全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4942篇 |
免费 | 952篇 |
国内免费 | 1065篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 183篇 |
大气科学 | 1134篇 |
地球物理 | 1426篇 |
地质学 | 2416篇 |
海洋学 | 446篇 |
天文学 | 272篇 |
综合类 | 476篇 |
自然地理 | 606篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 30篇 |
2023年 | 103篇 |
2022年 | 233篇 |
2021年 | 278篇 |
2020年 | 224篇 |
2019年 | 247篇 |
2018年 | 292篇 |
2017年 | 271篇 |
2016年 | 278篇 |
2015年 | 232篇 |
2014年 | 295篇 |
2013年 | 268篇 |
2012年 | 286篇 |
2011年 | 289篇 |
2010年 | 284篇 |
2009年 | 287篇 |
2008年 | 247篇 |
2007年 | 243篇 |
2006年 | 168篇 |
2005年 | 179篇 |
2004年 | 140篇 |
2003年 | 115篇 |
2002年 | 127篇 |
2001年 | 128篇 |
2000年 | 160篇 |
1999年 | 239篇 |
1998年 | 181篇 |
1997年 | 186篇 |
1996年 | 168篇 |
1995年 | 155篇 |
1994年 | 107篇 |
1993年 | 124篇 |
1992年 | 81篇 |
1991年 | 58篇 |
1990年 | 29篇 |
1989年 | 55篇 |
1988年 | 43篇 |
1987年 | 24篇 |
1986年 | 15篇 |
1985年 | 14篇 |
1984年 | 16篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 12篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 8篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1958年 | 9篇 |
排序方式: 共有6959条查询结果,搜索用时 38 毫秒
271.
Stable isotope values of oxygen(~(18)O) and hydrogen(~(2)H) of surface waters were used to study the origin and environmental significances in the Issyk-Kul basin of Kyrgyzstan in Central Asia, which is the most important intermountain basin in the modern Tien Shan orogen. This study is the first analysis of hydrochemical spatial differentiation in the stable isotopes of surface waters in this watershed.75 samples were collected from rivers, springs, lakes,rain and snow during the rainy season in July and August of 2016. Stable isotopes of ~(18)O and ~(2)H were studied for all samples, and cation ratios(Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca) were also determined for lake water samples.Stable isotope values from precipitation scattered around the Local Meteoric Water Line(determined from Urumqi Station of the global network of isotopes in precipitation(GNIP)), together with values of the Deuterium excess parameter(d) from 15.3‰ to30.5‰, with an average of 19.8‰, indicating that the moisture sources are primarily from regions with low relative humidity. The δ~(18)O and δ~(2)H values were significantly different between the river and lake samples, indicating that regional evaporation caused the isotopic enrichment of lake water. Geospatial autocorrelation, measured by Moran's I coefficient,indicated weak spatial autocorrelation within stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in the surface waters of the studied area, which is primarily an effect of climate during the water chemistry evolution. The cation ratios Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca in lake water samples were not correlated with the concentration of total dissolved solids, but did show correlation with stable isotopic values, which is significant for paleoenvironmental reconstruction. 相似文献
272.
Weiwei Chen Shichun Zhang Quansong Tong Xuelei Zhang Hongmei Zhao Siqi Ma Aijun Xiu Yuexin He 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2018,28(5):836-850
Northeast China experiences severe atmospheric pollution, with an increasing occurrence of heavy haze episodes. However, the underlying forces driving haze formation during different seasons are poorly understood. In this study, we explored the spatio-temporal characteristics and causes of haze events in Northeast China by combining a range of data sources(i.e., ground monitoring, satellite-based products, and meteorological products). It was found that the ‘Shenyang-Changchun-Harbin(SCH)'city belt was the most polluted area in the region on an annual scale. The spatial distribution of air quality index(AQI) values had a clear seasonality, with the worst pollution occurring in winter, an approximately oval-shaped polluted area around western Jilin Province in spring, and the best air quality occurring in summer and most of the autumn. The three periods that typically experienced intense haze events were Period I from mid-October to mid-November(i.e., late autumn and early winter), Period II from late-December to February(i.e., the coldest time in winter), and Period III from April to mid-May(i.e., spring). During Period I, strong PM_(2.5) emissions from seasonal crop residue burning and coal burning for winter heating were the dominant reasons for the occurrence of extreme haze events(AQI 300). Period II had frequent heavy haze events(200 AQI 300) in the coldest months of January and February, which were due to high PM_(2.5) emissions from coal burning and vehicle fuel consumption, a lower atmospheric boundary layer, and stagnant atmospheric conditions. Haze events in Period III, with high PM_(10) concentrations, were primarily caused by the regional transportation of windblown dust from degraded grassland in central Inner Mongolia and bare soil in western Jilin Province. Local agricultural tilling could also release PM_(10) and enhance the levels of windblown dust from tilled soil. Better control of coal burning, fuel consumption, and crop residue burning in winter and autumn is urgently needed to address the haze problem in Northeast China. 相似文献
273.
