全文获取类型
收费全文 | 348篇 |
免费 | 27篇 |
国内免费 | 10篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 5篇 |
大气科学 | 47篇 |
地球物理 | 81篇 |
地质学 | 152篇 |
海洋学 | 14篇 |
天文学 | 68篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
自然地理 | 15篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 1篇 |
2022年 | 4篇 |
2021年 | 4篇 |
2020年 | 4篇 |
2019年 | 9篇 |
2018年 | 12篇 |
2017年 | 19篇 |
2016年 | 20篇 |
2015年 | 17篇 |
2014年 | 19篇 |
2013年 | 20篇 |
2012年 | 23篇 |
2011年 | 24篇 |
2010年 | 22篇 |
2009年 | 25篇 |
2008年 | 26篇 |
2007年 | 13篇 |
2006年 | 14篇 |
2005年 | 8篇 |
2004年 | 13篇 |
2003年 | 14篇 |
2002年 | 16篇 |
2001年 | 7篇 |
2000年 | 6篇 |
1999年 | 7篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有385条查询结果,搜索用时 248 毫秒
101.
The study of the interaction of mud-flows with obstacles is important to define inundation zones in urban areas and to design the possible structural countermeasures. The paper numerically investigates the impact of a mud-flow on rigid obstacles to evaluate the force acting on them using two different depth-integrated theoretical models, Single-Phase Model(SPM) and Two-Phase Model(TPM), to compare their performance and limits. In the first one the water-sediment mixture is represented as a homogeneous continuum described by a shearthinning power-law rheology. Alternatively, the twophase model proposed by Di Cristo et al in 2016 is used, which separately accounts for the liquid and solid phases. The considered test cases are represented by a 1D landslide flowing on a steep slope impacting on a rigid wall and a 2D mud dam-break flowing on a horizontal bottom in presence of single and multiple rigid obstacles. In the 1D test case, characterized by a very steep slope, the Two-Phase Model predicts the separation between the two phases with a significant longitudinal variation of the solid concentration. In this case the results indicate appreciable differences between the two models in the estimation of both the wave celerity and the magnitude of the impact, with an overestimation of the peak force when using the Single-Phase Model. In the 2D test-cases, where the liquid and solid phases remain mixed, even if the flow fields predicted by the two models present some differences, the essential features of the interaction with the obstacles, along with the maximum impact force, are comparable. 相似文献
102.
Marco Patacci Mattia Marini Fabrizio Felletti Andrea Di Giulio Massimo Setti William McCaffrey 《Sedimentology》2020,67(5):2625-2644
The partitioning of different grain-size classes in gravity flow deposits is one of the key characteristics used to infer depositional processes. Turbidites have relatively clean sandstones with most of their clay deposited as part of a mudstone cap or as a distal mudstone layer, whereas sand-bearing debrites commonly comprise mixtures of sand grains and interstitial clay; hybrid event beds develop alternations of clean and dirty (clay-rich) sandstones in varying proportions. Analysis of co-genetic mudstone caps in terms of thickness and composition is a novel approach that can provide new insight into gravity flow depositional processes. Bed thickness data from the ponded Castagnola system show that turbidites contain more clay overall than do hybrid event beds. The Castagnola system is characterized by deposits of two very different petrographic types. Thanks to this duality, analyses of sandstone and mudstone composition allow inference of which proportion of the clay in each of the deposit types was acquired en route. In combination with standard sedimentological observations the new data allow insight into the likely characteristics of their parent flows. Clean turbidites were deposited by lower concentration, long duration, erosive, muddy turbidity currents which were more efficient at fractionating clay particles away from their basal layer. Hybrid event beds were deposited by shorter duration, higher-concentration, less-erosive sandier flows which were less efficient at clay fractionation. The results are consistent with data from other turbidite systems (for example, Marnoso-arenacea). The approach represents a new method to infer the controls on the degree of clay partitioning in gravity flow deposits. 相似文献
103.
Federica Fava Massimo Ponti Alice Scinto Barbara Calcinai Carlo Cerrano 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009
Indo-Pacific coral reefs are considered among the most complex and biodiversified ecosystems in the world. Their existence is threatened by both natural and anthropogenic factors. Therefore, the assessment of anthropogenic disturbances is necessary to protect and manage these marine natural resources. In Bunaken Marine Park (North Sulawesi, Indonesia) epibenthic assemblages and coral rubble features at four impacted sites (each of them located close to villages and frequently exploited as recreational diving spots), and four well preserved sites (far from villages and scarcely frequented by divers), were investigated at 6, 12 and 18 m depth, in order to identify possible reef modifications. The assemblages were sampled by way of photographs. Coral rubble cover was estimated both by way of photographs and along belt transects, while grain size and the living fraction of the coral rubble were assessed by direct samples. The data showed significant differences between the study sites and between depths with regard to human activity. The hard coral cover and the assemblage heterogeneity are higher in control sites than in the impacted site where, especially in shallow water, the mechanical damage can strongly affect the assemblage structure. 相似文献
104.
