农业生态地质环境研究中生物─水文地球化学方法──以华北平原沧州金丝小枣主产区为例

土壤溶液既是养分,又是养分载体,在养分由岩土→水（土壤溶液）→植物体系统中起着中介的作用,本文以金丝小枣所需养分供、输、耗系统为主线,采用生物─水文地球化学方法,通过分析计算输入系数、配比系数、吸收系数等一系列生物─水文地球化学参数,探讨地质环境影响枣林品质的作用机制,即地质环境的农业生态效应机制。     

Interpretation of sea surface wind interannual vector EOFs over the China seas

Using interpolation and averaging methods, we analyzed the sea surface wind data obtained from December 1992 to November 2008 by the scatterometers ERS-1, ERS-2, and QuikSCAT in the area of 2°N–39 °N, 105°E–130°E, and we reported the monthly mean distributions of the sea surface wind field. A vector empirical orthogonal function (VEOF) method was employed to study the data and three temporal and spatial patterns were obtained. The first interannual VEOF accounts for 26% of the interannual variance and displays the interannual variability of the East Asian monsoon. The second interannual VEOF accounts for 21% of the variance and reflects the response of China sea winds to El Niño events. The temporal mode of VEOF-2 is in good agreement with the curve of the Niño 3.4 index with a four-month lag. The spatial mode of VEOF-2 indicates that four months after an El Niño event, the southwesterly anomalous winds over the northern South China Sea, the East China Sea, the Yellow Sea, and the Bohai Sea can weaken the prevailing winds in winter, and can strengthen the prevailing winds in summer. The third interannual VEOF accounts for 10% of the variance and also reflects the influence of the ENSO events to China Sea winds. The temporal mode of VEOF-3 is similar to the curve of the Southern Oscillation Index. The spatial mode of VEOF-3 shows that the northeasterly anomalous winds over the South China Sea and the southern part of the East China Sea can weaken the prevailing winds, and southwesterly anomalous winds over the northern part of the East China Sea, the Yellow Sea, and the Bohai Sea can strengthen the prevailing winds when El Niño occurs in winter. If El Niño happens in summer, the reverse is true.     

2006年上半年全国生态气象监测与评估研究

为了对2006年上半年全国生态环境进行以气象条件为主要驱动因子的监测与评估,研究创建了基于植被第一性生产力（NPP）估算的生态气象监测与评估指数（EMI）模型。通过计算生态气象指数、划分生态气象等级,进行生态气象监测与评估。2006年上半年全国大部地区生态气象条件较差,平均生态气象优劣评价指数仅为-30;生态气象等级好、中、差的比例大约为2：45：53。对我国生态及生产起重要作用的林地、草灌、农田的生态气象等级在中等以上的面积较2005年上半年显著减少。1—6月平均生态气象指数在逐月降低,虽处于正常等级范围之内,但5、6月份处于临界状态已接近较差等级。其主要原因是持续干旱和低温冷害的影响,多起森林与草原火灾和大范围高频度的沙尘天气与生态状况互为因果。所构建的生态气象监测评估模型,有良好的理论基础和科技含量,也有较好的时空分辨能力,可以进行生态气象定量监测和评价,监测与评估结果科学、客观、合理,能够反映气象条件对生态环境的作用。     

基于C/S模式的气象资料自动下载系统

我国各级气象台站主要应用PCVSAT单收站系统接收气象卫星广播资料,单收站系统一但发生故障就会影响气象资料的正常接收,导致气象资料缺失。为了确保在单收站设备发生故障时也能及时、完整地接收气象资料,应用计算机编程技术开发了一套气象资料自动下载系统。系统基于现代化的宽带网络传输体系,采用客户机/服务器(C/S)模式构建,当单收站系统发生故障时,应用该系统可以及时、快速、完整地补全缺失的气象资料,没有安装单收站的气象资料用户也可以应用该系统实时接收气象资料。     

Response of internal waves to 2005 Typhoon Damrey over the northwestern shelf of the South China Sea

