基于水淘选分级的长江口及邻近海域表层沉积物中磷的形态分布和迁移转化

磷是一种重要的生源要素,在河口、边缘海的初级生产中发挥重要作用,了解沉积物中磷的形态分布和迁移转化有助于深入了解该区域生态系统动力学。于2013年3月在长江口及邻近海域采集了表层沉积物样品,利用水淘选方法对沉积物进行了分级,并采用化学连续提取法分析了未分级和分级沉积物样品中的6种磷形态含量:可交换态磷、活性有机磷、铁结合态磷、自生磷灰石磷、碎屑磷和难分解有机磷,讨论了该区域沉积物中磷的形态分布、选择性输运过程和迁移转化。沉积物中总磷含量在14.0~18.4 μmol/g,其中碎屑磷是其主要成分,占54.5%,其次是有机磷和难分解有机磷,分别占到15.1%和13.1%。不同粒级沉积物中磷形态含量不同,可交换态磷、活性有机磷、铁结合态磷、自生磷灰石磷和难分解有机磷随粒级增加含量逐渐降低,而碎屑磷主要集中在粗粒级（大于32 μm）沉积物中。基于各粒级磷形态的质量分布,发现小于32 μm粒级的沉积物中各磷形态含量从长江口向浙闽沿岸逐渐增加,向外海方向逐渐减小,而大于32 μm沉积物的变化趋势与此相反,体现了不同形态磷的选择性输运。随粒径增大,总有机碳对有机磷比值（TOC/Or-P）先降低后升高,在大粒级沉积物中,TOC/Or-P比值较高主要是因为陆源有机碳贡献较高,而在小粒级沉积物中,主要是由于有机磷的迁移和转化更为活跃,体现了细颗粒物中有机磷相对有机碳的优先分解。本研究表明,从分级的角度可以对河口、边缘海的磷循环有一个更全面的认识。     

南海东北部冷泉区沉积物中有机质来源的生物标志物分析与环境指示意义

Multi-biomarker indexes were analyzed for two piston cores from potential cold seep areas of the South China Sea off southwestern Taiwan. Total organic carbon(TOC) normalized terrestrial(n-alkanes) and marine(brassicasterol, dinosterol, alkenones and iso-GDGTs) biomarker contents and ratios(TMBR, 1/Pmar-aq, BIT) were used to evaluate the contributions of terrestrial and marine organic matter(TOM and MOM respectively) to the sedimentary organic matter, indicating that MOM dominated the organic sources in Core MD052911 and the sedimentary organic matter in Core ORI-_(86)0-22 was mainly derived from terrestrial inputs, and different morphologies were the likely reason for TOM percentage differences. BIT results suggested that river-transported terrestrial soil organic matter was not a major source of TOM of sedimentary organic matter around these settings.Diagnostic biomarkers for methane-oxidizing archaea(MOA) were only detected in one sample at 172 cm depth of Core ORI-_(86)0-22, with abnormally high iso-GDGTs content and Methane Index(MI) value(0.94). These results indicated high anaerobic oxidation of methane(AOM) activities at or around 172 cm in Core ORI-_(86)0-22.However in Core MD052911, MOA biomarkers were not detected and MI values were lower(0.19–0.38), indicated insignificant contributions of iso-GDGTs from methanotrophic archaea and the absence of significant AOM activities. Biomarker results thus indicated that the discontinuous upward methane seepage and insufficient methane flux could not induce high AOM activities in our sampling sites. In addition, the different patterns of TEX_(86) and U_(37)~(K′) temperature in two cores suggested that AOM activities affected TEX_(86)37 temperature estimates with lower values in Core ORI-_(86)0-22, but not significantly on TEX_(86) temperature estimates in Core MD052911.     