105.
Buoyancy controls the ability of magma to rise, its ascent rate and the style of the eruptions. Geophysical, geological and petrological data have been integrated to evaluate the buoyancy of magmas at Mt Etna. The density difference between host rocks and magmas is mainly related to the amount of H2O dissolved in the magma and to the bubble‐liquid separation processes. In the depth interval 22–2 km b.s.l. highly hydrated (H2O ~ 3%) basaltic magmas or mixtures of bubbles + liquid have positive buoyancy and rise rapidly. Conversely, bubble‐depleted liquids, with an intermediate H2O content (~ 1.5%), having neutral buoyancy, will spread out and form magmatic reservoirs at different depths until cooling/crystallization further modify composition and density. These different processes account for the magma compositions, location of magmatic reservoirs as determined by geophysical methods, and the complex eruptive cycles (slow effusions, fire fountains and Plinian eruptions) that have been observed in the history of the volcano. 相似文献
106.
Massimo Marengo eljko Ivezi Gillian R. Knapp 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,324(4):1117-1130
We analyse the differences in infrared circumstellar dust emission between oxygen-rich Mira and non-Mira stars, and find that they are statistically significant. In particular, we find that these stars segregate in the K–[12] versus [12]–[25] colour–colour diagram, and have distinct properties of the IRAS LRS spectra, including the peak position of the silicate emission feature. We show that the infrared emission from the majority of non-Mira stars cannot be explained within the context of standard steady-state outflow models.
The models can be altered to fit the data for non-Mira stars by postulating non-standard optical properties for silicate grains, or by assuming that the dust temperature at the inner envelope radius is significantly lower (300–400 K) than typical silicate grain condensation temperatures (800–1000 K) . We argue that the latter is more probable and provide detailed model fits to the IRAS LRS spectra for 342 stars. These fits imply that two-thirds of non-Mira stars and one-third of Mira stars do not have hot dust (>500 K) in their envelopes.
The absence of hot dust can be interpreted as a recent (∼100 yr) decrease in the mass-loss rate. The distribution of best-fitting model parameters agrees with this interpretation and strongly suggests that the mass loss resumes on similar time-scales. Such a possibility appears to be supported by a number of spatially resolved observations (e.g. recent Hubble Space Telescope images of the multiple shells in the Egg Nebula) and is consistent with new dynamical models for mass loss on the asymptotic giant branch. 相似文献
The models can be altered to fit the data for non-Mira stars by postulating non-standard optical properties for silicate grains, or by assuming that the dust temperature at the inner envelope radius is significantly lower (300–400 K) than typical silicate grain condensation temperatures (800–1000 K) . We argue that the latter is more probable and provide detailed model fits to the IRAS LRS spectra for 342 stars. These fits imply that two-thirds of non-Mira stars and one-third of Mira stars do not have hot dust (>500 K) in their envelopes.
The absence of hot dust can be interpreted as a recent (∼100 yr) decrease in the mass-loss rate. The distribution of best-fitting model parameters agrees with this interpretation and strongly suggests that the mass loss resumes on similar time-scales. Such a possibility appears to be supported by a number of spatially resolved observations (e.g. recent Hubble Space Telescope images of the multiple shells in the Egg Nebula) and is consistent with new dynamical models for mass loss on the asymptotic giant branch. 相似文献
107.
Folco Giacomini Roberto Braga Massimo Tiepolo Riccardo Tribuzio 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2007,153(1):29-53
Gabbro and eclogite boudins are preserved within the amphibolites of the composite para- and ortho-gneiss Variscan basement of the Savona Crystalline Massif (Ligurian Briançonnais, Italy). Whole rock trace element patterns, low initial εNd (+5.4 to +8.8) data and trace element analyses on relict igneous clinopyroxene revealed that the mafic rocks were derived from depleted mantle melts, which most likely underwent crustal contamination during emplacement. Gabbros have a cumulus origin controlled by clinopyroxene and plagioclase segregation, whereas the eclogites represent evolved melts. U-Pb and trace element micro-analyses on zircons separated from one amphibolitised gabbro and one eclogite help to constrain coeval ages at ~468 Ma for their igneous protoliths. The occurrence of a few inherited zircons confirms the involvement of a crustal component in the petrogenesis of the mafic rocks. In the eclogite, concordant zircon ages younger than the protolith age testify to metamorphic re-crystallisation (or new growth) from about 420 to 305 Ma. Zircon textures and trace element compositions indicate that eclogite facies metamorphism occurred 392–376 Ma ago. The younger zircon portions yielding a mean Concordia age of 333 ± 7 Ma are related to equilibration or new growth during the post-eclogite, amphibolite-facies equilibration. 相似文献
108.
