Temporal and spatial changes of blue water and green water in the Taihang Mountain Region,China, in the past 60 years

ABSTRACT

Appropriate allocation of limited freshwater resources to humans and ecosystems is an important issue hampering sustainable development in mountainous regions. The Taihang Mountain Region (TMR), including the Yellow and Hai river basins, is an important water source area for the North China Plain. The distributed hydrological model Water and Energy transfer Processes in Large river basins (WEP-L) was used to simulate the water cycle processes and to summarize the temporal and spatial changes in the blue and green water in the TMR from 1956 to 2015. The results show that in the period 2011–2015 the annual average blue water decreased by 7.31 × 10⁹ m³, while the annual average green water increased by 13.60 × 10⁹ m³ compared to 1956–1960. At the inter-annual time scale, the blue water exhibited a downward trend while the green water exhibited an upward trend. The amount of seasonal blue water in the TMR is ranked in descending order: summer, autumn, spring and winter, while for green water, the rank is summer, spring, autumn and winter. The amounts of blue and green water are higher on the windward than on the leeward slopes. The blue water yield is generally higher in forests and grasslands than in farmland, while the green water exhibits the opposite response. A greater emphasis should be placed on the widening gap between blue water and green water due to climate warming, and on soil and water conservation measures.     

Radiation energy flux of Dirac field of static spherically symmetric black holes

By the statistical entropy of the Dirac field of the static spherically symmetric black hole, the result is obtained that the radiation energy flux of the black hole is proportional to the quartic of the temperature of its event horizon. That is, the thermal radiation of the black hole always satisfies the generalised Stenfan--Boltzmann law. The derived generalised Stenfan--Boltzmann coefficient is no longer a constant. When the cut-off distance and the thin film thickness are both fixed, it is a proportional coefficient related to the space--time metric near the event horizon and the average radial effusion velocity of the radiation particles from the thin film. Finally, the radiation energy fluxes and the radiation powers of the Schwarzschild black hole and the Reissner--Nordstrõm black hole are derived, separately.     

德令哈地震台测震干扰频谱特征及背景分析

通过3个台站地脉动频谱特征的对比,发现德令哈地震台地脉动记录6.5-7.5 Hz频段存在明显的高频干扰.根据2008年1月至2010年10月以来该高频干扰的频谱演化规律,对其产生背景来源做初步分析,在一定程度上解释了德令哈地震台P波记录个数减少的原因.     

KZWY91—1000型钻孔瓦斯压力测定仪的应用

通过对山西省云台山5次瓦斯测压试验,系统介绍了钻孔瓦斯压力测定仪的结构、工作原理和测试程序。并从测压泥浆质量管理、提高封孔效果和把握卸压环节总结出一整套测试经验。分析了测试原理、各主要部件性能、成功率高低、经济效益等。     

《云南省人口地图集》编制特色

利用地图空间定位表示人口的分布、结构是中国近些年随着人口发展和人口与资源、环境矛盾的日益尖锐才逐步受到重视的。云南人口的地理分布有其特殊性。《云南省人口地图集》依据云南客观实际, 较好地表现了云南人口的共性与地域差异性, 从内容表示, 编制方法, 符号设计, 色彩应用等多方面与其它人口地图或地图集相比有其鲜明特色, 因而着重对此作了概括介绍。     

沉积微相控制下储层分类评价及预测

鄂尔多斯盆地环西—彭阳南段地区长8段沉积以辫状河三角洲平原为主,其储层品质明显受沉积微相控制。基于岩芯观察、薄片观察、压汞及常规测井等资料分析,将研究区长8段划分为5个小层,并对其辫状河三角洲平原沉积储层特征进行了精细研究。结果表明,研究区主要发育分流河道、越岸、分流间湾三种微相,其中分流河道构成了主要的砂体骨架,呈南西—北东向分布。分流河道砂体物性最好,越岸沉积物性次之,分流间湾物性最差。与之相对应,研究区储层可划分为I、II、III、IV四种类型,其中储层质量最好的I型主要位于河道中部,质量最差的IV型对应分流间湾。试油资料也进一步证实沉积微相控制研究区储层质量的差异,基于沉积微相的平面展布可实现储层平面分布规律预测。研究成果可为后续沉积储层精细评价乃至油气勘探开发综合研究奠定基础。     

云开地区中生代成矿地质背景及成矿动力学机制研究

文章通过对云开地区地质构造,矿床时空分布以及中生代花岗岩类岩石的岩石学及地球化学特征的综合研究,认为区内中生代岩石圈构造经历了二叠－三叠纪之间的碰撞挤压,侏罗纪的构造转换及白垩纪的拉张伸展3个阶段的演化过程,大规模成矿作用受控于燕山早期岩石圈的构造转换及燕山晚期的拉张伸展的岩石圈动力学背景。     

京津冀大暴雨个例中尺度诊断分析

利用NCEP再分析资料、地面加密降水资料、雷达资料,采用Shuman-Shapiro滤波方案对2005年8月16日京津冀大暴雨的大尺度流场和中尺度系统进行诊断分析。分析表明：暴雨发生在高低空流场及中低纬系统配置非常有利的天气背景下,是多种尺度天气系统相互作用的结果;在对流性不稳定层结中,冷空气沿等熵面侵入到中尺度辐合系统中,激发了中尺度低涡的迅速发展,在孟加拉湾和南海源源不断输送的水汽配合下,导致了暴雨的发生;中β尺度对流雨团发生在滤波后1000hPa等压面的低涡中心北侧和850hPa中α尺度辐合线南侧,呈现暖式切变的降雨特征。