基于宽频大地电磁法的页岩气探测实践——以川西南沐川地区须家河组为例

四川盆地上三叠统须家河组陆相富有机质页岩较为发育,页岩连续厚度较大,含气性好,有望开辟四川盆地页岩气新区新层系。然而,复杂的人文干扰（城镇密集、人口众多）和较大的埋藏深度（2000~3000m）挑战了页岩气地球物理勘探的精度,这在很大程度上制约了川西南沐川地区三叠系须家河组页岩气的进一步勘探。本文在分析前人研究资料基础上,优选了川西南沐川地区须家河组作为新区新层系的探测目标,根据研究区地质情况,构建理论电性模型,通过正演模拟和“已知”钻孔标定方法试验,确定了宽频大地电磁法的适用性和有效性。进而在重点页岩气远景区部署一条宽频大地电磁剖面,通过数据处理分析,结合地质资料获得了研究区深部电性结构,认为研究区一带地层连续、完整,断裂不发育,具有稳定的地质结构,其中上三叠统须家河组发育较大厚度的富有机质页岩,可作为本区页岩气勘探的新区新层系,具有良好的页岩气、致密气资源前景。同时,证实了在3000m以浅页岩气探测方法中,宽频大地电磁法（BMT）可以有效地识别富有机质页岩规模和空间展布特征,是一种快速、经济、无损有效的页岩气探测方法,可以为页岩气勘探提供先导依据,同时也为同类地质情况页岩气探测提供应用示范。     

Haitaite-(La), LaU4+Fe3+2(Ti13Fe2+4Fe3+)Σ18O38, a New Member of the Crichtonite Group

Haitaite-(La), (La, Ce)(U4+, U6+, Fe2+)(Fe3+, Al)2(Ti, Fe2+, Fe3+)18O38, is a new member of the crichtonite group. It is named after the Haita Village in the Miyi County of Sichuan Province, China, where the mineral was discovered. The mineral occurs as black opaque centimeter-sized aggregates in the external contact zone between the Neoproterozoic (~800 Ma) alkali feldspar granite and the Mesoproterozoic (~1700 Ma) micaschist. In the studied sample, haitaite-(La) is associated with other minerals, including ilmenite, magnetite, rutile, zircon, brannerite and uraninite. The new mineral is a black, metallic phase and has a Mohs hardness of 6, with a density of 4.99 g/cm3 (calculated) and 5.03 g/cm3 (measured). Haitaite-(La) is opaque in transmitted light and grayish-white under reflected light, with a reflectivity between 22.5% and 16.42% in the 400–700 nm band (SiC, in the air). The compositions of the mineral were measured by EPMA, the U4+/U6+ ratio was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio was determined by M?ssbauer spectroscopy. Haitaite-(La) is trigonal, belongs to R3ˉ and has unit-cell parameters a = 10.3678(5) ?, c = 20.8390(11) ?, V = 1939.9(2) ?3, Z = 3. The crystalline structure is composed of octahedra with 9 layers of close-packed octahedra (M1, M3, M4, M5), tetrahedra (M2) and contains large 12-coordinated M0 sites.     

巴基斯坦印度扇近海盆地油气地质条件分析

南秦岭柞水银洞子—山阳桐木沟铅银锌矿带地处陕西柞山地区中部,位于中秦岭晚古生代弧前盆地的柞水—山阳矿集区内。该带东西长约71 km,南北宽1～7 km。对带内银洞子（铜）铅银菱铁矿床、黑沟铅锌菱铁矿床、桐木沟锌矿床、南沟（银）铅矿床和松林沟铅矿点的地质、矿体、蚀变、矿化规律进行总结,发现矿体均严格产于中-上泥盆统青石垭组,具有明显的时控、层控、岩控及后期热液改造成矿特征,属典型的海底热水喷流沉积-热液改造层控矿床,构成与晚古生代海底热水喷流沉积-热液改造作用有关的铅锌银成矿系列。建立以层控+热液改造为主控矿条件,以青石垭组热水沉积岩+断裂+化探异常+硫化物、重晶石、菱铁矿蚀变分带为组合的找矿模型,对柞山地区金属矿的找矿突破具有重要的指导意义。     

融冰期北极楚科奇海陆架中心区硅限制与来源补充

相对氮亏损(N:P约为7,小于16)的太平洋入流水携带的营养盐是支撑北冰洋上层生态系统的重要物质基础。海冰消退,光限制消失,楚科奇海陆架存在强烈的营养盐消耗与利用,广泛认为其表现为氮限制,因此该区域重点关注氮元素循环,对于硅元素的相关研究较少。本文基于2016年中国第七次北极科学考察和中国-俄罗斯首次联合北极科学考察两个同步进行的航次调查结果,全面展示了融冰期整个楚科奇海陆架区的营养盐分布格局。结果显示,硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐表层基本耗尽;硅酸盐表现为中心低,周围高,陆架中心区是强烈的硅限制区域,受到硅和氮的共同限制。沿着太平洋入流方向,S01、R01、LV77-01站位30 m以深硅酸盐浓度高于太平洋入流水端员,说明沉积物孔隙水向底层水释放硅酸盐,因此在浅水陆架区孔隙水可作为上层海洋硅酸盐的潜在来源。本研究结合文献数据计算得到楚科奇海陆架沉积物-水界面硅酸盐年通量为630.78 mmol·m^-2·a^-1,总量为3.75×10¹¹ mol·a^-1,是太平洋入流水所携带硅酸盐年通量的一半(6.59×10¹¹ mol·a^-1),表明沉积物孔隙水也是楚科奇海陆架硅酸盐的重要来源。     