深海热液区管状蠕虫Ridgeia piscesae β型半乳糖凝集素的克隆与功能研究

Lectins are sugar-specific binding proteins or glycoproteins that play important physiological roles in cellular recognition and regulation. And they are also valuable in medicine and pharmacy. Tubeworm is the representative species around the hydrothermal vent in the deep sea. They have developed unique mechanisms to adapt to the harsh environment. In this study, a 1 092 bp c DNA, designed as rpgal, was first cloned and characterized from the tubeworm Ridgeia piscesae. Sequence analysis showed that RPGAL had low homology with the known galectin. And it had two homologous carbohydrate-recognition domains, which is the characteristic of the tandem-repeat type galectins. The RPGAL was successfully recombinant expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Analysis of biological activity revealed that RPGAL was metal ion independent and it could agglutinate all the vertebrate erythrocytes tested. It was stable at 10–50°C and p H 5–10. And the hemagglutinating activity of RPGAL was strongly inhibited by D-Lactose and lipopolysaccharide. Although RPGAL had no effect on the microorganisms tested, it showed anti-tumor activity towards He La cells and HT1080 cells, which was accomplished by apoptosis. The study demonstrated that RPGAL was a novel galectin and provided a potential candidate for therapy of anti-tumor.     

凯氏拟小球藻己糖激酶基因的克隆及其在不同培养条件下的表达分析

为研究凯氏拟小球藻(Parachlorellakessleri)糖代谢分子机制,本研究采用RT-PCR和RACE技术从凯氏拟小球藻中克隆了己糖激酶基因CkeHK(GenBankID:AHF54566),并对其自养、异养、混养条件下的转录表达进行分析。结果表明,该序列的cDNA全长为1844bp,开放阅读框1389bp,编码462个氨基酸。该蛋白的相对分子质量为49.73,等电点为6.98。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,以自养培养条件为对照,异养培养和混养培养条件下,CkeHK均能够发生明显上调,且混养条件下上调量比异养条件下上调量更多,说明CkeHK可能在凯氏拟小球藻利用外源糖的过程发挥重要作用,并且光信号对于凯氏拟小球藻利用外源糖可能存在调控作用。这些研究结果为进一步阐明CkeHK的功能及其作用机制奠定了分子基础。     

海底边界层溶解氧通量原位观测技术方法研究

海底边界层是溶质和悬浮颗粒物在海床与水体间交换的重要场所,也是沉积物质的主要成岩作用区,对海洋、湖泊有着重要的生物、化学、地质学意义。底栖溶解氧消耗速率是评估早期碳矿化作用的重要指示剂,也是研究元素循环周转的重要指标。溶解氧通量原位监测技术是获取底栖溶解氧消耗速率、了解化学物质输运机制,进而研究底栖生态系统、环境污染影响、生物地球化学进程的重要手段。针对传统溶解氧观测方法在效率和准确度上的局限性,介绍了目前底边界层原位氧通量测量技术的发展现状,对包括底栖培养室、微电极剖面、涡动相关技术和平面光极系统在内的观测特点进行了对比分析,讨论了各自的不足与局限,提出了今后需要关注的改进方向。     

改进型中心管模型能量转换性能试验及样机设计

为了提高中心管振荡水柱波浪能利用技术能量转换效率,基于新的认识和目前常用的2.4米导航灯标,对中心管尾部设计了三种模型并在造波水槽中进行能量转换性能试验。试验结果表明:直管型中心管俘获宽度比最高达到了70.25%,但通频带宽度窄;加长喇叭口型中心管略好于喇叭口型中心管;在喷咀比为0.02条件下,加长喇叭口型中心管浮体有较高双峰俘获宽度比,波峰为40.0%,波谷为31.6%,通频带宽,为随机波下高效转换创造了条件。最高俘获宽度比和双峰通频带特性实验数据结果都优于历史文献值。根据试验数据对一些适合小型海洋仪器供电的样机进行了设计,设计的样机具有较高的性价比。     

Third-Order Stokes Wave Solutions of the Free Surface Capillary-Gravity Wave and the Interfacial Internal Wave

Based on the Stokes wave theory, the capillary-gravity wave and the interfacial internal wave in two-layer constant depth''s fluid system are investigated. The fluids are assumed to be incompressible, inviscid and irrotational. The third-order Stokes wave solutions are given by using a perturbation method. The results indicate that the third-order solutions depend on the surface tension, the density and the depth of each layer. As expected, the first-order solutions are the linear theoretical results (the small amplitude wave theoretical results). The second-order and the third-order solutions describe the nonlinear modification and the nonlinear interactions. The nonlinear impact appears not only in the n (n≥2) times'' high frequency components, but also in the low frequency components. It is also noted that the wave velocity depends on the wave number, depth, wave amplitude and surface tension.     

