite, dolomite and gypsum, as well as the cation exchange and human activities. Along the typical infiltration path, the proportions of surface water increase with proximity to the river from 8%-63% during the wet season to 11%-84% during the dry season, which are attributed to an increased hydraulic gradient by exploitation. The typical path is classified into two zones. The first is the intensive mixing zone (within 1 km) with increasing concentrations of major ions and TDS due to mixing effect. The second is the exploitation influence zone (1-3.3 km) with increased concentrations of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, SO₄²⁻, and HCO₃⁻ during the dry season due to two reasons of seasonal variations in evaporation, stronger water-rock interactions and mixing effects with increased surface water by exploitation.     

宁波站DDL-2与FD-105K测氡仪对比观测研究

测氡仪对比观测研究是探索仪器运行规律和提供可靠地震研究数据的支撑。文章基于使用AlphaGUARD P2000测氡仪作为无源标定仪器对DDL-2测氡仪进行溶解氡的校准实验,开展DDL-2测氡仪氡浓度响应研究以及DDL-2测氡仪和FD-105K测氡仪对比观测研究。结果表明：(1)校准K值的偏差值都在4.827 6%以内,满足目前地震监测观测技术要求和仪器标定要求;(2)DDL-2测氡仪可描述动态的水氡浓度,使用Origin 2018数据分析软件对氡浓度绘制拟合曲线,为氡值变化过程提供数学模型,鼓泡过程中水氡浓度经历迅速上升期、平缓期和稳定期,稳定后氡浓度变化幅度约为5.0 Bq/L,并且变化形态不尽相同;(3)使用Origin 2018对比分析数据,发现DDL-2测氡仪与AlphaGUARD P2000测氡仪较FD-105K测氡仪氡浓度日变化响应更灵敏且氡测值曲线吻合度更高。     

Comprehensive Combustion Performances of Water Hyacinth and Pistia stratiotes Pellet Fuels

For efficient combustion of aquatic biomass, the effects of heating rate on the combustion and dynamic characteristics of two typical aquatic species (water hyacinth, Pistia stratiotes), and the effects of temperature and additives on ash K and Cl concentrations are studied. The two types of pellets have ignition temperatures of 252.7 and 250.3 °C, respectively. At a heating rate of 10 °C min⁻¹, where combustion is most stable, the comprehensive combustion efficiencies reach their maximum at 4.7 × 10⁻⁶ and 2.2 × 10⁻⁶ mg²min⁻¹°C⁻², respectively. The K and Cl concentrations in the ash decrease steadily with increasing temperature, falling to 10.3% and 0.41% for water hyacinth and 11.1% and 1.85% for P. stratiotes, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD)shows that abundant Ca minerals form in the ash after the addition of CaO, which inhibit KCl formation, and K and Al silicates form in the ash after the addition of kaoline, which reserve K in the ash. These findings provide a starting point for the development of efficient aquatic biomass combustion.     

改进的一阶弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分解法

本文对董良国、马在田等人发表在<地球物理学报>上的一阶弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分解法一文进行了差分格式的改进.发现原文对一阶空间导数采用2N阶差分精度,而对高阶导数却采用简单的中心差分,即对同一方程中的各阶导数的处理存在有的采用高阶格式、有的采用低阶格式的不一致性问题,本文的改进点正是消除了这种不一致性,建立了时间和空间均为四阶精度的差分格式.该方法具有编程简便、易于计算机实现和精度较高的特点.     

钢筋笼长度检测技术现状及展望

详细介绍了电磁波法、声波法、瞬变电磁感应法、磁法和电法的灌注桩中钢筋笼无损长度检测地球物理方法,并对每一种方法进行了评价.提出了磁测井法和电测井法是目前可靠和实用的钢筋笼长度无损地球物理检测方法.鉴于检测前需要在桩旁或桩中钻孔导致检测速度慢、检测费用高,使得钢筋笼长度无损地球物理检测大规模实施困难,建议利用电法中的二极装置开展在地面上能进行钢筋笼长度检测方法的研究.     

大庆台网观测效果分析与振动事件研究

应用周期－频度谱和复查分析等方法对大庆台网观测资料进行详细研究，从而取得了对台网的监测能力，其些小事件的性质等问题的明确认识。     

东北地区浅源中强震及深震与西太平洋板块俯冲

本文研究了１９９０年以来东北地区的浅源中强震和深震的相关关系，还讨论了板块俯冲对东北地区的影响，结果表明，东北地区浅源地震与深源地震存在着相关活动的特点。     

长江三峡工程区微震的观测与研究

通过长江三峡库首区沿江段、盐关和仙女山断裂带３个小孔径台网近３年的地震强化观测，发现该地区同时存在着天然地震和矿山地震。其中黄陵背斜轴部结晶花岗岩体内没有观测到极微震活动；西缘秭归香溪至龙马溪一带存在着百余次微震，最高震级为ＭＬ２．５级盐关地震，与这一带的矿山开采有关；东缘宜昌石门附近也分布有数次微震；在黄陵背斜外围区域分布着若干３～４级（ＭＬ）弱震。这些地震的发生基本上反映了该地区的弱活动构造格局     

A semi-empirical formula for evaluating residual strain of soils under earthquake loading

A new semi-empirical formula for evaluating the residual strain of soils under earthquake loading is presented in this paper based on the incremental method and the increment model proposed by the authors. When the incident loading is uniform, the results calculated by the new formula are nearly the same as those by the existing formula. For excitation of the random earthquake loading, the results calculated by the new formula are compared to the results obtained by dynamic triaxial tests. The dynamic triaxial tests had been performed considering different seismic waves, confining stresses,consolidation ratios, and types of cohesive soils. The comparison between the calculated and tested results indicate that the presented formula can efficiently and practically describe the time-dependent process of the soil residual strains under actual seismic loads.     

黑龙江省新生代火山岩构造环境与地震活动

黑龙江省是中国新生代火山岩广泛分布的地区之一。通过对该省新生代火山岩构造环境的分析指出，本省西部火山岩区为大陆板内裂谷环境，地慢上隆、底辟是裂谷形成火山与地震活动的主要原因，而东部火山岩区火山与地震活动的动力则主要来自西太平洋板块对欧亚板块的俯冲作用。