孟湾风暴数值模拟实验及其结构特征分析

利用MM5V3中尺度数值模式对2003年5月19日登陆的盂湾风暴进行了数值模拟分析,讨论了风暴中心移动路径．分析了风暴在海上以及登陆前后的流场、动力场和热力场结构。研究结果表明,风暴中心的模拟路径与实况虽有一定误差,但总趋势均向西北偏北方向移动,表明模式对本个例的模拟预报可以参考。由于地形作用,盂湾风暴的动力结构和热力结构均发生一系列改变。     

地面气象观测站自动检测系统研究

为了解决目前的计量检定标准设备和方法不适于地面气象观测站仪器,检测的自动化水平及工作效率低等矛盾,研究设计了地面气象观测站自动检测系统,特点是将地面气象观测站的温度、湿度、大气压力、风速风向和降水等传感器和地面气象观测站的数据采集器分开进行性能的自动检测.传感器自动检测系统采用多通道设计,可同时进行多个传感器的自动检测并自动输出检测结果.数据采集器自动检测系统可以对气象台站使用的各种不同的地面气象观测站数据采集器系统进行性能测试.文章所设计的地面气象观测站自动检测系统提高了地面自动观测仪器的检测效率,确保了各台站的地面气象自动观测仪器观测数据的准确可靠.     

雷电临近预警系统的运行试验

介绍了中国气象科学研究院研发的雷电临近预警系统(CAMSLNWS)在北京地区开展的业务运行试验.通过运行测试以及预警结果与闪电监测结果的对比评估,表明:CAMS.LNWS能够稳定运行,定时读取多种探测资料、自动生成并循环显示雷电发生概率、雷电活动区域移动趋势和重点区域雷电危险度等级三种雷电临近预警产品;CAMS.LNWS的雷电发生概率预警产品具有较高的命中率,能够较好地对0～30min内可能发生闪电的区域进行有效预警;随着预警时间的延长,CAMS.LNWS的预警效果会有所降低.     

Urban and rural observations of carboxylic acids in rainwater in Southwest of China: the impact of urbanization

Seven carboxylic acids in rainwater were simultaneously determined using ion chromatography for 13 months in two different sites, Guiyang and Shangzhong, southwest of China. Results showed formic, acetic and oxalic acids were the three predominant carboxylic acids. Their volume-weighted average concentrations were 14.24, 9.35, 2.79 μmol/L in Guiyang and 4.95, 1.35, 2.31 μmol/L in Shangzhong, respectively. A distinctive diurnal pattern in carboxylic acid concentrations (daytime>nighttime, t test, p < 0.05) was observed during the growing season in Guiyang. Shangzhong witnessed higher concentration of these acids during the growing season than that during the non-growing season. Direct emissions from growing vegetation or soils probably account for the main provenance of the acids in the rural area. However, the opposite trend were found in Guiyang and the anthropogenic sources during the non-growing season were the main reason. By comparison of our result with the previous data about 20 years ago, we calculated that at least 42% of acetic acids and 69% of formic acid originated from the anthropogenic sources in Guiyang. Furthermore, the ratio of formate/acetate in gas phase larger than 1 suggest the oxidation of unsaturated hydrocarbons from the human activity and/or natural sources were the main origin of carboxylic acids in Guiyang. While The F/A ratio in gas phase was less than 1 in Shangzhong which indicate the direct emissions from biogenic sources. Oxalic acid was in similar amounts in both sites, indicating the common source of the acid.     

一种改进的电法勘探技术在探测隐伏溶洞的应用

贵州岩溶地貌分布广泛,地质情况非常复杂,严重影响重大工程建设和地下水安全,文章提出一种改进的电法勘探技术,对不良地质体勘查取得了成功应用。以直流电法理论为基础,该方法是根据视电阻率微分统计原理,由电流密度分布规律与供电电极AB两极分布总存在着一定的对应关系,在野外同一供电测线(剖面)上,通过不断加密改变供电极距AB的位置,观测测量电极MN之间的电性参数变化,求取剖面相应纵向空间上,较大深度的(近地表的)近似连续视电阻率地电断面异常。此方法在深300 m以浅的岩溶区隐患排查中取得较好勘查效果,对煤矿钻孔及页岩气钻孔的选址探测误差能够控制在7%以内,值得进一步探索实践。     

Application of a New Qeneration of Geophonesto Improve Seismic Acquisitionin Onshore-offshore Transition Areas

In this paper, we review the differences between velocity geophones （VG） and acceleration geophones （AG） and their effect on seismic signals acquired in onshore-offshore transition areas. We present a new generation of Land Piezoelectric Geophone （LPG） and analyze its performance. Our field experiments demonstrate that our new LPG can be used to substitute for VGs in order to eliminate phase, frequency and energy differences between different geophone systems commonlv used in transition areas.     

兰州大尖山地震台阵勘址

介绍了兰州大尖山核试验监测地震台阵的勘址工作，包括本地区的地质背景、气象条件以及中心建筑（CRF）和各子台建筑的的工程地质情况。该台阵投入观测后表明：台阵所在地区的气象、地质条件等观测环境完全满足全面禁止核试验条约组织国际监测系统（CTBTO／MS）勘选台阵的要求。兰州大尖山地震台阵的建成，进一步提高了甘肃省兰州市及周边地区微震活动的监测能力。     

基于离散点绘制等高线算法的研究

等高线图在实际工作中应用非常广泛，在离散点数据的基础上自动生成等高线图有许多算法。本文着重讨论了如何在采集离散点时加入编码的基础上，尽量减少或不进行人工干预，基于有约束的TIN构建方法一次性生成等高线图。实践表明该方法能够明显加快成图速度与提高等高线成图的精度。     

蒙古国植被自然恢复潜力

植被自然恢复能力评估是生态恢复实践的重要内容。基于蒙古国的MODIS EVI植被指数产品、气象数据及土壤数据,依据相似生境原则,构建了植被恢复潜力计算模式,计算得到蒙古国植被恢复潜力值（VRP,可代表在自然条件下区域植被能够恢复到的最佳状况）及植被恢复潜力指数（VRPI,代表植被生长现状与最大潜力之间的差距）,并用蒙古国纵贯铁路沿线长期围封区的采样分析数据进行了验证。结果表明：（1）蒙古国整体上具有较高的植被恢复潜力,植被自然恢复潜力值0.6—0.9;（2）受降水、气温、土壤等自然要素组配的空间分异影响,蒙古国植被自然恢复潜力具有较大的空间差异性,其中北部及东部地区为VRP高值区和VRPI低值区,植被轻度退化,且较容易恢复;南部及西部地区为VRP中低值区和VRPI高值区,植被退化程度较重,恢复难度相对较大。