Organic carbon isotopes of the Sinian and Early Cambrian black shales on Yangtze Platform, China

Organic matter of the Sinian and early Cambrian black shales on the Yangtze Platform belongs to the light carhon group of isotopes with the δ¹³C values from - 27% to - 35 %, which are lower than those of the contempomneously deposited carbonates and phosphorites. A carbon isotope-stratified paleooceanographic model caused by upwelling is proposed, which can be used not only to interpret the characteristies of organic carbon isotopic compositions of the black shales, but also to interpret the paleogeographic difference in the organic carbon isotope compositions of various types of sedimentary rocks. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 49472114) and the Open Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

空间无碰撞激波的数值研究

无碰撞激波是空间等离子体和宇宙等离子体中的重要物理现象。文中评述了数值研究空间无碰撞激波的两种方法－粒子模拟和混合模拟，给出了准垂直和准平行无碰撞激波的数值研究结果。还指出了一些尚未解决的研究问题。     

基于AMSR-E土壤湿度产品的LIS同化试验

由陆面信息系统 (Land Information System, 简称LIS) 通过NOAH陆面过程模型使用集合卡尔曼滤波开展AMSR-E (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System) 土壤湿度同化试验,得到2003年中国区域垂直深度为4层、水平空间分辨率为0.25°×0.25°的土壤湿度试验数据。使用农业气象观测站土壤相对湿度和国家生态系统野外科学观测研究站土壤体积含水量对试验结果进行检验,结果表明:同化过程整体上提高了陆面模型的模拟精度,草地生态系统模拟精度高于作物和森林生态系统;有效的同化过程依赖于AMSR-E土壤湿度的准确性;模拟出的土壤湿度空间分布特征与实际相符。同化试验得到的时空相对连续且精度相对准确的土壤湿度数据是气候变化和干旱监测的重要数据基础。     

Soil erosion changes over the past five decades in the red soil region of Southern China

This paper reports the dynamic changes of soil and water loss in the red soil region of Southern China since the 1950s. The red soil region covers eight provinces: Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong and Hainan. From the 1950s to 1986, the annual rate of soil erosion increased by 3.4%. From 1986 to 1996 and from 1996 to 2000, the annual rates of soil erosion decreased by 2.0% and 0.32%, respectively. Field surveys showed that from 2000 to 2005, the area of soil and water loss decreased annually by 1.2%. This decrease was a result of large-scale erosion control activities across China. Although the eroded soil has been restored, the restoration process is very slow and full restoration will take a long time. Our report suggests that controlling soil and water loss is a challenging task, and additional measures must be taken to effectively control the soil erosion in the red soil region.     

豫西前河构造蚀变岩型金矿成矿过程中的流体-岩石反应

前河金矿区位于华北地台南缘,赋存在中元古界熊耳群安山岩和英安岩中,矿体受断裂破碎带控制。含矿热液在迁移过程中与围岩发生了广泛的流体-岩石反应而引起热液蚀变。本区石英中有4种类型的流体包裹体,均一温度范围为145～331℃,其中含CO2包裹体的完全均一温度主要分布在中-高温区。成矿流体的密度和压力变化范围分别是0.68～0.94g/cm3和(367.01～896.55)×105Pa。金大量沉淀成矿时的流体特征为:温度213～260℃、密度0.80～0.89g/cm3和压力(502.86～710.57)×105Pa。流体相为SO42->Na >Cl->K 型,CO2/H2O比值及N2、H2S、Ar、C2H6等挥发分的含量明显增高,f(CO2)、f(H2S)、f(CH4)和Eh值增大;f(O2)、f(H2O)和pH值减小。在青磐岩化安山岩的基础上发生的流体-岩石反应是造成本矿床金沉淀成矿的最主要原因。     

基于概率积分法的潜山型地裂缝空间预测方法研究

苏南地区锡北镇地裂缝灾害活跃,且为典型的基岩潜山型抽水沉降地裂缝。以无锡锡北镇杨墅里地裂缝为研究对象（31.703174°~31.705488°N,120.452707°~120.453410°E）,基于非连续介质理论,运用概率积分方法建立基岩潜山条件下的抽水沉降裂缝空间预测数学模型。运用该理论模型计算得出基岩潜山上覆岩土体的差异性沉降规律、地表倾斜程度及地表曲率变化规律,并指出地表倾斜程度与地表曲率为地裂缝易发位置的重要评价指标。将地裂缝空间预测数学模型计算出的沉降规律、地裂缝发生位置等结果与物理模型试验结果进行对比研究,结果显示：1）当W"（x）=0时,地表倾斜函数取得极值,此时x=±0.8 m,表明距模型左边界2.6 m与4.2 m处地表倾斜程度最大,差异性沉降最为明显。2）当W"'（x）=0时,地表曲率函数取得极值,x=0,表明在距模型左边界3.4 m处地表曲率最大,为拉应力集中位置。3）模型试验地裂缝集中发生2.4~2.6 m、3.3~3.5 m和3.9~4.2 m这3处;基于概率积分方法的潜山型地裂缝空间预测结果与物理模型试验结果基本一致。预测模型能够合理解释物理模型试验中潜山山腰及潜山山顶三处地裂缝的发生位置,验证了其正确性,为地裂缝空间预测方法提供了新的研究思路。

