A Comparison Study on the δD Value of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Hydrous Pyrolysate of Herbaceous Peat with Different Water Medium

To investigate the influence of diagenetic water media on the hydrogen isotopes of individual sedimentary aromatic compounds, a series of hydrous pyrolyses were conducted on herbaceous peat. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in hydrous pyrolysed samples and their hydrogen isotopic composition characteristics were studied. The aqueous medium demonstrated a significant influence on the hydrogen isotopic composition of the individual PAHs generated during pyrolysis. The results showed that the PAHs formed after pyrolysis in the presence of a saltwater medium with high δD value from a salt lake had a heavy hydrogen isotopic composition. The PAHs formed after pyrolysis in the presence of a fresh water medium with low δD value from a swamp had a light hydrogen isotopic composition. The difference in the average PAH δD value between the two hydrous experiments varied from –174‰ to –109‰, suggesting that the hydrogen isotopic composition of individual sedimentary PAHs can reflect the source of the diagenetic water medium. In addition, a comparative study found that the hydrogen isotopes of PAHs were superior to those of n-alkanes in the same sample for diagenetic water indications. The results indicated that the exchange of water-derived inorganic hydrogen and organic hydrogen was more intensive in freshwater experiments than in saltwater experiments. With an increase in the simulation temperature, the average δD value of PAHs generated in the hydrous simulation experiments showed an increasing trend, reflecting that the δD value of sedimentary PAHs formed with the participation of diagenetic water media was still closely related to the thermal maturity of organic matter. Comparative studies showed that the δD values of different types of organic compounds produced by hydrous pyrolysis of peat were in the order, PAHs > n-alkanes > methane.     

A Numerical Simulation Study of Temperature and Pressure Effects on the Breakthrough Pressure of CO2 in Unsaturated Low-permeability Rock Core

Gas breakthrough pressure is a key parameter to evaluate the sealing capacity of caprock, and it also plays important roles in safety and capacity of CO2 geological storage. Based on the published experimental results, we present numerical simulations on CO2 breakthrough pressure in unsaturated low-permeability rock under 9 multiple P-T conditions (which can keep CO2 in gaseous, liquid and supercritical states) and thus, a numerical method which can be used to accurately predict CO2 breakthrough pressure on rock-core scale is proposed. The simulation results show that CO2 breakthrough pressure and breakthrough time are exponential correlated with P-T conditions. Meanwhile, pressure has stronger effects on experimental results than that of temperature. Moreover, we performed sensitivity studies on the pore distribution index λ (0.6, 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9) in van Genuchten-Muale model. Results show that with the increase of λ, CO2 breakthrough pressure and breakthrough time both show decreasing trends. In other words, the larger the value of λ is, the better the permeability of the caprock is, and the worse the CO2 sealing capacity is. The numerical method established in this study can provide an important reference for the prediction of gas breakthrough pressure on rock-core scale and for related numerical studies.     

页岩储层物性参数对CO2不同封存机制及封存量的影响

CO₂增强页岩气开采技术(CO₂-ESGR)一方面可提高CH4产量,另一方面又可实现CO₂地质封存。为了分析页岩储层物性参数对CO₂封存机制的影响,文章以鄂尔多斯盆地延长组页岩为研究对象,采用CMG-GEM软件建立双孔双渗均质模型,分析了CO₂-ESGR中页岩储层垂直渗透率与水平渗透率之比(Kv/Kh)、含水饱和度和孔隙度对不同CO₂封存机制封存量的影响;并设计了27组正交试验采用极差分析法比较了三种因素的影响程度。研究表明,Kv/Kh在0.1～1范围增大会增加不同CO₂封存机制的封存量,封存总量最大可增加69.96%,其中吸附封存量最大可增加97.96%,受到影响最大;含水饱和度在0～0.9范围增大引起CO₂封存总量先增加后减小,封存总量最大可减少67.12%,其中溶解封存量最大可减少83.35%,范围波动最大;页岩储层孔隙度在0.1～0.99范围增大会导致CO₂封存总量减少,封存总量最大...     

滇东老厂地区地热水成因：来自水化学和碳氢氧硫同位素的约束

滇东弥勒-师宗断裂带地热资源丰富,但是由于研究程度较低,成因机制不明,制约了区内地热资源的可持续开发利用。本文以弥勒-师宗断裂带北段老厂地区天然温泉水和地热钻孔水为研究对象,综合应用野外调查、水文地球化学和环境同位素方法,对区内地热水的地球化学特征和成因机制进行了研究。结果显示,区内地热水pH值介于7.30～8.12之间,TDS在224～382 mg/L之间,属于弱碱性淡水。地热水水化学类型为HCO₃·SO₄^Ca型和HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Na型,且含有较高含量的Fe、As、Sb等微量组分,不宜饮用。地热水中HCO₃^-的δ¹³C值为-3.31‰～-7.79‰,计算得出参与水岩作用的CO₂的δ¹³C值为-9.50‰～-15.68‰,具有明显的沉积有机质来源特征。离子比值分析及硫同位素特征表明碳酸盐岩矿物和石膏的溶解是区内地热水主要离子来源的控制因素,此外赋存于浅部断裂带内...     

