基底中的澳大利亚微玻陨石：测定铁锰结壳生长速率的一种新方法

Glass(1967)在深海岩心中发现的微玻陨石，根据其地层位置和地理产状，已经被用于将玻陨石和微玻陨石建立起一个成因上的联系，这一点已被其化学性质进一步证实．澳大利亚微玻陨石分布区与布容／松山地磁倒转范围明显有关，由于澳大利亚撞击事件只是瞬时过程，表示的是瞬间的地质记录，所以微玻陨石用于沉积物再生的标志。     

The impact of oestrogenic and androgenic contamination on marine organisms in the United Kingdom--summary of the EDMAR programme. Endocrine Disruption in the Marine Environment

This paper summarises results of the EDMAR programme which is investigating oestrogenic and androgenic endocrine disruption in UK coastal waters. Most of the data concern fish. Four species (flounder, viviparous blenny and two sand gobies) are experiencing feminisation in industrialised estuaries. In males this includes vitellogenin (VTG) synthesis, ovotestis induction and/or feminised sexual characteristics. Although reproductive success may be impaired in some cases, implications for fish populations are still unclear. Suspected causative contaminants include natural oestrogenic substances and synthetic oestrogen mimics. The majority of the oestrogenic activity is adsorbed to sediments, and routes of exposure may include benthic food chain transfer. Some natural androgenic substances are also being discharged to estuaries, but their activity appears low.     

Assemblages of animals around urban structures: testing hypotheses of patterns in sediments under boat-mooring pontoons

Assemblages of animals in soft-sediments were studied in relation to pontoons for mooring private boats in two estuaries near Sydney, Australia. Based on previously observed patterns around other types of artificial structures, it was predicted that assemblages of animals under pontoons would be different from those in similar areas away from pontoons. Hypotheses about overall differences in average abundance and composition between sites with and without pontoons were tested, as were hypotheses about variable differences among and within estuaries. Analyses revealed that there were fewer crustaceans under pontoons in one estuary. The most conspicuous patterns related to pontoons were, however, differences in variability among sites with pontoons compared to sites without pontoons. Differences in spatial variability were found for the overall multivariate structure using Bray-Curtis dissimilarities and for abundances of most major taxa. Total abundance was approximately 60 times more variable among sites without pontoons and number of taxa were seven times more variable among sites with pontoons. Such patterns indicate that impacts of pontoons occur at some sites but not at others. This may be explained by intrinsic differences among sites or by differences in practices for maintenance. Predictions from these two contrasting models need to be tested in order to achieve efficient management of this type of structure.     

Biotransference and biomagnification of selenium copper,cadmium, zinc,arsenic and lead in a temperate seagrass ecosystem from Lake Macquarie Estuary,NSW, Australia

In this study the biotransference of selenium copper, cadmium, zinc, arsenic and lead was measured in a contaminated seagrass ecosystem in Lake Macquarie, NSW, Australia, to determine if biomagnification of these trace metals is occurring and if they reach concentrations that pose a threat to the resident organisms or human consumers. Selenium was found to biomagnify, exceeding maximum permitted concentrations for human consumption within carnivorous fish tissue, the highest trophic level examined. Selenium concentrations measured within carnivorous fish were also above those shown to elicit sub-lethal effects in freshwater fish. As comparisons are made to selenium concentrations known to effect freshwater fish, inferences must be made with caution. There was no evidence of copper, cadmium, zinc or lead biomagnification within the food web examined. Copper, cadmium, zinc and lead concentrations were below concentrations shown to elicit adverse responses in biota. Copper concentrations within crustaceans M. bennettae and P. palagicus were found to exceed maximum permitted concentrations for human consumption. It is likely that copper concentrations within these species were accumulated due to the essential nature of this trace metal for many species of molluscs and crustaceans. Arsenic showed some evidence of biomagnification. Total arsenic concentrations are similar to those found in other uncontaminated marine ecosystems, thus arsenic concentrations are unlikely to cause adverse effects to aquatic organisms. Inorganic arsenic concentrations are below maximum permitted concentrations for human consumption.     

