机载粉剂催化剂播撒设备的研制及其在奥运和残奥消云中的应用

人为引发的下沉气流可以抑制对流云的发展,这一现象已在试验中得到验证。用“人工下沉气流法”实施人工消云试验时,需在云顶大剂量的播撒粉剂催化剂。北京市人工影响天气办公室研制了能完成此类大剂量播撤任务的设备,并通过外场飞行试验对设备进行检验和改进。这是国内人工影响天气领域首个采用空投播撒法的粉剂催化剂播撤设备;可减少催化剂对飞机和播撤设备的污染。分析发现,新设备能够满足人工消云作业中播撒大剂量粉剂催化剂的需要。该设备在北京奥运会、残奥会开闭幕式当日的消云试验作业中投入使用,共实施消云飞行作业9架次,累计利用新设备播撒吸湿性粉剂催化剂34吨。     

黄河三角洲短期暴雨预报系统

在天气学分析的基础上,利用１９９０～１９９５年日本数值预报产品与实时资料相结合,研制黄河三角洲短期暴雨预报系统,经１９９６年使用效果较好。     

青藏高原多,少雪年后期西北干旱区降水的对比分析

利用１９５７－１９９０年高原地区的雪深,地面气温,地温以及西北干旱区部分站强降水量资料等,进行了高原地区多,少雪年积雪特下,地震热状况以及西北干旱区的期降水量的对比分析和相关分析。     

The Representativeness of Air Quality Monitoring Sites in the Urban Areas of a Mountainous City

Lanzhou is a typical mountainous city with severe air pollution in northwestern China. This study uses hourly observational data of air pollutants at five air quality monitoring sites in Lanzhou from July to December 2015 to discuss data quality control and the representativeness of the monitoring sites(four urban sites and one suburban site). A fuzzy matrix is applied to study primary air pollutants. The results show that of the six routinely monitored pollutants,the primary pollutant is PM_10 during the study period. Based on lag correlation analysis and one-way analysis of variance, it is concluded that there are redundant observations at the four urban sites for the timely diffusion and transport of air pollutants from the same general area. The coefficient of divergence(COD) method is then used to evaluate the spatial distribution differences, and the primary air pollutant PM_10 shows differences at each site. COD can be used as a positive indicator to describe site representativeness. To evaluate the overall air pollution in the valley, correlation analysis is performed between the PM_10 concentration retrieved from aerosol optical depth satellite data and the concentration from the four urban monitoring sites. Among these, the correlation between the workers' hospital site data and the retrieval data is the highest, passing the 90% confidence level. A new representative evaluation model for air quality monitoring sites, R_s = 0.77 COD + 0.23R_(retrieval), is established by using COD and correlation coefficients between routine observations and satellite retrieval products. From this model, it can be concluded that the biological products institute site in Lanzhou is the most representative site for the evaluation of air pollution out of the four urban air quality monitoring sites from July to December 2015.     

Investigation of geothermal structure of the Sulawesi,using gravity and magnetic method

The Sulawesi Sea and Sulawesi Island are located in the western Pacific area where volcanic activity,plate subduction,and seismic activity are very active.The Sulawesi basin formed during the Middle Eocene-Late Eocene and nearly half of the Eocene oceanic crust has subducted below the North Sulawesi Trench.The Sulawesi Island was spliced and finalized in the Early Pliocene-Pleistocene during volcanic activity and is recently very active.This area is an optimal location to study volcanic geothermal conditions and subduction initiation mechanisms in the southern part of the western Pacific plate margin,which are important in geothermal and geodynamic research.In this study,we combined 133 heat flow data with gravity and magnetic data to calculate the Moho structure and Curie point depth of the Sulawesi Sea and periphery of the Sulawesi Island,and analyze the distribution characteristics of the geothermal gradient and thermal conductivity.The results show that the average depths of the Moho and Curie surfaces in this area are 18.4 and 14.3 km,respectively,which is consistent with the crustal velocity layer structure in the Sulawesi Basin previously determined by seismic refraction.The average geothermal gradient is 4.96°C(100 m)-1.The oceanic area shows a high geothermal gradient and low thermal conductivity,whereas the land area shows a low geothermal gradient and high thermal conductivity,both of which are consistent with statistical results of the geothermal gradient at the measured heat flow points.The highest geothermal gradient zone occurs in the transition zone from the Sulawesi Sea to Sulawesi Island,corresponding to the spreading ridge of the southward-moving Sulawesi Basin.Comprehensive gravity,magnetic,and geothermal studies have shown a high crustal geothermal gradient in the study area,which is conducive to the subduction initiation.The northern part of the Palu-koro fault on the western side of Sulawesi is likely the location where subduction initiation is occurring.During the process of moving northwest,the northern and eastern branches of Sulawesi Island have different speeds;the former is slow and the latter is fast.These branches also show different deep tectonic dynamic directions;the northern branch tilts north-up and the eastern branch tilts north-down.     

