Sources of monsoon precipitation and dew assessed in a semiarid area via stable isotopes

Precipitation is usually the primary source of water for the hydrological cycle in a semiarid area. However, dew occurs frequently and affects water circulation dramatically in the west of Jilin Province in China. Measurements of the amount of dew formed and precipitation were carried out from July 2012 to October 2013 in the Momoge Natural Reserve. The results indicated that moisture from primary precipitation in the summer originated from the East Asian monsoon and was affected by the atmospheric circulation in the middle and high latitudes of Eurasia in the winter. The dew amount was approximately 19.44 mm (approximately 5% of the total rainfall amount), consisting of the evapotranspiration in the local area and atmospheric moisture. Dew also supplies nutrients to the local vegetation. The maximum contribution of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and potassium in unit corn area could reach 288.60, 27.46, and 291.63 mg/m² in half a month, respectively. The wind speed, relative humidity, and lowest temperature were the primary factors that dramatically affected dew formation and amount. As an additional source of fresh water, dew not only had a positive impact on the ecosystem in arid and semiarid zones but also played an important role in the local water cycle and other ecological processes. This research has important implications for water circulation and land use management.     

Late Pleistocene and Holocene extreme hydrological event records from slackwater flood deposits of the Ankang east reach in the upper Hanjiang River valley,China

This paper reports an investigation into palaeoflooding along the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River valley, China. Based on the sedimentary evidence of the palaeohydrological regime, two bedsets of palaeoflood slackwater deposits (SWDs) were identified interbedded within the Holocene loess–soil sequence along the riverbanks of the Ankang east reach. Optical Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating and stratigraphical correlation with previously dated sites were used to reconstruct the chronology of the palaeoflood events. The results show that the palaeoflood events represented by SWD1 occurred between 13 000 and 12 400 a, coincident with the climatic transition from the Bølling–Allerød (BL+AL) stage to the Younger Dryas (YD) event. The palaeoflood events recorded by SWD2 were dated to 1000–800 a, corresponding to the later stages of the North Song Dynasty (AD 960–1127) and the subsequent South Song Dynasty (AD 1127–1279), which was a time of climatic decline according to historical documents. Palaeoflood discharges were estimated using the step‐backwater method, and the peak discharges were estimated to be in the range 35 200–47 400 m³ s^?1. These results are of significance to our understanding of the regional hydrological response to global climatic change, the utilization of water resources, hydraulic engineering, flood control and disaster reduction.     

Influence of Morphology of Sliding Surface on Its Seepage Characteristics and Slope Stability Under Fluctuations in Reservoir Water Level

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - The fluctuation in reservoir water level is one of the key external factors affecting the stability of slopes. Finite element models are established for...     

季风槽环境中暴雨中尺度对流系统的分析与数值预报试验

应用地面降水观测资料、卫星云图、雷达回波以及NCEP再分析资料,对华南沿海受季风槽影响下发生的一次持续性暴雨的中尺度对流系统（MCS）进行分析,并探讨采用数值模式对中尺度对流系统降水进行预报的可能性。分析表明,暴雨由多个相继发展的中尺度对流系统造成。在相似环境中,不同中尺度对流系统发展形态和水平尺度有较大差异,最大可组织发展成α中尺度对流复合体（MCC）,但一般为β中尺度线状或带状对流系统。对其中发展形态分别表现为椭圆形中尺度对流复合体（MCS-2）和带状β中尺度对流系统（MCS-4）的对比分析发现,对流的起始发展均发生在夜间,与季风槽中低空急流的南风脉动有良好对应关系。基于临近探空资料的诊断发现,被认为对中尺度对流系统组织发展有指示作用的关键物理量如对流有效位能（CAPE）和风垂直切变难以区分不同中尺度对流系统的发展形态和趋势,探空资料的代表性将影响诸如“配料法”等暴雨客观预报方法的建立和应用。利用华南区域中心GRAPES（GRAPES_GZ）数值模式对两个中尺度对流系统进行的模拟预报结果表明,采用数值模式对中尺度对流系统降水进行显式预报已成为可能。比较而言,3 km水平分辨率模式可以更好地预报出暴雨的发生,但结果对是否调用对流参数化（CP）方案敏感。尽管不依靠对流参数化方案模式能够较好地预报出中尺度对流系统初始降水的发生,但会过度预报发展成熟后的降水。模式中如何描述中尺度对流系统对流的组织发展机制、如何处理对流参数化方案的“灰色区分辨率”问题需要仔细考虑。      

