Laboratory detection of a new interstellar free radical CH2CN(2B1)

An asymmetric-top free radical CH2CN, which as a 2B1 ground state, was detected for the first time by laboratory microwave spectroscopy. The radical was produced in a free-space absorption cell by a DC glow discharge in pure CH3CN gas. About 60 fine-structure components were observed for the N = 11-10 to 14-13 a-type rotational transitions in the frequency region of 220-260 GHz, and many hyperfine resolved components for the N = 4-3 and 5-4 transitions in the 80 and 100 GHz regions, respectively. The molecular constants, including the rotational constants, centrifugal distortion constants, and spin-rotation coupling constants with centrifugal distortion correction terms were determined from the fine-structure resolved transitions, and the hyperfine coupling constants due to the hydrogen and nitrogen nuclei were obtained from the low-N transitions. As a result we assigned U100602 and U80484 from Sgr B2, and U40240 and U20120 from TMC-1, to the N = 5-4, 4-3, 2-1, and 1-0 transitions with K-1 = 0 of the CH2CN radical.     

Cryptoendolithic lichen and cyanobacterial communities of the Ross Desert, Antarctica

Cryptoendolithic microbial communities in the Ross Desert (McMurdo Dry Valleys) are characterized on the basis of photosynthetic microorganisms and fungi. Two eukaryotic communities (the lichen-dominated and Hemichloris communities) and three cyanobacterial communities (the red Gloeocapsa, Hormathonema-Gloeocapsa, and Chroococcidiopsis communities) are described. Eleven coccoid, one pleurocapsoid, and five filamentous cyanobacteria occurring in these communities are characterized and illustrated. The moisture grade of the rock substrate seems to affect pH, formation of primary iron stain, and the distribution of microbial communities.     

环境变化对中亚干旱区水储量变化的影响（英文）

The spatio-temporal pattern of the global water resource has significantly changed with climate change and intensified human activities. The regional economy and ecological environment are highly affected by terrestrial water storage(TWS), especially in arid areas. To investigate the response relationships between TWS and changing environments(climate change and human activities) in Central Asia, we used the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(GRACE) data, Climatic Research Unit(CRU) climate data and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) remote sensing data products(MOD16A2, MOD13A3 and MCD12Q1) from 2003 to 2013, as well as the slope and Pearson correlation analysis methods. Results indicate that:(1) TWS in about 77% of the study area decreased from 2003 to 2013. The total change volume of TWS is about 2915.6 × 108 m~3. The areas of decreased TWS are mainly distributed in the middle of Central Asia, while the areas of increased TWS are concentrated in the middle-altitude regions of the Kazakhstan hills and Tarim Basin.(2) TWS in about 5.91% of areas, mainly distributed in the mountain and piedmont zones, is significantly positively correlated with precipitation, while only 3.78% of areas show significant correlation between TWS and temperature. If the response time was delayed by three months, there would be a very good correlation between temperature and TWS.(3) There is a significantly positive relationship between TWS and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) in 13.35% of the study area.(4) The area of significantly positive correlation between TWS and evapotranspiration is about 31.87%, mainly situated in mountainous areas and northwestern Kazakhstan. The reduction of regional TWS is related to precipitation more than evaporation. Increasing farmland area may explain why some areas show increasing precipitation and decreasing evapotranspiration.(5) The influences of land use on TWS are still not very clear. This study could provide scientific data useful for the estimation of changes in TWS with climate change and human activities.     

通过中非合作推动在非洲实施“气候、生态与生计”综合途径（英文）

非洲的可持续发展面临挑战与机遇。对于非洲大陆来说,"气候、生态与生计"(CEL)综合途径是通过整合力量实现可持续发展的一种有效方式。本文在对多个机构特别是联合国环境规划署国际生态系统管理伙伴计划(UNEP-IEMP)在非洲开展的工作进行总结的基础上,探讨了非洲在实施CEL综合途径方面的需求及机会,提出了未来在中非合作框架下如何推动实施CEL途径的看法。主要结论是,非洲是实施CEL途径的重点地区之一;UNEP-IEMP已经开展了几项重大行动,为在非洲实施CEL途径打下了基础;但应在中国和非洲现有的合作机构、网络和项目基础上建立广泛的合作伙伴关系,以支持未来关于CEL综合途径的中非合作。     

Choice of conodont Idiognathodus simulator （sensu stricto） as the event marker for the base of the global Gzhelian Stage （Upper Pennsylvanian Series,Carboniferous System）

We propose that the level at which the conodont species Idiognathodus simulator （Ellison 1941） （sensu stricto） first appears be selected to mark the base of the Gzhelian Stage, because we believe that this is the optimal level by which this boundary can be correlated. This taxon has a short range and a wide distribution, as shown by correlation of glacial-eustatic cyclothems across the Kasimovian-Gzhelian boundary interval among Midcontinent North America and the Moscow and Donets basins of eastern Europe, based on scale of the cyclothems along with several aspects of biostrati- graphy. Outside of these areas, I. simulator （sensu stricto） is known also from other parts of the U.S., and is reported from the southern Urals and south-central China in its expected position between other widespread taxa. Its first appearance is consistent with the current ammonoid placement of the boundary （first appearance of Shumardites cuyleri）, and it is also compatible with certain aspects of the distribution of Eurasian fusulinid faunas （e.g., lectotype ofRauserites rossicus）.     

