Comparative Study on Methods for Computing Soil Heat Storage and Energy Balance in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas

Observations collected in the Badan Jaran desert hinterland and edge during 19-23 August 2009 and in the Jinta Oasis during 12-16 June 2005 are used to assess three methods for calculating the heat storage of the5-20-cm soil layer.The methods evaluated include the harmonic method,the conduction-convection method,and the temperature integral method.Soil heat storage calculated using the harmonic method provides the closest match with measured values.The conduction-convection method underestimates nighttime soil heat storage.The temperature integral method best captures fluctuations in soil heat storage on sub-diurnal timescales,but overestimates the amplitude and peak values of the diurnal cycle.The relative performance of each method varies with the underlying land surface.The land surface energy balance is evaluated using observations of soil heat flux at 5-cm depth and estimates of ground heat flux adjusted to account for soil heat storage.The energy balance closure rate increases and energy balance is improved when the ground heat flux is adjusted to account for soil heat storage.The results achieved using the harmonic and temperature integral methods are superior to those achieved using the conduction-convection method.     

华北克拉通北缘张家口-宣化地区古生代-中生代岩浆构造活动与成矿作用

河北省张家口-宣化地区(张宣地区)位于华北克拉通北缘中段,区内自显生宙以来构造活动频繁,并产出大量岩浆岩和金矿床,是研究华北克拉通北缘岩浆-构造-成矿演化体系的重要对象.本文通过对张宣地区的水泉沟正长岩、响水沟似斑状花岗岩、井儿洼粗安岩-英安岩、象山花岗闪长岩、青羊沟黑云母二长花岗岩和张家口组流纹岩的锆石年龄、Lu-H...     

卫星编队InSAR系统设计系列关键技术

天基InSAR系统具有全天候、全天时、数据处理自动化程度高等优点,可以快速获取数字表面模型和雷达正射影像,发展前景广阔。本文首先介绍了InSAR测量及影响产品精度误差传递模型,阐述了基于卫星编队InSAR系统;然后,从系统获取干涉数据和确保产品精度两方面出发,提出在不考虑SAR技术的情况下,卫星编队InSAR系统设计主要关键技术有:系统相干性、基线选择、卫星编队设计、双星协同工作、产品精度控制等;最后,在归纳总结天绘二号关键技术攻关的基础上,对这些关键技术所涉及的性能及核心指标进行了分析,提出了设计所关注的要素。     

卫星地面轨迹分段拟合确定交叉点的方法研究

用于消除交叉点测量误差的平差法、高度计海况偏差校正及大地水准面模型的建立等都以轨迹交叉点数据为基础。找到一种高效且精确确定交叉点位置的方法十分重要。本文以Jason-1卫星高度计为例,设计了11种弧段分段类型并据此进行拟合以确定交叉点的精确位置,从获取有效交叉点的数量和效率两方面分析,采用12段的分段拟合方法效果最优。不同倾角卫星地面轨迹会发生变化,分段节点需要根据轨迹曲线特征适当调整。本文分段设计方案及最优分段选取方法对任何倾角的卫星依然适用。     

Interannual Weakening of the Tropical Pacific Walker Circulation Due to Strong Tropical Volcanism

In order to examine the response of the tropical Pacific Walker circulation(PWC) to strong tropical volcanic eruptions(SVEs), we analyzed a three-member long-term simulation performed with Had CM3, and carried out four additional CAM4 experiments. We found that the PWC shows a significant interannual weakening after SVEs. The cooling effect from SVEs is able to cool the entire tropics. However, cooling over the Maritime Continent is stronger than that over the central-eastern tropical Pacific. Thus, non-uniform zonal temperature anomalies can be seen following SVEs. As a result, the sea level pressure gradient between the tropical Pacific and the Maritime Continent is reduced, which weakens trade winds over the tropical Pacific. Therefore, the PWC is weakened during this period. At the same time, due to the cooling subtropical and midlatitude Pacific, the Intertropical Convergence Zone(ITCZ) and South Pacific convergence zone(SPCZ) are weakened and shift to the equator. These changes also contribute to the weakened PWC. Meanwhile, through the positive Bjerknes feedback, weakened trade winds cause El Nino-like SST anomalies over the tropical Pacific, which in turn further influence the PWC. Therefore, the PWC significantly weakens after SVEs. The CAM4 experiments further confirm the influences from surface cooling over the Maritime Continent and subtropical/midlatitude Pacific on the PWC. Moreover, they indicate that the stronger cooling over the Maritime Continent plays a dominant role in weakening the PWC after SVEs. In the observations,a weakened PWC and a related El Nino-like SST pattern can be found following SVEs.     

网络试题库的技术实现

介绍了一个实用有效的网络在线试题库，重点讨论了利用PHP(Personal Homepage个人网页平台)与MySQL(My Structure Query Language结构化查询语言)结合开发试题库的技术方法，并详细说明了在网络试题库和在线考试系统中如何实现用户自行添加新科目、试题录入、备份、恢复、删除、查询和组卷以及进行在线考试等功能及其相应的编程技术。     

基于Web技术的西北指导预报系统的设计与实现

详细介绍西北指导预报系统的内容、体系结构、功能、特点,以及实现的关键技术。实际应用表明,利用动态服务器网页技术开发的基于浏览器/服务器3层网络体系结构的西北指导预报系统是一个功能较完善的气象预报信息管理系统,实现了各类气象信息的集成和共享。     

移动对象时空数据建模的研究

当前的时空数据建模多是针对空间对象的离散变化,随着移动计算环境的普及以及基于位置服务的兴起,要求对连续的时空变化——移动对象进行更深入和实质的研究。介绍移动对象的概念,总结并着重分析目前移动对象数据库的研究重点,分别是数据建模、查询语言、索引结构和不确定性处理。在此基础上提出移动对象数据建模研究未来的发展方向。     

南极石油烃降解嗜冷菌的筛选及其降解特性的研究

从385株南极海洋细菌中筛选出2株石油烃降解菌,并对其降解特性进行了初步研究。以柴油为唯一碳源进行降解实验的结果表明,南极嗜冷菌NJ276和NJ341在5℃、20d内对柴油的降解率分别达到23．47％和32．15％,在15℃、20d内降解率分别达到43．95％和62．47％,其降解能力随着培养温度的升高而显著增强;石油烃降解残油组分的GC～MS分析表明,柴油经过NJ276降解后的残油组分中能检测到C15～C21七种烷烃,柴油经过NJ341降解后的残油组分只能检测到少量C16,C17和C18三种烷烃。对它们进行16S rDNA基因序列的同源性和系统发育分析表明,菌株NJ276属于假交替单胞菌属（Pseudoalteromonas）,NJ341属于科尔韦尔氏属（Colwellia）。     

GeoSOT北斗网格框架在变电站数据管理中的应用

针对当前变电站设备数据管理的精细化、查询高效化和操作可视化等新需求展开深入的研究.传统变电站部件管理方法存在查询困难、管理模糊、效率低下、设备巡检耗时耗力巨大、危险性高等缺陷,无法满足变电站部件管理的需求.本文以GIS技术与BIM技术相结合为出发点,利用基于GeoSOT的北斗空间网格编码在数据组织的高效性优势,提出一种基于GeoSOT的电力变电站系统设备数据管理和无人巡检设备路线规划方法.研究证明在变电站设备管理和无人巡检规划初级阶段,通过海量设备数据管理和分层显示,巡检机器人空间路径规划,动静态目标空间位置关联分析和协同管理,实现了电网设备业务仿真场景设计,提升了变电站系统的大数据管控水平.