南极长城站地区气象要素的中期振荡特征

本文用多维谱分析的方法研究了1985年1月-1987年12月南极长城站地面气象要素的谱特征。该地区的气象要素与北半球一样,也普遍存在3-5天、准一周、准二周和3-4周振荡周期。在长城站所在的乔治王岛地区,从地面到平流层中下部,气压系统都存在着显著的准二周振荡,这种振荡是由上往下传播的。无论冬、夏季,准二周和准一周振荡都是由西往东传播的,而扰动的南北传播方向则与季节及振荡周期长度有关。南极地区的中期振荡特征与500hPa极地涡旋的活动和强度变化有密切关系。     

天鹅座X-1硬X射线的能量谱

1985年9月22日,我们用空间硬X射线望远镜HAPI-2,在我国的高空气球上,对天鹅座X-1进行了观测,望远镜几何面积为140cm~2,观测能区20—200keV,空间定向精度±0.2°。获得的硬X射线能谱陡,总辐射能流LX～1.0×1~(37)erg/sec,低于常规态。本文将介绍望远镜的性能和观测过程,能谱分析的结果,并对当时天鹅座X-1可能的“态”进行讨论。     

中小地形对局地天气气候的影响

本文采用地形活动坐标系,研究在二维运动条件下地形对局地天气气候的影响。指出:地形对气流的影响不仅与地形高度z有关,而且与地形的坡度α,下垫面的热力分布,近地层大气稳定度г,垂直交换系数k以及基流v等诸因素密切相关。其中下垫面温差,地形坡度和基流尤为重要。     

黄河下游泥沙输移数值模拟

本文从数学模型入手,探讨黄河下游在多年平均来水来沙条件下,泥沙输移与泥沙淤积的特性,得出黄河下游泥沙沿程淤积分布不均匀主要是由于粗沙、中沙沿程淤积不均匀造成的,如果使来沙减少42.6%,黄河下游可望达到冲淤平衡.     

21cm波段太阳爆发中的精细结构

本文简要介绍了云南天文台新建立的21cm波段快速(不中断采样)记录系统,及使用该系统观测到的快速尖峰事件。系统得到的太阳分米波段爆发中不同时间尺度的精细结构与Stu-rroch等提出的太阳耀斑中能量释放的模式相一致。     

论十九世纪德国地理学的统一性观点

“地理学要免被瓜分,就要坚持它的中心原则,这个原则就是各种自然现象和形态同人类的相关。”欧洲古希腊、罗马时代的光辉地理思想经历中世纪黑暗时代的长期窒息,其生命力日见衰竭。十六世纪的地理大发现与文艺复兴使人们的眼光既回顾到古希腊时代的地理观念,又萌生出对于地理学探讨的浓厚兴趣。但十九世纪之前的地理研究大多是抽象的哲理性的探讨和单纯的地理资料的堆砌。十九世纪以德国地理学为代表的欧洲地理学,由于洪堡和李特尔等人的富有创造性的工作,赋予了地理学以新的生机和新的个性,井促使其迅猛发展。本文旨在通过对当时哲学和自然科学发展情况的分析,论述这一时期德国地理学统一性观点的确立。     

WILD PPO-8制作正射影象图的实时控制

本文从倾斜象片与水平象片的透视关系出发,考虑A_8精密立体测图仪的转角系关,导出了模拟计算机比例尺缩放和影象旋转改正公式和实际运算公式,进而阐述了PPO-8正射投影装置是如何实现对ZOOM系统和DOVE系统两个基本公式的控制。     

A study on the flux,speciation, and budget of mercury in controlled experimental ecosystems

The lowest addition of mercury (0.1 ug Hg 1⁻¹) was used in CEEs for research on mercury flux, speciation and budget. The removal behavior of mercury by phytoplankton in water columns of CEEs can be described by first order kinetic equations for total and particulate mercury in the CEE spiked by mercury. The removal rate of mercury in water columns depends on the size and productivity of phytoplanton in a water column to which mercuric ions were added. A 4.4 day half-life time and a 2.8 day half-life time for total and particulate mercury respectively was obtained in diatom bloom. During microflagellate bloom a 30 day total mercury half-life time was estimated with increase of particulate mercury in the water column. The 0.010 ug Hg cm⁻²y⁻¹ mercury flux rate that was attained in the control bag agreed with the values from field measurements in Saanich Inlet where the bags were launched. The proportion of total mercury to dissolved and particulate mercury depended also on the size, productivity, and concentration of mercury in a water column. A more or less constant distribution of mercury species in the control bag was observed as follows: dissolved Hg 0.73, particulate Hg 0.27, inorganic Hg 0.42, dissolved organic Hg 0.31. After spiking with mercury, the particulate mercury rose rapidly and reached to over 70% of the total mercury. The concentration factor of mercury by phytoplankton in the CEEs in the order of 10⁵ was consistent with the results from field measurements in Saanich Inlet. The mercury recovery from the water column, sediment, water with sediment, and the CEE bag walls was only 52.3% of total mercury spiked in the CEE. The losses of mercury by vaporization into the ambient air and diffusion through the wall of the enclosure should be considered. This paper was published in Chinese inOcean. Limn. Sinica,17(4):307–317, 1986.