Diagenesis and Metamorphism of Triassic Flysch Along Profile Zoigê-Lushan, Northwest Sichuan, China

We used illite and chlorite crystallinities, index minerals, mineral assemblages, polytype and domain size of white mica, electron microprobe analysis (EMPA), b0 geobarometer and chlorite geothermometer to quantify the diagenetic and metamorphic overprint on the Triassic flysch formations in the Songpan-Garzê orogen along profile Zoigê-Lushan, northwest Sichuan. Two anchizones, two epizones, one diagenetic zone and a transition belt in-between them are defined on the basis of the obtained data. Illite crystallinity correlates strongly with the best mean domain size of mica and moderately with chlorite crystallinity. 2M1 white mica polytype are observed within the epizone whilst 2M1 and 1M polytypes occur in the anchizone and diagenetic zone. Epizonal metamorphism reached maximum temperatures of 370oC±21oC at low-to intermediate pressure conditions. Clay minerals underwent Ostwald ripening during metamorphism. Rocks from both sides of the Longmenshan fault reveal contrasting degrees of metamorphic overprint: on the northwest side of the Longmenshan fault, epimetamorphic conditions contrast with diagenetic rocks on the southeast side.     

地图三国——赤壁之战前传

距今整整1800年的公元208年,东汉献帝建安十三年,在中国的第一大河——长江边上,发生了一场旷古未有的战争,这是当时中国历史上场面最为宏大的战役,它改变了中国历史走势,便是这四百年两汉一统局面彻底瓦解。而各路精英的会聚,各方智慧的较量。又使得这场战争成为中国历史上最为经典的战例之一,成为历来迁客骚人发思古之幽情的最佳源泉,“折戟沉沙铁末销,自将磨洗认前朝;东风不与周郎便。铜雀春深锁二乔”便是其中一例。     

基于WebGIS的内蒙古人工影响天气区域联防平台的设计与实现

为了实现人工影响天气区域联防作业模式,利用Web GIS技术,设计研发了内蒙古人工影响天气区域联防平台,由综合监测、作业指导、空域申请、作业监控和效果分析等5个模块组成。平台满足了自治区、盟市、旗县和作业点的业务功能需求,涵盖了监测预报、作业监控指挥、效果计算和信息上报等人工影响天气各阶段业务功能,同时打通了相邻作业单位之间的信息传递通道,实现了天气系统上下游地区的互联互通和重点作业潜力区的联合作业模式,为提升人工影响天气作业能力提供了技术支撑。     

美国公众参与理论与实践及其对中国土地整治的借鉴

采用文献分析、对比分析等方法研究美国公众参与理论与实践,以期为中国土地整治公众参与提供借鉴。结果表明:美国公众参与理论比较成熟,联邦及州政府法律要求公众参与规划、决策等,部门、协会等制定了公众参与手册,公众参与技术方法多样且有针对性。中国可借鉴美国公众参与做法,加强土地整治公众参与理论研究,建立健全土地整治公众参与法律制度,编制土地整治公众参与手册,采用多样的公众参与技术方法,从而完善中国土地整治理论,提高土地整治科学性和综合效益。     

Deformation monitoring and analysis at two frost mounds during freeze–thaw cycles along the Qinghai–Tibet Engineering Corridor

This paper presents various deformation-monitoring technologies employed to monitor the frost heave and thaw settlement of two mounds along the Qinghai–Tibet Engineering Corridor(QTEC), China. The QTEC is known as a critical infrastructure and passage connecting inland China and the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau(QTP). Three technologies—global navigation satellite system(GNSS), terrestrial laser scanning(TLS), and unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)—were used to estimate the freeze/thaw–induced 3D surface deformation of two frost mounds. Our results showed that (1) the two frost mounds exhibited mainly thaw settlement in thawing periods and frost heave in the freezing period, but frost heave dominated after repeated freeze–thaw cycles;(2) different zones of the mounds showed different deformation characteristics;(3) active-layer thickness(ALT) and elevation changes were highly correlated during thaw periods;(4) integrated 3D-measurement technologies can achieve a better understanding and assessment of hazards in the permafrost area.