Impact of fractional probability distributions on statistics of hydraulic conductivity,dynamics of groundwater flow and solute transport at a low-permeability site

The fractional Brownian motion (fBm) and fractional Lévy motion (fLm) can easily describe the geometry and the statistical structure of hydraulic conductivity (K) for real-world. However, the fBm and fLm models have not been systematically evaluated when building the K field for a low-permeability site. In this study, both the fBm and fLm are used to simulate the low-K field at NingCheGu (NCG), Tianjin, China. Groundwater flow and solute transport are then computed using MODFLOW and MT3DMS, respectively, and the influence of the fBm/fLm models for K on groundwater flow and solute transport is discussed. Results show that the fLm fits better the statistics of the low-K medium than fBm, and the random logarithmic K (LnK) field generated by fLm is more stable because the resultant LnK field captures more of the measured properties at the field site than that generated by fBm. In contrast, the LnK generated by fBm is more likely to form both high-K channels and low-K barriers. The fBm therefore predicts more extreme behaviours in flow and transport, including the preferential flow, low-concentration blocks and solute retention. The overall groundwater renewal period and solute travel time for the fLm simulation are slightly shorter than those for fBm. The impacts of the fLm and fBm models on the statistics of the resultant LnK fields and the dynamics of groundwater flow and solute transport revealed by this study shed light on the selection and evaluation of the fractional probability distribution models in capturing the K fields for low-K media.     

GIS-based Mineral Prospectivity Mapping of Seafloor Massive Sulfide on Ultraslow-spreading Ridges: A Case Study of Southwest Indian Ridge 48.7°–50.5° E

With the depletion of mineral resources on land, seafloor massive sulfide deposits have the potential to become as important for exploration, development and mining as those on land. However, it is difficult to investigate the ocean environment where seafloor massive sulfide deposits are located. Thus, improving prospecting efficiency by reducing the exploration search space through mineral prospectivity mapping (MPM) is desirable. MPM has been used in the exploration for seafloor deposits on regional scales, e.g., the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and Arctic Ridge. However, studies of MPM on ultraslow-spreading ridges on segment scales to aid exploration for seafloor massive sulfide have not been carried out to date. Here, data of water depth, geology and hydrothermal plume anomalies were analyzed and the weights-of-evidence method was used to study the metallogenic regularity and to predict the potential area for seafloor massive sulfide exploration in 48.7°–50.5° E segments on the ultraslow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge. Based on spatial analysis, 11 predictive maps were selected to establish a mineral potential model. Weight values indicate that the location of seafloor massive sulfide deposits is correlated mainly with mode-E faults and oceanic crust thickness in the study area, which correspond with documented ore-controlling factors on other studied ultraslow-spreading ridges. In addition, the detachment fault and ridge axis, which reflect the deep hydrothermal circulation channel and magmatic activities, also play an important role. Based on the posterior probability values, 3 level A, 2 level B and 2 level C areas were identified as targets for further study. The MPM results were helpful for narrowing the search space and have implications for investigating and evaluating seafloor massive sulfide resources in the study area and on other ultraslow-spreading ridges.

     

基于COSI-Corr技术的龙羊峡库区1987—2019年风沙输移特征及潜在入库量估算

风沙活动威胁着龙羊峡水库的安全运营,查清沙害来源和入库量对于防治水患和沙害具有重要意义。基于1987、1995、2003、2013、2019年的Landsat卫星影像,利用COSI-Corr技术监测了龙羊峡库区不同时空的沙丘移动特征,并重新评估库区近32 a的潜在风沙入库量。结果显示：（1）1987—2019年龙羊峡库区沙丘平均移动速率为5.81 m·a^-1,呈先加速（1987—2003年）后减速（2003—2013年）再加速（2013—2019年）趋势;沙丘移动方向在132.81°—165.82°范围内,与该区主风向一致。（2）近32 a向龙羊峡水库输送的潜在风沙量可达7.82×10⁷ m3（1.20×10⁸ t）。上风向塔拉滩潜在输送量为7.38×10⁷ m3（1.14×10⁸ t）,下风向木格滩仅贡献了0.44×10⁷ m3（0.68×10⁷ t）。（3）库区内风沙输移受风况、气候、植被等多种因素的影响,在未来全球变暖条件下,青藏高原的风沙活动将会持续发展,风沙入库量的长期累计效应将对水库安全构成严重威胁,必须引起足够重视。     

