松辽盆地长岭断陷深层天然气资源潜力分析

松辽盆地长岭断陷深层具有丰富的天然气资源,应用含油气系统模拟方法重新进行了评价,深层天然气地质资源量为1.14×1012~1.71×1012m3,中值为1.42×1012m3。烃类气和CO2气具有分区分布的特点,其中断陷西部为CO2气富集区,断陷中部为CO2气和烃类气混合气区,断陷东部主要为烃类气富集区,局部为CO2气富集区。烃类气的分布主要受烃源岩分布的控制,高含CO2气的分布主要受火山岩和基底大断裂的控制。综合评价认为长岭断陷可划分5个勘探区带,Ⅰ类有利区带1个、Ⅱ类较有利区带3个、Ⅲ类非有利区带1个,其中Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类区带是下一步勘探部署的主要方向。     

集合同化方法在黄海海域海表面温度同化中的应用

The effects of sea surface temperature(SST) data assimilation in two regional ocean modeling systems were examined for the Yellow Sea(YS). The SST data from the Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis(OSTIA) were assimilated. The National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center(NMEFC) modeling system uses the ensemble optimal interpolation method for ocean data assimilation and the Kunsan National University(KNU) modeling system uses the ensemble Kalman filter. Without data assimilation, the NMEFC modeling system was better in simulating the subsurface temperature while the KNU modeling system was better in simulating SST. The disparity between both modeling systems might be related to differences in calculating the surface heat flux, horizontal grid spacing, and atmospheric forcing data. The data assimilation reduced the root mean square error(RMSE) of the SST from 1.78°C(1.46°C) to 1.30°C(1.21°C) for the NMEFC(KNU) modeling system when the simulated temperature was compared to Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature(OISST) SST dataset. A comparison with the buoy SST data indicated a 41%(31%) decrease in the SST error for the NMEFC(KNU) modeling system by the data assimilation. In both data assimilative systems, the RMSE of the temperature was less than 1.5°C in the upper 20 m and approximately 3.1°C in the lower layer in October. In contrast, it was less than 1.0°C throughout the water column in February. This study suggests that assimilations of the observed temperature profiles are necessary in order to correct the lower layer temperature during the stratified season and an ocean modeling system with small grid spacing and optimal data assimilation method is preferable to ensure accurate predictions of the coastal ocean in the YS.     

The pathway and fate of the heavy metal mixture in Xiamen marine experiment enclosures

The pathway and fate of heavy metals were studied in 10m3 enclosures at Xiamen Bay in 1985. The dissolved metals added are removed rather quickly during the first days, and their half-removal times ( t1/2) (d) are as follows: Pb 5. 4-5. 8, Hg 6. 7-14, Zn 11-22, Cu 16 - 29, and Cd 30-89. Zinc is transferred biologically to particles during phytoplankton bloom. The main Fate of added metals after 27 days is as follows; over 80% Cd and 60% Cu remain in dissolved phase, more than 60% Pb and 50% Hg transfer to settling settlement, while Zn is equally distributed in dissolved phase and settling settlement. The wall uptake is less than 2% of the total metals added. Organic materials play an essential role in the partition and the transfer of heavy metals in water column. Terrigenous and autochthonous particles show different affinities to different metals. Most heavy metals associate weakly with zooplankton. The Binding of Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu to the particles shows distinctive features related to the diagenetic     

The relationship between geology and rock weathering on the rock instability along Mugling–Narayanghat road corridor, Central Nepal Himalaya

The present study was conducted along the Mugling–Narayanghat road section and its surrounding region that is most affected by landslide and related mass-movement phenomena. The main rock types in the study area are limestone, dolomite, slate, phyllite, quartzite and amphibolites of Lesser Himalaya, sandstone, mudstone and conglomerates of Siwaliks and Holocene Deposits. Due to the important role of geology and rock weathering in the instabilities, an attempt has been made to understand the relationship between these phenomena. Consequently, landslides of the road section and its surrounding region have been assessed using remote sensing, Geographical information systems and multiple field visits. A landslide inventory map was prepared and comprising 275 landslides. Nine landslides representing the whole area were selected for detailed studies. Field surveys, integrated with laboratory tests, were used as the main criteria for determining the weathering zones in the landslide area. From the overall study, it is seen that large and complex landslides are related to deep rock weathering followed by the intervention of geological structures as faults, joints and fractures. Rotational types of landslides are observed in highly weathered rocks, where the dip direction of the foliation plane together with the rock weathering plays a principle role. Shallow landslides are developed in the slope covered by residual soil or colluviums. The rock is rather fresh below these covers. Some shallow landslides (rock topples) are related to the attitude of the foliation plane and are generally observed in fresh rocks. Debris slides and debris flows occur in colluviums or residual soil-covered slopes. In few instances, they are also related to the rock fall occurring at higher slopes. The materials from the rock fall are mixed with the colluviums and other materials lying on the slope downhill and flow as debris flow. Rock falls are mainly related to the joint pattern and the slope angle. They are found in less-weathered rocks. From all these, it is concluded that the rock weathering followed by geological structures has prominent role in the rock slope instability along Mugling–Narayanghat road section and its surrounding regions.     