Continuous observation of sea water temperature and current was made at Wenchang Station (19°35′N, 112°E) in 2005. The data collected indicate vigorous internal waves of both short periods and tidal and near-inertial periods. The temperature and current time series during 18-30 September were examined to describe the upper ocean internal wave field response to Typhoon Damrey (0518). The strong wind associated with the typhoon, which passed over the sea area about 45 km south of Wenchang Sta- tion on 25 September, deepened the mixed layer depth remarkably. It decreased the mixed layer temperature while increasing the deep layer temperature, and intensified the near-inertial and high-frequency fluctuations of temperature and current. Power spectra of temperature and current time series indicate significant deviations from those obtained by using the deep ocean internal wave models characterized by a power law. The frequency spectra were dominated by three energetic bands: around the inertial frequency (7.75× 10-6 Hz), tidal frequencies (1.010-25 to 2.4×10-5 Hz), and between 1.4×10-4 and 8.3 × 10-4 Hz. Dividing the field data into three phases (before, during and after the typhoon), we found that the typhoon enhanced the kinetic energy in nearly all the frequency bands, es- pecially in the surface water. The passage of Damrey made a major contribution to the horizontal kinetic energy of the total surface current variances. The vertical energy density distribution, with its peak value at the surface, was an indication that the energy in- jected by the strong wind into the surface current could penetrate downward to the thermocline.     

CINRAD/SA Build 10新一代天气雷达软件系统的开发研制

CINRAD/SA雷达软件系统第10版（CINRAD Build 10）是北京敏视达公司为CINRAD/SA雷达系统开发研制的最新版软件系统.CINRAD Build 10软件系统对CINRAD Build 7软件系统进行了全面升级改造,CINRADBuild 7软件系统的缺陷错误得到改进,功能得到增强,特别是数据处理和气象产品生成算法全面更新为NEXRADBuild 10算法.CINRAD Build 10软件系统,无论是稳定性,还是生成气象产品的质量,以及软件的系统功能和易用性都有很大提高.     

挖沙降河与黄河的治理

挖沙降河是减沙入海沉沙的治河方法，它可以充分开发黄河的水沙资源，改良黄河三角洲的生态环境。此方法在技术上可行，经济上效益高，是黄河三角洲经济向良性循环发展的良好决策。     

Soil bacterial functional diversity as influenced by cadmium,phenanthrene and degrade bacteria application

There are increasing concerns over compound pollution in northeast of China and its bioremediation. Cd, Phe, degradation bacteria W.J and their combination on soil microbial community function were assessed with the BIOLOG method. The microbial community was extracted from the soil with different treatments. Average color development, richness, Shannon–Weaver index, and principal component analysis on OD standardized data were performed. The results showed that soil microbial metabolic diversity in CK was significantly higher than that in the soils in which Cd, Phe, W.J or their combination was added. It indicated that Cd, Phe has significantly negative effect on the sole-carbon-source metabolic ability of soil microbial communities, particularly when both of them were present. Application of degradation bacteria incubation makes soil microbial communities same as control except for the significant decrease in 4-hydroxy benzoic acid, l-serine, glucose-1-phosphate metabolism. It shows that the incubate application has a considerably effect in soil communities reversion.     

利用T213物理量“垂叠法”模型制作沙澧河上游关键区面雨量预报

利用沙澧河流域上游关键区2003-2006年6-8月降水资料和同时段T213产品中预报产品,分析了关键区强降水发生前24h T213产品中比湿、相对湿度、水汽通量、水汽通量散度、假相当位温、垂直速度等物理量垂直空间结构特征,并根据不同特征,构建T213物理量"垂叠法"暴雨和大雨预报模型,对沙澧河流域上游关键区分别作大雨以上(面雨量≥20mm)和暴雨以上(面雨量≥40mm)强降水预报。通过检验和试用,该预报模型对2007-2009年6-8月沙澧河流域上游关键区面雨量≥20mm强降水预报准确率平均达54.2%,对面雨量≥40mm强降水预报准确率平均为38.9%。     

Permeability control and flood risk assessment of urban underlying surface: a case study of Runcheng south area,Kunming

Natural Hazards - Because of climate change and rapid urbanization, urban impervious underlying surfaces have expanded, causing Chinese cities to become strongly affected by flood disasters....