The influence of long emersion on biota, ammonium fluxes and nitrification in intertidal sediments of Marennes-Oléron Bay, France

A comparative study between waterlogged and reflooded intertidal sediments was undertaken in March and June 1999 through statistical analysis of selected sediment parameters (biota, salinity, O2, Eh), pool sizes and benthic fluxes of nutrients (NH4+, NO2-, NO3-) and nitrification rates. In March samples, absence of polychaetes and oligochaetes from upper sediment horizons were due to erosional events sweeping away surface sediments. Presence of richer annelid assemblages in June samples indicated more stable hydrodynamic conditions that favoured the development of benthic microalgae biofilms. Dewatering of sediments during a 3-day emersion period promoted a salinity rise on top layers, migration of pore water ions towards the sediment surface, and created sediment fissures that accelerated water exchange on reflooding. Reflooded and waterlogged sediment systems were comparable with respect to the release of NH4+ to overlying water but were different with respect to nitrification rates. Sediment-water NH4+ fluxes were higher (P = 0.011) in March (3.3 mmol m(-2) day(-1) compared to June (1.4 mmol m(-2) day(-1) due to higher macrofauna biomasses and lower benthic microalgae concentrations in March samples. Potential nitrification rates (range from 19 to 60 mmol NO3- (-2) day(-1)) were not statistically different between March and June. A thinner oxic layer in reflooded compared with waterlogged systems reflects a decrease of O2 diffusion into sediment at high salinities which resulted in the fall of the actual nitrification rates (P < 0.05). Our data suggest that long term dessication of intertidal sediments may depress the nitrification process at the ecosystem level.     

南极西部埃尔斯沃思山脉罗斯造山运动的地层学证据：冈瓦纳古太平洋边缘的演化

南极西部埃尔斯沃思山脉罗斯造山运动的地层学证据：冈瓦纳古太平洋边缘的演化Ｐ．Ｍ．Ｇｏｌｄｓｔｒａｎｄ等冈瓦纳重建过程中存在着一个长期的疑问，即埃尔斯沃思山脉的古生代地层的明显整合与横贯南极山脉的大地构造史相矛盾，这两座山脉在中生代冈瓦纳分裂之前通常认...     

印度洋马约特（Mayotte）礁过去34ka以来的海平面变化和δ^18O记录

印度洋马约特（Ｍａｙｏｔｔｅ）礁过去３４ｋａ以来的海平面变化和δ￣（１８）Ｏ记录ＭｉｃｈｅｌＣｏｌｏｎｎａ等很少有资料证明以冰期后时期珊瑚礁为依据的海平面曲线，只有一条过去１７０００多年的参考曲线取自巴巴多斯近海处区域上受晚第四纪隆起影响的化石礁。考...     

Cell responses to xenobiotics: comparison of MCF7 multi-drug- and mussel blood cell multi-xenobiotic-defense mechanisms

Multi-drug resistance (MDR) in MCF7 breast cancer cells and multi-xenobiotic resistance (MXR) in mussel (Mytilus edulis) blood cells (MBC) are well known mechanisms that contribute to the decrease in intracellular concentrations of many unrelated but cytotoxic compounds. In the present work, we have carried out comparative investigations of the MDR/MXR protective mechanisms using a rapid colorimetric assay for cell viability and calcein accumulation for MDR/MXR activities. These studies were performed using cultured MCF7 and MBC before and after in vitro exposure to xenobiotics. Our results indicate that a 5-day exposure to doxorubicin or vincristine decreased calcein accumulation in MBC which is consistent with an induction of multi-xenobiotic resistance. The increase in calcein accumulation provoked by 1-h treatment with 50 microM verapamil was much lower in MBC when compared to the P-glycoprotein overexpressing MCF7 cell line. We conclude that such microplate assays could be used in primary cultures of MBC to estimate the effects of various chemicals on MXR activity.     

晚弗拉斯期缺氧事件——弗拉斯-法门阶动物危机的原因？

弗拉斯-法门期(晚泥盆世)动物灭绝事件是显生宙五次主要生物事件中的一次，在此事件中，大约有21％的海洋生物科和50％的生物属消亡，低纬度热带生物礁生态系和浅水海洋动物所受影响最为严重，而高纬度生态系，深水生物和陆地动、植物群仅受到微弱影响，对于该事件的持续时期和最终原因存在广泛分岐。