自动气象站的网络化构想

本文是针对气象服务社会的这个宗旨,在自动气象站正式运行之后,应用路由器、交换机、微机ADSL宽带网络等通信设备和通信方式,对气象数据进行网络化管理和使用,提高气象信息的使用率。     

南极企鹅粪土沉积柱样、蛋卵中OCPs、PCBs含量分布及其环境意义

对南极阿德雷岛企鹅栖息地粪土层进行210Pb测年,同时采用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC-ECD)内标定量法测定了企鹅栖息地粪土混合地层和企鹅蛋卵中有机氯污染物含量,粪土混合地层中有机氯污染物最高浓度:表层PCBs为0.92ng/g,HCHs为0.42ng/g,DDTs在0.70ng/g,与非栖息地相比较,研究结果显示,通过鸟类活动的粪土混合地层(营巢和粪便)输入PCBs和OCPs含量比无鸟类生命途径的土壤相对要高。企鹅蛋卵样∑PCB在0.4-10.2ng/g,∑DDT2.4-10.3ng/g,HCB0.1-9.4ng/g,∑HCH0.1-0.5ng/g,总积蓄水平依次为:∑PCB>∑DDT>HCB>∑HCH。     

关于露天矿山边坡稳定性管理研究的若干问题讨论

本文从科学管理的角度,讨论了露天矿山边坡稳定性管理研究的目的意义;详细论述了边坡稳定性管理研究的基本内容;并探讨了边坡岩体滑坡预报和治理加固时机问题,对保证露天矿山的安全生产具有现实意义。     

基于测量机器人的数字化船坞建设方法及应用研究

阐述了基于测量机器人的数字化船坞建设方法,主要分析了数字化船坞建设的关键技术,深入研究了基准控制点选择及基准控制点稳定性观测的方法,并对控制网测量平差及精度进行了评定,最后结合案例给出了建设数字化船坞在建设及应用中的几点意见。     

Synthesis and characterisation of a multifunctional oil-based drilling fluid additive

An oil-based drilling fluid additive H-DEA (or humic acid-cocamide diethanolamine) was synthesised using humic acid and cocamide diethanolamine as raw materials. The rheological behaviors of H-DEA showed that the synthesised product has the good properties in both decreasing the filtrate loss and improving rheology property of oil-based drilling fluids compared with other commercially available additives. Under the optimal additive amount of 3%, both API filtrate loss and yield point changed remarkably from 5.40 to 0.41 mL and 9.0 to 25.6 Pa, respectively. Furthermore, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that H-DEA has good thermal stability in a wide temperature range up to 170 °C. Infrared spectroscopy (IR) and rheological analysis revealed that the possible mechanism of the multifunctional effects may be attributed to the existing of high density of strong polar groups, hydrogen bonds, electrostatic forces, and intermolecular association on H-DEA molecular structure. The results of the study showed that the synthesised H-DEA can be potentially used as a multifunctional oil-based drilling fluid additive in oil-drilling excavation.     

长乐-南澳韧性剪切带走滑特征探讨

长乐-南澳韧性剪切带可能是在碰撞造山缝合带基础上发育的,其走滑特性严格受闽台微大陆与闽浙中生代火山弧碰撞过程中碰撞动力学的制约。岩石韧性组构和糜棱岩变形的微构造研究表明,碰撞前期走滑为左行。在早垩世晚期(100-120Ma)的主碰撞期和以伸展作用为主的碰撞后期,该带以右行为主,这种右行走滑一直持续至今。发育韧性剪切带的闽台微大陆(或称平潭-东山带)原始位置可能比现今更靠南,这是属于几百公里的漂移位移而不是剪切位移。     

Production and Certification of Synthetic Selenium Isotopic Reference Materials

Due to intensive research into selenium isotopes in recent years, the increasing requirement for reliable and comparable measurement results has created a strong demand for selenium isotopic certified reference materials (iCRM) that were previously not available. To address this, eleven selenium iCRMs were developed, including ten synthetic iCRMs (GBW 04447–GBW 04456) and one natural iCRM (GBW 04457). The synthetic iCRMs were prepared with ⁷⁶Se, ⁷⁸Se, ⁸⁰Se and ⁸²Se solutions and a natural selenium solution; the natural iCRM was prepared with highly pure selenium material. The property values of isotope ratios in these iCRMs were certified by calibrated mass spectrometry with a collision cell multi‐collector ICP‐MS. The mass discrimination effect of the instrument was corrected with corresponding ⁷⁸Se/⁷⁶Se isotope mixtures and ⁸²Se/⁷⁶Se isotope mixtures, which were gravimetrically prepared with purified, isotopically enriched selenium materials. Homogeneity and stability tests were performed, and no significant influences were found. The uncertainty of the property values of the iCRMs was evaluated according to the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) of ISO/BIPM and ISO Guide 35. The δ^82/76Se value of GBW 04457 relative to NIST SRM 3149 was also calculated. These iCRMs are intended for use in calibration of instruments and evaluation of methods for the determination of selenium isotope ratios.     

对虾养殖围隔生态系细菌的生物量

对5个对虾养殖围隔生态系细菌生物量(以C计,下同)的研究结果表明,浮游细菌总生物量波动在0.09～0．83mg/dm3之间,平均0．37±0．21mg／dm3,占水层颗粒有机碳含量的11．94%;附着细菌生物量在(0．14～3．69)x10－2mg/dm3)之间,平均(0．77±0．58)x10-2mg/dm3,占浮游细菌总生物量的2.08%±1．95%。随着养殖时间的推移,浮游细菌总生物量、附着细菌生物量均有所上升。底泥细菌生物量为(44～132)x(10-6m/m),平均(86±23)x(10-6m/m),占底泥有机碳含量的1．55%。     

中国铁路客运流联结的城市时间可达性

基于中国铁路客户服务中心提供的客运流数据,采集全国地级以上行政单元(未含港澳台数据)间铁路客运运行的最短历时,基于GIS网络分析和空间分析等方法,选取时间可达性和一日交流圈2个指标对城市可达性进行测度和分析。研究发现:①城市时间可达性水平划分为7个级别,在空间上呈现中心-外围式圈层结构,中心区域沿铁路干线和高速铁路线轴向扩展,廊道效应明显,东部、中部地区的城市时间可达性优于西部地区。②城市之间的时间可达性小于2.0 h的城市对在空间上构成了由京广、京沪、京哈、京福、杭深、青太、徐兰、沪汉蓉、沪昆、广昆等高速铁路连接的"五纵五横"带状分布格局。时间可达性小于10.0 h的城市对覆盖了"胡焕庸线"东南部的大部分区域,城市带转为城市网络。③直辖市、省会/首府城市一日交流圈以31个城市为中心,按照时间可达性由小到大呈现轴向扩展,廊道效应明显。基于城市一日交流圈划分了19个城市群和拉萨城市圈,为城市群的划分提供方法借鉴。