信息技术对服务业创新影响的空间计量分析

信息技术成为服务业创新的关键因素,并受到国内外学术界的普遍关注,但鲜有从省域及市域层面探索信息技术对服务业创新影响的研究成果。以广东省地级市(域) 为例,运用因子分析、探索性空间数据分析、空间计量模型等实证研究方法,深入分析信息技术和服务业创新的空间分布特征和两者之间的关系。结果表明,服务业创新和信息技术均存在空间正相关性,形成全域空间的核心—边缘模式和局域空间的"俱乐部"模式。高值簇集聚区(珠三角) 的扩散效应只局限在局域"俱乐部"里面,而低值簇亦形成集聚区(粤北、粤东和粤西),体现出珠三角同东西两翼与粤北山区之间巨大的差距。在空间差异和扩散效应的影响下,信息技术和服务业创新在空间上均出现"俱乐部"内趋同、"俱乐部"间趋异的现象。空间计量回归表明,服务业创新在市域空间上具有相互促进作用,信息技术对服务业创新具有明显的促进作用,当信息技术水平每提高1%,服务业创新水平就将提高0.7158%,证明了信息技术是影响服务业创新的重要因素。     

晚震旦至中奥陶世下扬子被动大陆边缘原型盆地特征

随着油气二次创业的深入,海相地层已成为油气勘探领域的重点.下扬子沉积了巨厚的海相地层,其原型盆地经历了多期次的构造改造.通过对下扬子边界的讨论,对其进行系统的整体分析.在活动论构造历史观和盆地原型分析TSM工作程式的指导下,通过对下扬子晚震旦至中奥陶世残留地层分布状况以及该时期沉积充填过程的分析,确定了晚震旦至中奥陶世下扬子原型盆地的性质为被动大陆边缘,其特征主要表现在硅质碎屑沉积物、碳酸盐岩沉积物和同生断裂现象等方面.该时期碳酸盐岩台地发育成镶边台地,台地有侧向生长现象和向海盆输入沉积物的舌状凸起,以江南断裂为代表的同生断裂表明盆地沉积物的物源始终是从下扬子内部自西北向东南方向单向搬运,这些均表明晚震旦至中奥陶世为成熟的被动大陆边缘.      

Spatial distribution,mineralogy, and weathering of heavy metals in soils along zinc-concentrate ground transportation routes: implication for assessing heavy metal sources

We investigated the source of heavy metals in soils at a site in South Korea, where a ground transportation of zinc-concentrates (ZnS, sphalerite) occurs daily. Seventy soil samples were collected at the site and analyzed for residual concentrations of heavy metals, as well as their chemical and mineralogical properties. Enrichment factor was calculated based on local geochemical background level of metals in soils and confirmed the contamination of soils in the area by an anthropogenic source. The concentration data were also subjected to a Pearson correlation analysis to determine the possible influences of anthropogenic sources and identify the primary source. A slight negative correlation between heavy metals and Al, and a weak correlation between heavy metals and Fe implied that the heavy metals originated from anthropogenic inputs rather than a geogenic source. A strong positive linear correlation between Zn and other heavy metals (i.e., As, Cd, Cu, Pb, r ≥ 0.96, p ≤ 0.001) suggested the influence of a single anthropogenic source of zinc-concentrates containing all of these heavy metals. Zinc-concentrate oxidation and leaching experiments, which mimicked physical and chemical weathering in the environment, indicated that zinc-concentrate could be transformed to zinc oxides and release Cd and Pb upon precipitation. The findings in this study provide an insight into the fate of the Zn that the original form of zinc-concentrate would not remain in the soil after long-term weathering, which should be considered when source of heavy metals is identified.     

Evaluation of drainage tunnel effectiveness in landslide control

Infiltration of rainfall into hillslopes is often an important factor in triggering landslides. Using underground water drainage works together with anti-slide piles has been an effective method of landslide control, yet their effectiveness is inadequately discussed in the literature. This paper studies the influence of rainfall on the change in the underground water level beneath a slope by real-time and synchronic monitoring of the rainfall, the underground water level in the boreholes, and the flow rate of the underground drainage tunnel. The effectiveness of the underground drainage tunnel in preventing the rise of the underground water level of the slope is discussed. The researchers also study the deformation behavior of the anti-slide piles by monitoring the lateral displacement of the piles and analyzing the thrust that the anti-slide piles bear by numerical inversion techniques. The results indicate that there is an apparent relationship between the lag in the rising of the underground water level caused by a rainfall and that caused by the immediately previous rainfall. When there is a rainfall accumulation before the occurrence of a heavy rain, this particular heavy rainfall will cause a rapid rise of the underground water level beneath the slope. The monitoring data analysis shows that the flow rate of the underground drainage tunnel increases first, and then the underground water level of the slope rises after a rainfall. In other words, the flow rate of the underground drainage tunnel increases at a rate faster than that of the rise of the underground water level. Hence, the underground drainage tunnel can effectively lower the rise of the underground water level induced by a rainfall. Besides, based on the monitoring data of the lateral displacement of the anti-slide piles and subsequent analysis, the working state of the anti-slide piles is justified. It thus indirectly validates the benefits of using underground drainage tunnel in landslide control.