屋盖悬挑端加固减振试验研究

大跨网架屋盖挑檐部分风致响应较大,提出附加杆件、粘弹性阻尼器及粘滞阻尼器三种加固减振方法。设计制作正置四角锥体单元空间网架足尺子结构试验模型,基于带悬挑平屋盖风压分布风洞试验数据,对三种加固足尺子结构试验模型进行不同风向角下风荷载时程的加载。分析结构风致加速度与位移响应,结果表明:附加杆件加固后网架刚度增大,加速度响应增大,位移响应减小;附加粘弹性阻尼器,结构加速度与位移响应均降低;附加粘滞阻尼器,结构加速度响应减小,位移减小效果不明显。     

老挝龙湖钾盐矿床沉积碳酸盐碳、氧同位素组成及其对成钾环境的初步指示

碳、氧同位素作为反映古沉积环境、成矿物源和水–岩反应等良好的稳定同位素指标,被广泛应用。通过对老挝龙湖钾盐矿区ZK309、ZK301、ZK311和ZK004四个钻孔农波组盐岩上覆泥岩碳、氧同位素组成的分析,讨论了盐岩上覆泥岩沉积的碳、氧同位素组成变化特征及其指示的沉积环境。经分析,所测碳、氧同位素基本代表了碳酸盐碳、氧同位素组成,初步推测这些碳酸盐均为当地自生,受后期改变很少,δ13C和δ18O平均值分别为-5.1‰和-4.6‰,其中δ13C值略高于一般陆相碳酸盐碳同位素最大值–5.69‰,δ18O值介于–2.71‰~–10.8‰之间,ZK309和ZK301钻孔碳、氧同位素相关系数均小于0.7,初步指示盐岩沉积之后沉积环境为陆相。δ13C值略高于–5.69‰,推测是后期盐岩层被淋滤,泥岩层受淋滤后的残余卤水影响的结果,这也解释了蒸发岩沉积层序异常(钾石盐覆盖于光卤石之上)的沉积特征。因此,在本研究中,大气水在泥岩碳、氧同位素的变化中扮演了重要角色。     

吉林夹皮沟金矿带黄铁矿热电性及热爆裂特征

通过对夹皮沟金矿带主要载金矿物黄铁矿的热电性和热爆裂特征分析,确定了主成矿世代及各世代矿化类型,预测了深部探矿的可能性。黄铁矿以电子型(N型)为主,极少有空穴型(P型),N型热电系数分布于-347.3～-6.2 μV·℃-1,P型热电系数介于17.4～193.5 μV·℃-1, 成矿温度集中于258.8～319.2 ℃, 剥蚀率为50.260%～50.485%。爆裂曲线反映中低温(＜280 ℃)矿化没有高温(＞290 ℃)矿化好。综合分析认为,夹皮沟金矿带矿化分早期高温世代(热电系数峰值为-120 μV·℃-1,成矿温度峰值为320 ℃)和晚期中低温世代(热电系数值峰值为-210 μV·℃-1,成矿温度峰值为270 ℃)。前者包括石英脉型与蚀变岩型,在矿体走向与夹皮沟主断裂一致及相交的矿区中均有发育;后者属石英脉型,主要在矿体走向与夹皮沟主断裂相交的矿区发育,叠加于高温世代热液矿化之上。高温热液矿化世代是主成矿世代,但有叠加的部位矿化增强。     

罗布泊罗中地区地层浅表裂隙成因及对罗中工程建设的影响分析

国投新疆罗布泊钾盐有限责任公司在罗布泊罗中地区先后进行了20万t钾肥项目采输卤工程、盐田、试验加工厂及120万t钾肥项目盐田等工程建设,在建设过程中发现大量的地层浅表裂缝(简称浅表裂隙),其平面上分布具区域性,走向上具一定方向性,垂直方向延深依地质条件不同而不同,且具有裂缝壁面平直,倾角陡等特性。对工程建设具有一定的危害性。本文就罗中地区地层浅表裂隙的形态特征、空间分布规律、水文地质和工程地质特性及浅表裂隙的形成机理进行描述和分析,并针对其在工程建设中的危害性影响提出对策。     

华北板块南缘中段中上三叠统软沉积变形构造的发现及其地质意义

豫西地区中上三叠统主要出露在济源、义马、伊川和南召一带。印支期秦岭造山运动控制和影响着邻区中上三叠统盆地属性和沉积地层展布。通过观察研究区野外露头剖面,发现中上三叠统发育一系列典型的软沉积变形构造,包括液化底辟、枕状构造、液化柱、液化卷曲变形、负载、球-枕、火焰状构造、液化角砾岩。这些软沉积变形在垂向上表现出明显的复现性,在侧向上表现为沿地层连续展布,表明该时期研究区内地层受到频繁强烈的地震影响。通过对这些软沉积现象的识别和形成机制解释,判定其触发因素为秦岭造山过程中伴生的地震。区内地层中震积岩的存在即是对秦岭造山过程中构造活动的响应。