     

Isotopic characteristics of river sediments on the Tibetan Plateau

We systematically collected 40 modern clastic sediment samples from rivers in different tectonic units of the Tibetan Plateau and measured their Sr–Nd isotopic compositions. The isotopic characteristics provide insight into the controversial paleo-tectonic affinity of terranes of the Tibetan Plateau and the provenance of Songpan–Ganzi flysch complex. The Qilian Terrane and Himalaya Terrane have more negative ε_Nd(0) values (from ? 14.3 to ? 11.8 and from ? 20.64 to ? 13.26, respectively) and high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values (from 0.719674 to 0.738818 and from 0.721020 to 0.824959, respectively), reflecting old and mature continental crust origin of these two terranes. The southern Lhasa Terrane is more radiogenic in ε_Nd(0) values (from ? 8.82 to ? 3.8) and low in ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values (from 0.711504 to 0.719489), implying the combined impact of the Neo-Tethys mantle and Himalaya old continental crust. Sr–Nd isotopic compositions of the Qilian Terrane are similar to those in the Yangtze Craton, indicating that the Qilian Terrane was probably separated from the Yangtze Craton. Sr–Nd isotopic characteristics of the Songpan–Ganzi Terrane are similar to the Yangtze Craton and are remarkably different to those in the North China Craton, eastern Kunlun–Qaidam and the central Qiangtang metamorphic belt, implying that the widely distributed flysch complex of the Songpan–Ganzi Terrane was sourced from the Yangtze Craton.     

江西某蔬菜基地土壤重金属污染现状

根据表层土、深层土的采样研究资料,获取了江西某蔬菜基地的土壤主要重金属元素基准值,分析了5种重金属元素在该区表层土中的分布、分配及相关特点,分析了元素的迁移特征.对该蔬菜基地的土壤重金属污染现状作了初步评价,并提出了合理调整的相关建议.研究发现,该蔬菜基地表层土(耕作土层)中Cd、Hg、Pb存在明显的积聚现象.局部地段土壤中已超出了农业部颁发的无公害蔬菜产地以及绿色食品产地土壤环境质量标准,成了"不安全生产区".同时发现区内重金属含量本底值并不高,重金属的污染积蓄主要与人类生产活动有关,可能来源于长期不合理的施肥与喷药.     

CMA-GFS云预报的偏差分布特征

利用2021年3月—2022年2月ERA5再分析数据云量、云水凝物对中国气象局研发的全球数值预报系统CMA-GFS同期云量产品和由云量、云水凝物产品计算的云发生、云水凝物积分的偏差特征进行诊断评估, 初步探讨了CMA-GFS云预报偏差存在的可能原因。结果显示:CMA-GFS云量、云水凝物的分布较为合理, CMA-GFS能够描绘全球云量、云水凝物的分布特征, 并能够反映季节特征;CMA-GFS预报高云和中云的云量偏差大于低云的云量偏差, 而高云和中云的云量均方根误差较低云偏小, 说明模式高云和中云的预报稳定性优于低云;与ERA5再分析数据相比, CMA-GFS液相水凝物积分以负偏差为主, 冰相水凝物积分以正偏差为主;云量、云水凝物的偏差在不同地区成因不同, 在热带地区的偏差与对流参数化和微物理方案不协调有关, 在南北半球中高纬度地区的偏差与相对湿度偏差相关。     

The ecological distributions of N, P utilizing bacteria and heterotrophic bacteria in the moderate hypoxia zone of the Changjiang Estuary

The distributions of N utilizing bacteria (denitrifying bacteria and ammonifying bacteria), P utilizing bacteria (organic phosphobacteria and inorganic phosphobacteria) and heterotrophic bacteria in the Changjiang Estuary, and the roles of main environmental factors in distributing bacteria, are explored with observations from two cruises in June and August 2006. Comparisons between the two important periods of initial hypoxia phase (June) and developed hypoxia phase (August) show differences in both bacterial distributions and the associated main environmental factors. First, the primary group of ammonifying bacteria has larger magnitude with spatial maximum value in the hypoxic stations related to sediment in August. The phosphobacterial abundance and detection rates in August are much lower than those in June, but the denitrifying bacterial abundance becomes greater in August. However, the difference of heterotrophic bacterial abundance between June and August is not obvious. Second, main environmental factors influencing bacteria vary from initial hypoxia phase to developed hypoxia phase. Two parameters (salinity and NO₃ ^?) in surface water and five environmental parameters (pH, salinity, PO₄ ^3?, NO₃ ^? and temperature) in bottom water and surface sediment play major roles in the bacterial abundance in June, while different parameter combinations (salinity and PO₄ ^?) in surface water and different parameter combinations (DO, DOC, NO₃ ^?, PO₄ ^3? and pH) in bottom water and surface sediment play major roles in August. Moreover, the bottom bacteria distributions in area south of 31°N are related to the position of the Taiwan Warm Current in June. The bacterial abundance and distribution may respond to the environmental change in the hypoxia processes of initial phase and developed phase. During the hypoxia processes, the whole structure of bacterial functional groups probably turns to different states, causing the recycling of nutrient regeneration and aggravating hypoxia regionally.