我国油气资源潜力、分布及重点勘探领域

我国地质结构具有3大板块、3大构造域多旋回构造演化特征,造就多种类型叠合沉积盆地,构成克拉通+前陆、断陷+坳陷、前陆+坳陷3种主要类型。大型叠合盆地是油气资源分布与勘探开发主体。我国常规与非常规油气资源十分丰富,常规石油地质资源量1 075×10⁸ t,常规天然气地质资源量83×10¹² m³;致密油地质资源量134×10⁸ t,致密砂岩气地质资源量21×10¹² m³,页岩油地质资源量335×10⁸ t,页岩气地质资源量56×10¹² m³。陆上油气资源主要分布于渤海湾(陆上)、松辽、鄂尔多斯、塔里木、四川、准噶尔、柴达木7大盆地。海域油气资源主要分布于渤海湾(海域)、东海及南海北部的珠江口、北部湾、莺歌海、琼东南6大盆地。未来我国油气勘探应始终坚持“资源战略,稳油增气”战略,坚持“非常并进、海陆统筹”积极进取勘探思路;常规勘探领域,陆上地层-岩性、前陆、海相碳酸盐岩与潜山领域;海域为渤海海域构造与基岩潜山,深水构造与岩性;非常规油气主要是立足陆上7大含油气盆地,立足致密油气与页岩油气,强化勘探开发与技术配套。     

Electro-osmotic permeability model based on ions migration

Acta Geotechnica - Electro-osmotic permeability is a very important parameter in soil drainage and electrochemical remediation. The present widely used equation for calculating the electro-osmotic...     

Kaolin-nucleation-based biotreated calcareous sand through unsaturated percolation method

Acta Geotechnica - Ocean development is an effective and practical way to address resource issues, such as food, fuel, and land shortage. The current work proposed using kaolin-based biocement to...     

Predicting tunnel squeezing using support vector machine optimized by whale optimization algorithm

Acta Geotechnica - The squeezing behavior of surrounding rock can be described as the time-dependent large deformation during tunnel excavation, which appears in special geological conditions, such...     

Application and discussion of statistical seismology in probabilistic seismic hazard assessment studies

Earthquakes are one of the natural disasters that pose a major threat to human lives and property. Earthquake prediction propels the construction and development of modern seismology;however, current deterministic earthquake prediction is limited by numerous difficulties. Identifying the temporal and spatial statistical characteristics of earthquake occurrences and constructing earthquake risk statistical prediction models have become significant;particularly for evaluating earthquake risks and addressing seismic planning requirements such as the design of cities and lifeline projects based on the obtained insight. Since the 21 st century, the occurrence of a series of strong earthquakes represented by the Wenchuan M8 earthquake in 2008 in certain low-risk prediction areas has caused seismologists to reflect on traditional seismic hazard assessment globally. This article briefly reviews the development of statistical seismology, emphatically analyzes the research results and existing problems of statistical seismology in seismic hazard assessment, and discusses the direction of its development. The analysis shows that the seismic hazard assessment based on modern earthquake catalogues in most regions should be effective. Particularly, the application of seismic hazard assessment based on ETAS(epidemic type aftershock sequence)should be the easiest and most effective method for the compilation of seismic hazard maps in large urban agglomeration areas and low seismic hazard areas with thick sedimentary zones.     

西藏甲玛矿床磁黄铁矿微量元素特征及其与金富集沉淀的耦合机制

【研究目的】甲玛矿床是西藏冈底斯成矿带最重要的斑岩成矿系统之一,具有斑岩、矽卡岩、角岩、脉状金矿四位一体矿体结构,形成了丰富的矿物种类和多样的金属矿化。其中,磁黄铁矿作为重要的金属矿物之一,其矿物地球化学特征以及与金矿化的耦合关系一直不明确。【研究方法】此次,以甲玛斑岩成矿系统外围和远端的不同产状的磁黄铁矿为研究对象,基于详细的野外地质调查和镜下鉴定,通过激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子质谱分析方法（LAICP-MS）对不同产状的磁黄铁矿开展测点分析和扫描分析,详细揭示其地球化学特征。【研究结果】结果显示,甲玛矿床磁黄铁矿主要富集Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ge、Se,弱富集Pb、Bi、Sb、Te、Ag、As,而Mo、Cd、In、Sn、Ba、W、Au、Tl、Th、U等元素含量较低。其中,矽卡岩中的磁黄铁矿具有较高的Co/Ni比值,能有效揭示其岩浆热液成因,而角岩中磁黄铁矿可能继承了一定的沉积特征。【结论】甲玛矿区磁黄铁矿的Cu、Zn、Pb含量变化特征与矿床空间矿化规律一致。矽卡岩中的块状磁黄铁矿与金矿化关系密切,金主要呈他形、不规则的独立金矿物产于磁黄铁矿的孔隙和粒间。同时,金的富集和沉淀可能与富铋的熔体有关。创新点：磁黄铁矿是甲玛超大型斑岩成矿系统中典型的金属矿物之一,其微区原位分析清晰揭示其微量元素地球化学特征和矿物成因,同时,证实矽卡岩中磁黄铁矿的高品位金与成矿流体中的富铋熔体有关。