SAR与光学影像融合增强方法和效果分析

基于Radarsat-2全极化SAR、GF-1多光谱、Landsat-8多光谱影像,利用PCA变换、HSV变换等方法,分析了同空间分辨率的SAR与光学全色影像的信息量,并评价了其分别与Landsat-8多光谱影像的融合结果。结果表明:全极化SAR影像较全色影像的亮度高,图像标准差、信息熵及平均梯度总体趋于一致,信息量相当;融合影像目视效果相近,且SAR融合影像较光学融合影像包含的信息量更为丰富,利用高分全极化SAR影像替代光学全色影像开展海岸带遥感监测是可行的。     

基于生态敏感性和生态系统服务的黑河中游生态功能区划与生态系统管理

生态功能区划是协调生态保护与经济发展的矛盾、实施区域生态系统管理的重要途径。以黑河中游为研究区,基于基础地理信息数据、自然地理数据和土地覆被数据（1986、1995、2000、2010、2011年）,在生态敏感性和生态系统服务重要性分析的基础上,以最小子流域为基本单元,运用二阶聚类法进行生态功能区划;并依据主导生态系统服务对研究区进行分区管理与生态调控。得出结论：（1）黑河中游生态系统类型以荒漠、草地和农田为主,占总面积的90%;森林、水域、城镇与农村居民点零星分布,所占面积不到10%;1986-2010年,农田经历了减少-扩张-再减少的变化,但城镇与农村居民点一直呈现扩张趋势;（2）西北部生态敏感性明显高于东南部,其中极敏感区（约占24%）主要位于张掖-临泽-高台平原北侧、合黎山、祁连山山前戈壁与荒漠、肃南明花区;高度敏感区（约占58%）分布于走廊中部冲洪积平原;（3）各生态系统服务重要性空间分布格局具有一定的相似性,非常重要和极重要综合服务功能区约占3.2%,位于走廊中部的黑河干流缓冲区内;中等和一般重要地区约占20%,分布在山丹和民乐境内祁连山、焉支山、龙首山附近;（4）黑河中游可分为祁连山森林草地生态区、走廊冲洪积平原农田生态区和走廊北部平原灌丛荒漠生态区3个生态区8个生态功能区,依其主导生态系统服务分为生态保育区、生态协调区和生态控制区3类,进而提出了对应的生态系统管理措施。     

Fluid Inclusions and Hydrogen,Oxygen, and Lead Isotopes of the Antuoling Molybdenum Deposit,Northern Taihang Mountains,China

The Antuoling Mo deposit is a major porphyry‐type deposit in the polymetallic metallogenic belt of the northern Taihang Mountains, China. The processes of mineralization in this deposit can be divided into three stages: an early quartz–pyrite stage, a middle quartz–polymetallic sulfide stage, and a late quartz–carbonate stage. Four types of primary fluid inclusions are found in the deposit: two‐phase aqueous inclusions, daughter‐mineral‐bearing multiphase inclusions, CO₂–H₂O inclusions, and pure CO₂ inclusions. From the early to the late ore‐forming stages, the homogenization temperatures of the fluid inclusions are 300 to >500°C, 270–425°C, and 195–330°C, respectively, with salinities of up to 50.2 wt%, 5.3–47.3 wt%, and 2.2–10.4 wt% NaCl equivalent, revealing that the ore‐forming fluids changed from high temperature and high salinity to lower temperature and lower salinity. Moreover, based on the laser Raman spectra, the compositions of the fluid inclusions evolved from the NaCl–CO₂–H₂O to the NaCl–H₂O system. The δ¹⁸O_H2O and δD values of quartz in the deposit range from +3.9‰ to +7.0‰ and ?117.5‰ to ?134.2‰, respectively, reflecting the δD of local meteoric water after oxygen isotopic exchange with host rocks. The Pb isotope values of the sulfides (²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 36.320–37.428; ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 15.210–15.495; ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 16.366–17.822) indicate that the ore‐forming materials originated from a mixed upper mantle–lower crust source.