Economic benefit assessment of the geo-hazard monitoring and warning engineering system in the Three Gorges Reservoir area: a case study of the landslide in Zigui

The completion and operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir in China have increased the frequency of geo-hazards and dangers in the area. To monitor and to warn of geo-hazards effectively, the Chinese government has invested billions of funds for constructing a monitoring and warning engineering system. Similar to other social infrastructure investments, a reasonable assessment of investment returns is necessary. Therefore, this study proposes an economic benefit assessment model, which considers both the expected and the actual values. The economic benefit of the geo-hazard monitoring and warning engineering in the Three Gorges Reservoir areas is evaluated. Based on the engineering characteristics, the model reasonably defines the frontier of the input and output and adds the casualties and the losses of ecological environment into the economic benefit evaluation index system. A case study on the Zhangjiawan landslide in Guojiaba Town, Zigui County, was conducted. The evaluation results show that (1) land has the largest benefit in direct reductional loss (total of 56.7 %), while the largest indirect reductional losses of the hazard-bearing bodies are in agricultural production and ecological environment (total of 97.6 %); (2) the costs-to-expected return ratio of landslide monitoring and warning engineering is 1:280, whereas the cost-to-actual benefit ratio is 1:30; (3) the accumulation of relevant information and the public knowledge of geological disasters should be strengthened.     

硫酸盐型钾盐浮选尾矿的矿质分析及浸取实验研究

针对青海大浪滩盐湖地区钾盐浮选尾矿,研究了尾矿中钾盐的赋存形式,并探索了以稀释老卤为溶剂浸取尾矿中钾的优化条件。结果表明,钾主要以钾石盐矿的形式存在于尾矿中,该矿样属于典型的硫酸镁亚型矿质。同时,考察了不同稀释倍数的老卤的物理性质变化,得到了室温条件下该钾盐浮选尾矿最适宜的浸取条件,老卤/淡水的比例为1∶4,固/液比为3∶2,搅拌反应1 h。在优化条件下,得到了钾离子含量为3.93%的富钾卤水,此时K+浸取率达到86.9%,该卤水进一步蒸发结晶可得到软钾镁矾。本研究为低品位硫酸盐型钾矿的综合开发利用提供了数据支持和参考。     

镇村空间结构重构相关理论研究述评

当前,中国镇村空间结构正发生着历史性的转型与重构。系统总结、梳理镇村空间结构重构的相关理论与实践研究成果,有利于促进城乡建设理论研究,科学指导镇村空间结构优化活动。采取文献综述法和归纳分析法,着重述评了镇村空间结构基本内涵、镇村空间结构重构的基础理论、镇村空间结构演变规律、镇村空间结构形态和镇村空间结构重构的影响因素及其驱动机制等方面的研究成果,并从研究内容、研究尺度、价值取向和研究方法 4个方面分析了今后应重点关注的研究方向。     

基于MORPAS平台特征分析法找矿靶区预测——以大平梁外围铜钼多金属矿为例

通过对帕尔干布拉克地区地质条件和典型矿床研究,综合地质、物探、化探、遥感等找矿信息,建立研究区铜钼多金属矿综合信息找矿模型。选取地层、构造、物化探、遥感等13个预测变量,基于MORPAS平台采用特征分析法对研究区进行成矿预测,圈定了3个A级、2个B级和3个C级找矿靶区。研究结果表明,针对矿产少,矿床类型单一的研究区的找矿预测采用特征分析法是很有效的综合预测分析方法。     

长江中下游铜陵及邻区中生代中酸性侵入岩地球化学特征及其深部岩浆作用探讨

长江中下游铜陵及其邻区的中生代侵入岩极其发育,岩石类型多样.本文通过对该区已获得的高精度成岩年龄数据的综合整理,结合系统的岩石地球化学测试数据,对长江中下游铜陵地区中生代侵入岩进行了岩带划分并提出了可能的岩浆作用模型.铜陵地区中生代中酸性岩浆侵入活动时间集中分段、空间分带明确,从北到南依次分为庐枞带、铜陵外带和铜陵内带...