湘南铜山岭矽卡岩铜铅锌矿床矿物组合分带特征及温压条件研究

湘南铜山岭矽卡岩铜铅锌矿床产于铜山岭岩体北东缘隐伏接触带及其外围地层中,在成因上与铜山岭花岗闪长斑岩密切相关。铜山岭铜铅锌矿床具有独特的成矿分带,从岩体向外依次发育近端内矽卡岩、近端外矽卡岩、硫化物-石英脉和远端矽卡岩矿体。根据穿切关系、交代结构和矿物组合等地质特征可以把铜山岭铜铅锌矿床划分为4个矿化蚀变阶段,从早到晚依次为进变质矽卡岩、退变质矽卡岩、石英-硫化物和碳酸盐阶段,其中石英-硫化物阶段为主成矿阶段。闪锌矿成分压力计研究表明,近端内矽卡岩型团块状硫化物矿石中闪锌矿的形成压力为(3.1±1.0)×108Pa,对应的成矿深度为6～12 km,相当于中—上地壳水平,说明铜山岭铜铅锌矿床形成于较大深度。近端内矽卡岩、近端外矽卡岩和远端矽卡岩中都存在两阶段绿泥石。绿泥石成分温度计研究表明,3类矽卡岩中退变质矽卡岩阶段绿泥石的形成温度分别为345～388℃、296～376℃和296～338℃,代表各类矽卡岩形成温度的下限;石英-硫化物阶段绿泥石的形成温度分别为270～318℃、209～238℃和200～223℃,代表各类矽卡岩矿体的成矿温度。3类矽卡岩的绿泥石温度表现出逐步降低的趋势,指...     

地球早期大陆地壳的形成与演化

现代地球岩石圈主要由镁铁质上地幔和长英质地壳两个储集层组成,研究大陆地壳的形成和演化对揭示地球早期地质过程和物质循环、厘定板块构造启动时限具有重要意义。冥古宙—始太古代具有更高的地幔潜能温度和地温梯度,岩浆海冷却形成薄的原始地壳;大洋岩石圈表现为韧性,主要构造机制应为停滞盖层模式,有地幔柱参与。太古宙片麻岩中奥长花岗岩—英云闪长岩—花岗闪长岩(TTG)的出现标志着镁铁质原始地壳向长英质陆壳转变的开始。本文总结了地球早期停滞盖层模式到现代板块构造模式下含水玄武岩部分熔融、结晶分异形成大陆地壳的过程,主要包含幔源岩浆停滞盖层(“自下而上”的热管火山岩和“自上而下”的深成侵入岩构造模式)、增厚镁铁质地壳部分熔融、俯冲洋壳、岛弧及洋底高原部分熔融模式;陆壳的破坏和消减主要受陨石撞击、分层沉降、重力不稳导致拆沉控制;板块构造的出现进一步促进了地球内部的热量扩散,俯冲作用加快了洋壳和陆壳之间的物质循环。最后,结合太古宙变质岩、古老克拉通岩石学特征和锆石Hf、O及全岩Nd、Sr、Ar、Ti同位素组成,讨论了陆壳的形成时间和演化过程：3.0 Ga之前形成了现有陆壳体积的60%～70%,厚度约为20～4...     

地下资源开采与诱发地震：现状与进展

页岩气、地热等清洁能源正成为全球能源开发日益重要的组成部分,也是我国未来能源产量增长的主体,对保障能源资源安全、支撑双碳目标意义重大。然而随着页岩气、地热等地下工业开采活动规模的不断扩大,由此引发的地震灾害问题正日益受到人们的关注。强化工业活动与诱发地震关系研究、管控相关诱发地震灾害风险成为全球面临的重要课题和挑战。基于此,笔者等调研了工业活动诱发地震的全球典型案例,系统介绍了不同国家(美国、加拿大和韩国)工业活动诱发地震的现状及其差异,并对流体注入诱发地震的主要途径、物理机制、相关作业参数和诱发地震关系等做了全面的综述。发现诱发地震不仅与流体注入参数(体积、速率等)相关,还受控于特定的区域地质背景和断裂条件。合理管控地震灾害风险、促进相关能源的开采,应该统筹开采区地质地球物理的综合调查和开采过程的动态监测。     

渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷石炭系—二叠系烃源岩生烃演化及与中—新生代构造演化的响应关系

渤海湾盆地石炭系—二叠系为烃源岩的古生界潜山内幕型原生油气藏认识程度低,勘探难度大,明确石炭系—二叠系烃源岩生烃演化过程及与中—新生代构造演化的响应关系对内幕型原生油气藏勘探具有重要意义。笔者等基于三维地震资料、典型井实测镜质体反射率、流体包裹体等数据资料,进一步采用构造解析、潜山埋藏史分析以及盆地生烃模拟等技术手段,探讨了渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷中—新生代构造运动及对石炭系—二叠系烃源岩生烃演化的控制作用,明确了生烃时期及有利生烃范围。研究表明,黄骅坳陷中—新生代构造活动经历了“两期裂陷,两期抬升”的四个演化阶段,形成多种类型的埋藏史,构造运动引起的古地温变化使南北地区烃源岩进行差异了生烃演化,裂陷建造作用促进地温上升,有利于有机质生烃,挤压改造作用抑制地温上升,有机质生烃中止。乌马营潜山及歧北潜山具有3次生烃阶段,生烃期为早—中三叠纪、早白垩纪、古近纪,港北潜山具有两次生烃阶段,生烃期为早—中三叠纪、古近纪。黄骅坳陷内早期(即早—中三叠纪)生烃范围局限,晚期(即古近纪)生烃最有利,乌马营地区及歧北地区为原生油气藏有利勘探区。