渤黄海海平面的变化及其与ENSO的关系

利用1992年12月至2007年5月的高度计资料,研究了渤黄海海平面的变化特征。统计分析表明,近14a间渤海及北黄海、中央黄海海平面的平均上升高度分别为45.9mm和34.7mm,各海域的海平面上升速度不完全相同。研究发现,南方涛动指数(SOI)、纬向风应力距平都与渤海及北黄海、中央黄海的SLA呈负相关性,渤黄海海平面显著受SOI、纬向风应力调制,并且,SOI与渤黄海海域的风场之间有良好相关。将坐标系进行旋转后,获得与当地海平面异常相关最大的风应力方向。对SLA与新坐标系下风应力距平u的低频分量分析发现,渤海及北黄海海区、中央黄海对海平面影响最大的风应力距平u方向分别为东偏南20°方向、东偏南8°方向,风应力距平u分量与SLA、SOI的低频分量呈现更好的相关性。ENSO通过大气环流过程对渤黄海海域的风场产生影响,当地风场通过纬向风应力对渤黄海海平面的年际变化产生调制作用。因此,ENSO可以通过风应力对渤黄海海平面产生影响。     

莱州湾南岸海水入侵现状评价

根据莱州湾南岸海水入侵区地下水水质特点,将海水入侵等级划分为4级。同时,选取Cl^-,矿化度,SO4^2-,rHCO3^-/rCl^-,K^-等指标作为评价因子,并分别确定了这5项指标的等级划分范围。然后,运用模糊数学的综合评判方法,对研究区内海水入侵现状做出评价。     

青岛陆上观测点的气溶胶光学厚度特征分析及与渤海气溶胶光学厚度的比较

阐述了气溶胶散射对太阳光衰减的影响和对观测数据的统计分析.作者使用手持式五波段太阳光度计和臭氧监测仪对青岛崂山区陆域和渤海海域的大气衰减进行了较长时间的观测.分析表明,对可见光和近红外波段电磁渡的大气衰减贡献最大的是气溶胶散射,气溶胶散射的光学厚度随波长的增大而减小,但是它在大气总光学厚度中占的比例随波长的增大而增加.在青岛崂山区冬季,对应于440nm波长的气溶胶散射光学厚度主要分布在0.4～0.6和1.5～1.6区间,浑浊度系数α主要分布在0.15～0.45区间,埃斯特朗指数β主要分布在1.0～1.4区间.从时间上看,α和β在1d内的变化不大,但逐日变化非常显著.与晴天相比,青岛崂山区冬季雾天的气溶胶散射光学厚度增加了大约一倍,较大的浑浊度系数和较小的埃斯特朗指数表明,雾天的大气具有气溶胶散射的光学厚度大、粒子浓度大和粒径尺度大的特点.通过与海上观测数据的比较可见,青岛崂山区陆地冬季在雾天时的气溶胶分布与渤海夏季时相似,青岛崂山区陆地冬季在晴天无云时的气溶胶分布与渤海秋季时相似.     

不同盐度对克氏螯虾幼虾代谢率的影响

研究了不同盐度对克氏螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)幼虾耗氧率和排氨率的影响.试验用虾体长(3.13±0.30)cm,体重在(1.82±0.21)g.在25℃条件下,试验设置0、2、4、6、8、10、12共7个盐度梯度.在试验设置的盐度范围内,在盐度为2时,克氏原螯虾幼虾的的耗氧率与排氨率最低,由此可以表明幼虾对盐度调节的等渗点在2左右.随着盐度升高,幼虾的耗氧率和排氨率也随之上升,Turkey HSD test发现,在对照组、2、4和6盐度组的耗氧率、排氨率差异明显(P＜0.05).超过0～6的盐度范围时,盐度对幼虾的耗氧率、排氨率影响与对照组的差异显著(P＜0.05).     

潜艇指挥台围壳对阻力和伴流场影响数值研究

采用Reynolds平均Navier-Stokes(RANS)方法计算潜艇三维粘性流场,分析潜艇指挥台围壳对潜艇水动力性能的影响.采用全附体SUBOFF模型验证了CFD方法,通过将螺旋桨盘面处的实效伴流场、艇体表面压力分布以及模型总阻力的模拟结果与Taylor船池的实验结果进行对比.比较结果显示CFD计算结果与实验数据具有很好的一致性,表明CFD方法可以用于潜艇指挥台围壳设计的水动力计算.通过数值计算研究指挥台围壳的高度和在艇上的分布位置对其后方的流场、螺旋桨盘面处的伴流场和阻力的影响.     