从锈带到先进制造业集群：资源型经济转型及高质量发展的路径探析

资源型经济转型是我国经济高质量发展及区域协调发展的重要掣肘和关键突破口,同时先进制造业集群已成为提升全球竞争力和创新能力的区域根基。本文主要结合德国德累斯顿区域和美国阿克伦城市群从锈带到世界级先进制造业集群的发展历程,剖析其资源型经济转型及集群化高质量发展的共性路径特征,总结其经验启示。研究发现,区域发展过程是路径创造与演化的过程,德累斯顿区域和阿克伦城市群均持续专注于一到两项界限分明的科技创新建立区域转型发展的磁极,本地蜂鸣与全球网络以及二者之间的互动是转型发展的主导力量;采用以主体多元化、领域跨界化、结构扁平化、组织开放化为主要特征的网络化创新组织模式,有效推动形成了政产学研用协同创新共同体和创新型产业集群;空间组织形态兼顾本区域的地理空间集聚和跨区域的集群间协作;集群组织等网络化协作组织在促进本地技术创新网络、跨区域协同合作网络以及本地-全球互动网络构建和发展中发挥着非常重要的“织网人”作用。建议我国资源型经济区域全面对接国家创新驱动发展战略及集群策动战略,专注于一到两项界限分明的科技创新,以本地根植性为聚集核,以培育发展创新型产业集群为导向,制定区域经济转型与集群化高质量发展的完整路径,同时加快建立集群组织、联盟组织等网络化协作组织,通过其“织网人”和“粘合剂”作用推动构建本地技术创新网络和全球协同创新网络,推进区域发展路径的演化与转型。     

Dynamic features of near-inertial oscillations in the Northwestern Pacific derived from mooring observations from 2015 to 2018

Near-inertial oscillation is an important physical process transferring surface wind energy into deep ocean.We investigated the near-inertial kinetic energy(NIKE) variability using acoustic Doppler current profiler measurements from a mooring array deployed in the tropical western Pacific Ocean along130°E at 8.5°N,11°N,12.6°N,15°N,and 17.5°N from September 2015 to January 2018.Spatial features,decay timescales,and significant seasonal variability of the observed NIKE were described.At the mooring sites of 17.5°N,15°N,and 12.6°N,the NIKE peaks occurred in boreal autumn and the NIKE troughs were observed in boreal spring.By contrast,the NIKE at 11°N and 8.5°N showed peaks in winter and troughs in summer.Tropical cyclones and strong wind events played an important role in the emergence of high-NIKE events and explained the seasonality and latitudinal characteristics of the observed NIKE.     

Forecast Error and Predictability for the Warm-sector and the Frontal Rainstorm in South China

In south China, warm-sector rainstorms are significantly different from the traditional frontal rainstorms due to complex mechanism, which brings great challenges to their forecast. In this study, based on ensemble forecasting, the high-resolution mesoscale numerical forecast model WRF was used to investigate the effect of initial errors on a warmsector rainstorm and a frontal rainstorm under the same circulation in south China, respectively. We analyzed the sensitivity of forecast errors to the...     

无人机航拍摄影获取大比例尺DOM的研究

在我国各领域信息化建设均飞速发展的形势下,无人机航拍摄影技术以其无人化、全自动化、高效率化、高分辨率化的优势,成为航空遥感的主要发展趋势之一。本文简述了法门寺景区1:2 000数字正射影像(DOM)的实际生产,以实践为基础对无人机航拍摄影的具体应用进行研究探讨,并通过对成果数据的精度分析,验证了无人机航拍摄影技术在实际应用中具有可行性。     

20世纪90年代以来北极海冰减少的热动力分析——基于PIOMAS模式结果

本文利用美国华盛顿大学的PIOMAS海冰模式输出结果,分析了20世纪90年代以来北极海冰减少的动力和热力过程的特征,并探讨了海冰减少与北极大气环流模态之间的关系。结果表明:（1）通过弗拉姆海峡输出的多年冰的厚度自1995年以来有显著减少;（2）海冰的热力过程在20世纪90年代以后特别是21世纪以来是海冰减少的主导因素;（3）大气模态中的北极涛动（AO）和北极偶极子（AD）均对北极海冰的动力输出有影响,各自与海冰输出量的相关关系显著,并且AO和AD的多元线性回归能很好的拟合出海冰输出量的减少。     

BS-ACEBOC: a generalized low-complexity dual-frequency constant-envelope multiplexing modulation for GNSS

GPS Solutions - In order to satisfy the need for combining signals in a constant-envelope modulation, we propose a new dual-frequency constant-envelope modulation (DCEM), called asymmetric...     

生态系统服务权衡研究进展：从认知到决策

作为沟通自然生态系统与人类社会的重要桥梁,生态系统服务一直以来都是地理学、生态学等学科的研究前沿和热点。正确认知生态系统服务之间的关系,是开展多种生态系统服务可持续管理决策的前提,有助于人类福祉的全面提升。本文通过厘定生态系统服务权衡的概念内涵,梳理了生态系统服务权衡的空间、时间和可逆性特征,将多层次人类福祉的满足作为权衡的最终目标,视生态补偿为权衡决策的基本保障途径。生态系统服务权衡关系的识别依托于定量指标法和综合模型法,且权衡关系可能随时空尺度的推移发生改变;情景分析与多目标分析是生态系统服务权衡决策的有效手段。生态系统服务权衡多尺度关联、生态系统服务流与远程耦合、生态系统服务消费与生态补偿,成为当前生态系统服务权衡研究的重点方向。