Cuiping Kuang Yue Ma Binyu Wang Jueyi Sui Jie Gu Jianhui Liu Gang Lei 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2018,17(6):1290-1300
Breakwaters can be used as artificial headlands in beach nourishment to mitigate coastal erosion. Longfengtou Beach, located on the southwest coast of Haitan Bay facing the Taiwan Strait on the northeast, suffers severe erosion, where the monsoon causes significant season hydrodynamic variations. Headland breakwaters are intended to be employed to mitigate coastal erosion. A 2D sediment transport model is established using MIKE21 based on current-wave coupling and calibrated by measured data. Summer and winter wave conditions are chosen as characteristic weak and strong waves respectively. The numerical results of suspended sediment concentration and seasonal morphological evolution are compared under the conditions with and without the headland breakwaters. Sediment transport in summer can be regarded as mainly determined by current field, while in winter wave effect is strong enough to change current field. The northern breakwater, nearly perpendicular to the ebb current direction, obstructs the currents and decreases velocity of the ebb currents, and confines the water carrying sediments within the protection area during the flood period. The southern breakwater also breaks the waves in advance and significantly reduces the hydrodynamic effects during the flood period and maintains high suspended sediment concentration in the protection area. In general, two headland breakwaters decrease the erosion near the beach and enlarge the deposition area, which play a significant role in prevention of sediment loss in nearshore area and mitigate coastal erosion. 相似文献
274.
Yuanqin Xu Lejun Liu Hang Zhou Baoqi Huang Ping Li Xiudong Ma Feiyin Dong 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2018,17(1):147-155
In this paper, we take DLW3101 core obtained at the top of the canyon(no landslide area) and DLW3102 core obtained at the bottom of the canyon(landslide area) on the northern continental slope of the South China Sea as research objects. The chronostratigraphic framework of the DLW3101 core and elemental strata of the DLW3101 core and the DLW3102 core since MIS5 are established by analyzing oxygen isotope, calcium carbonate content, and X-Ray Fluorescence(XRF) scanning elements. On the basis of the information obtained by analyzing the sedimentary structure and chemical elements in the landslide deposition, we found that the DLW3102 core shows four layers of submarine landslides, and each landslide layer is characterized by high Si, K, Ti, and Fe contents, thereby indicating terrigenous clastic sources. L1(2.15–2.44 m) occurred in MIS2, which is a slump sedimentary layer with a small sliding distance and scale. L2(15.48–16.00 m) occurred in MIS5 and is a debris flow-deposited layer with a scale and sliding distance that are greater than those of L1. L3(19.00–20.90 m) occurred in MIS5; its upper part(19.00–20.00 m) is a debris flow-deposited layer, and its lower part(20.00–20.90 m) is a sliding deposition layer. The landslide scale of L3 is large. L4(22.93–24.27 m) occurred in MIS5; its upper part(22.93–23.50 m) is a turbid sedimentary layer, and its lower part(23.50–24.27m) is a slump sedimentary layer. The landslide scale of L4 is large. 相似文献
275.
阶变折射率轴棱锥产生局域空心光束 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
提出利用折射率成阶跃性变化的轴棱锥产生局域空心光束(bottle beam).讨论了折射率沿径向成阶跃式减小或增加两种模型,从几何光学角度分析了它们产生bottle beam的原理,利用衍射积分理论数值模拟两种轴棱锥光传输的光场分布和不同距离处的二维光斑图,研究结果表明折射率沿径向阶跃减小的轴棱锥产生单个bottle beam,而折射率沿径向阶跃增加的轴棱锥产生具有周期再现的bottle beams.bottle beam在原子引导和囚禁、光学俘获及光镊等方面有广泛的应用, 因此本文的研究对bottle 相似文献
276.
非稳腔主动式直接获取纳秒近似无衍射贝塞尔绿光 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对基于轴棱锥的贝塞尔谐振腔和贝塞尔-高斯谐振腔的研究,设计了一台腔内倍频Nd:YAG纳秒近似无衍射贝塞尔绿光激光器. 非稳激光器谐振腔由轴棱锥和凸面镜组成. 实验采用单灯脉冲抽运激光增益介质Nd:YAG晶体,倍频晶体选用KTP. 当抽运电压为350 V时,由主动式直接产生纳秒近似零阶贝塞尔绿光,其脉冲宽度为55.1 ns,波长为532 nm,线宽为0.8 nm,近似无衍射零阶贝塞尔绿光的中心光斑直径为192 μm. 利用Fresnel-Kirchhoff 衍射积分和Fox-Li迭代法,通过数值计算得出 相似文献
277.
278.
279.
深入研究了两种增强型AlGaN/GaN高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)高温退火前后的直流特性变化.槽栅增强型AlGaN/GaN HEMT在500 ℃ N2中退火5 min后,阈值电压由0.12 V正向移动到0.57 V,器件Schottky反向栅漏电流减小一个数量级.F注入增强型AlGaN/GaN HEMT在 400 ℃ N2中退火2 min后,器件阈值电压由0.23 V负向移动到-0.69 V,栅泄漏电流明显增大.槽栅增强型器件退火过程中Schottky有效势垒 相似文献
280.
The Ag2O film, as-deposited by direct-current magnetron reactive sputtering at a substrate temperature of 150 °C, clearly shows a preferential orientation (111), and is capable of lowering the threshold value of the thermal decomposition temperature to about 200 °C, which is helpful to its application in optical and magneto-optical storage. This paper fits its optical constants in terms of a general oscillator model by using measured ellipsometric parameters. The fitted oscillator energy 2.487 eV is close to the optical direct interband transition energy value of the Ag2O film determined by Tauc equation; whereas, the fitted oscillator energy 4.249 eV is far from the fitted plasma oscillator energy 4.756 eV by single-oscillator energy. The photoluminescence spectrum centred at about 2.31 eV indicates a direct-energy gap photoluminescence mechanism of the Ag2O film. 相似文献