Hybrids between olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus and stone flounder Kareius bicoloratus: karyotype, allozyme and RAPD analyses

The hybrid between olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus and stone flounder Kareius bicoloratus was produced by artificial insemination of olive flounder eggs with stone flounder Sperm. Sinistral and dextral are two types of hybrid progeny after metamorphosis. Karyotypes of both hybrid flounders are the same as those of the two parental species. Of the 22 loci examined from 12 allozymes,12 confirmed hybridization of the paternal and matemal loci in hybrids and no difference was found in allozyme patterns of sinistral and dextral hybrid fishes. RAPD patterns of these specimens were also studied with 38 primers selected from 104 tested. Among them, the PCR products of 30 primers showed hybridization of the paternal and maternal bands. Genetic variation between hybrids and their parental stocks was analyzed by RAPD using 10 of the above 38 primers. The average heterozygosity and genetic distance were calculated. The results suggested that the filial generation could inherit a little more genetic materials from paternal fish than that from maternal fish.     

Accumulation of petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals in clams （Ruditapes philippinarum） in Jiaozhou Bay, China

Accumulation and distributions of aliphatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals were measured in tissues of the clam Ruditapes philippinarum collected from 5 sites in Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, China. The concentrations of total aliphatic hydrocarbon and PAHs ranged from 570 to 2 574 ng/gdw (gram dry weight) and from 276 to 939 ng/gdw, in the most and least polluted sites, respectively. The bio-accumulation of hydrocarbons and PAHs in the clams appeared to be selective. Aliphatic hydrocarbons were predominantly represented by short chain (<nC₂₃) n-alkanes, suggesting that petroleum hydrocarbons were likely the major contamination source. The selective uptake of 3 and 4 ring PAHs, such as naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene, by the clams was probably related to the physiological and bio-kinetic processes that were energetically favorable for uptake of compounds with fewer rings. Accumulation of the metals Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Hg, and As in the clam tissues also showed high variability, ranging from 0.043 to 87 μg/gdw. Among the 7 detected metals, Zn, Cd, Cu, and As had a particularly high potential of accumulation in R. philippinarum. In general, a positive correlation was found between the tissue concentrations and sediment concentrations of hydrocarbons and of some metals. Our study suggests that moderate contamination with polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and low to moderate contamination with metals, currently exists for clam R. philippinarum in Jiaozhou Bay, in comparison with other regional studies. A long-term monitoring program is certainly needed for assessment of the potential ecological influence and toxicity of these contaminants of R. philippinarum in Jiaozhou Bay.     

The selection of alkaline protease-producing yeasts fi＇om marine environments and evaluation of their bioactive peptide production

A total of 400 yeast strains from seawater, sediments, saltern mud, marine fish guts, and marine algae were obtained. The protease activity of the yeast cultures was estimated, after which four strains (HN3.11, N11b, YF04C and HN4.9) capable of secreting extracellular alkaline protease were isolated. The isolated strains were identified as Aureobasidium pullulans, Yarrowia lipolytica, Issatchenkia orientalis and Cryptococcus cf. aureus. The optimal pH of the protease activity produced by strains HN3.11, YF04C, and HN4.9 was 9.0, while that of the protease produced by strain N11b was 10.0. The optimal temperature for protease activity was 45°C for strains HN3.11, N11b, and YF04C, and 50°C for strain HN4.9. After digestion of shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) protein and spirulina (Arthospira platensis) protein with the four crude alkaline proteases, the filtrate from spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) powder digested by the crude alkaline protease of strain HN3.11 was found to have the highest antioxidant activity (61.4%) and the highest angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory activities (68.4%). The other filtrates had much lower antioxidant activity and ACE-inhibitory activities.     

罗布泊“大耳朵”地区多源遥感影像数据库的设计与实现

目前,由空间数据引擎管理遥感影像数据的技术已经非常成熟,但在对多源遥感影像数据的合理组织和有效管理以及数据共享方面,还需要寻求更有效的方法。本文在分析不同遥感影像类型的基础上,结合罗布泊“大耳朵”地区研究的需要,设计实现了该区多源遥感影像数据库。讨论了逻辑上设计相同空间分辨率和不同空间分辨率的多源遥感影像数据存储的方法。即根据遥感影像数据的空间分辨率进行分类,并通过遥感影像元数据表建立多源遥感影像数据之间的逻辑关联来组织和管理影像数据的设计方法。该方法的成功运用,为多源遥感影像数据库的设计与建设提供了参考。     

基于嵌入式软核NIOSII的语音无线传输系统

介绍了嵌入式信息家电的主要特点、意义和发展趋势,给出了SOPC技术的概念及涵义,并着重给出了基于嵌入式微处理器NiosⅡ实现语音无线传输系统的一种解决方案.系统应用嵌入式SOPC技术,选用了Altera公司最先进的32位软核嵌入式微处理器NisⅡ并结合无线传输模块PTR8000实现了语音的无线传输和接收.