The influence of streambed sediment clogging on macroinvertebrate communities was investigated in the Lemme creek (NW Italy). To assess how fine sediment accumulation can influence the colonisation process and community composition of macroinvertebrates, we placed 48 traps in the riverbed. The traps consisted of boxes built with metal net (mesh 1 cm, height 15 cm, sides 5 cm) covered with nylon net except for the apex, allowing access exclusively from the top. We created four trap types filled with 100% gravel, 30% sand and 70% gravel, 70% sand and 30% gravel and 100% sand. After 20 and 40 days, we removed 6 traps/type. Macroinvertebrates rapidly colonised the traps, as we found no significant community differences between the two removal dates. Among the four trap types, we found significant differences in taxa number and abundance, which both decreased with increasing clogging. Thus, our study supports the hypothesis that clogging and the accumulation of fine substratum elements strongly affects benthic stream communities. 相似文献
109.
Salvatore Giammanco Massimo Ottaviani Enrico Veschetti 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(12):2523-2547
Data for major, minor and trace elements in groundwaters from Mt. Etna volcano collected in 1994, 1995 and 1997 were analyzed
using Cluster Analysis (CA). Two groups of sampling sites were identified (named clusters A and B), mainly on the basis of
their different salinity and content of dissolved CO2. The highest levels of both of these parameters were observed in the sites of cluster A, located in the lower south-western
and central eastern flanks of the volcano. For both of the statistical groups CA was repeated, taking into account the mean
values of each parameter in time, and the results allowed us to recognize four distinct groups of parameters for each group
of sites on the basis of their temporal patterns. Four different types of temporal patterns were recognized: concave, convex,
increasing, decreasing. The observed changes were basically interpreted as a result of the different response of dissolved
chemical elements to changes in the aqueous environment and/or in their solubility/mobility in water due to different rates
of input of magmatic gases to Etna’s aquifers. The main changes occurred in 1995, when Etna’s volcanic activity resumed after
a two-year period of rest. The temporal changes of the majority of the studied parameters (water temperature, water conductivity,
Eh, pH, Al, Mg, B, Ca, Cl−, Hg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Se, Si, Sr, Cr Zn and pCO2) were not cluster-dependent, therefore they were not apparently affected by differences in water salinity between the two
groups of sampling sites. A limited number of parameters (Ti, K, Li, HCO3−, As, Fe, SO42−, Cu and V), however, manifested different behaviors, depending on the cluster of sites to which they belonged, thus suggesting
their apparent dependency on water salinity. 相似文献
110.
Else-Ragnhild?NeumannEmail author Riccardo?Vannucci Massimo?Tiepolo 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2005,150(2):156-173
Gabbro xenoliths reported in this paper were collected in northern Fuerteventura, the Canary Island located closest to the
coast of Africa. The xenoliths are very fresh and consist of Ti–Al-poor clinopyroxene + plagioclase (An87–67) + olivine (Fo72–86) ± orthopyroxene. Clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene are constantly and markedly depleted in light rare earth elements (LREE)
relative to heavy REE (HREE), as expected for cumulus minerals formed from highly refractory N-MORB-type melts. In contrast,
whole-rock Primordial Mantle-normalized trace element patterns range from mildly S-shaped (mildly depleted in Pr–Sm relative
to both the strongly incompatible elements Rb–La and the HREE) to enriched. Estimates show that the trace element compositions
of the rocks and their minerals are compatible with formation as N-MORB gabbro cumulates, which have been infiltrated at various
extents (≤1% to >5%) by enriched alkali basaltic melts. The enriched material is mainly concentrated along grain boundaries
and cracks through mineral grains, suggesting that the infiltration is relatively recent, and is thus associated with the
Canary Islands magmatism. Our data contradict the hypothesis that a mantle plume was present in this area during the opening
of the Atlantic Ocean. No evidence of continental material that might reflect attenuated continental crust in the area has
been found. Gabbro xenoliths with REE and trace element compositions similar to those exhibited by the Fuerteventura gabbros
are also found among gabbro xenoliths from the islands of La Palma (western Canary Islands) and Lanzarote. The compositions
of the most depleted samples from these islands are closely similar, implying that there was no significant change in chemistry
during the early stages of formation of the Atlantic oceanic crust in this area. Strongly depleted gabbros similar to those
collected in Fuerteventura have also been retrieved in the MARK area along the central Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The presence of
N-MORB oceanic crust beneath Fuerteventura implies that the continent–ocean transition in the Canary Islands area must be
relatively sharp, in contrast to the situation both further north along the coast of Morocco, and along the Iberian peninsula. 相似文献