藏东同普杂岩体年代学、地球化学、Sr-Nd同位素特征及大地构造意义

同普杂岩体位于藏东江达地区。本文对该杂岩体岩相学、年代学、主微量元素以及Sr-Nd同位素进行了详细的研究。结果表明,该杂岩体主要由石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、含黑云母花岗岩和斑状花岗岩4种岩石类型组成,前三者形成时代分别为262.8±1.5Ma、263.9±1.9Ma、263.7±1.6Ma。其中,含黑云母花岗岩与斑状花岗岩呈渐变过渡关系,它们和花岗闪长岩一起均具有高SiO₂(65.1%~76.6%)、高K₂O+Na₂O(4.84%~8.13%),低MgO(0.25%~2.28%),低FeO^T(0.99%~4.44%),高A/CNK值(除一件样品外两者A/CNK值均大于1.1),以及Ba、Sr、Eu亏损等,均符合强过铝质S型花岗岩的特征。但前两者与后者CaO/Na₂O、Rb/Ba、Rb/Sr值均存在明显差异,哈克图解上也不存在线性关系,表明它们源区存在差异。石英闪长岩则具有相对低的SiO₂(54.2%~55.4%)、低K₂O+Na₂O(3.15%~4.72%),高MgO(3.78%~4.79%),高FeO^T(6.13%~8.09%)等特征。其还具有明显的Nb负异常,不具有Sr的负异常,以及轻稀土相对富集等,均符合岛弧岩浆岩的特征。Sr-Nd同位素特征显示,斑状花岗岩与花岗闪长岩具有相似的初始Sr比值(分别为0.7099,0.7125)和ε_Nd(t)值(分别为-8.6,-10.3),而石英闪长岩则具有较低的初始Sr比值(0.7062),较高的ε_Nd(t)值(1.37)。前两者均落入研究区S型花岗岩与高硅流纹岩区域,后者落在金沙江MORB的下方。通过综合分析,本文认为同普杂岩体形成于火山弧环境,且各岩石类型具有不同的源区:含黑云母花岗岩、斑状花岗岩与花岗闪长岩的源区分别为古老的泥质变质岩和贫泥质的变质砂岩;石英闪长岩则来自富集地幔。表明在晚二叠世早期(~263Ma)金沙江洋盆仍处于俯冲阶段,江达地区主要受金沙江洋盆俯冲消减体系控制而非地幔柱体系。     

Climate and environmental changes over the past 150 years inferred from the sediments of Chaiwopu Lake, central Tianshan Mountains, northwest China

We used a 55-cm sediment core from shallow Chaiwopu Lake in the central Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang, northwest China, to investigate climate and environmental changes in this arid region over the past ~150 years. The core was dated using ¹³⁷Cs. We compared temporal changes in several sediment variables with recent meteorological and tree-ring records. Organic matter had a positive correlation with the Palmer Drought Severity Index in the central Tianshan Mountains, and the δ¹³C of organic matter had a positive correlation with regional temperature. We applied constrained incremental sum-of-squares cluster analysis to element concentrations in the core and identified three distinct zones: (1) 55–46 cm, ~1860–1910, (2) 46–26 cm, ~1910–1952, and (3) 26–0 cm, 1952–present. Between 1880 and 1910 AD, following the Little Ice Age (LIA), the sediment environment was relatively stable, climate was cold and dry, and the lake water displayed high salinity, in contrast to conditions during the LIA. During the LIA, westerlies carried more water vapor into Central Asia when the North Atlantic Oscillation was in a negative phase, and encountered the enhanced Siberia High, which probably led to increased precipitation. In the period 1910–1950 AD, the lake was shallow and the regional climate was unstable, with high temperatures and humidity. In the last ~15–20 years, human activities caused an increase in sediment magnetic susceptibility, and heavy metal and total phosphorus concentrations in the sediment were substantially enriched. Mean annual temperature displays a warming trend over the past 50 years, and the lowest temperature was observed in the 1950s. There has been an increase in annual total precipitation since the 1990s. The combined influences of climate and human activity on the lake environment during this period were faithfully recorded in sediments of Chaiwopu Lake. This study provides a scientific basis for environmental management and protection.     

海南省保亭县新村钼矿地质特征及成因探讨

新村钼矿位于海南省保亭县境内,是在海南省发现的又一个达中型规模的钼矿床。矿体主要赋存在次火山岩带中,矿石类型主要有细脉浸染型和石英脉型两种。辉钼矿Re—Os测年研究获得95.6±0.89~97.8±0.5Ma和112.3±4.2Ma的模式年龄,表明矿区可能经历两期矿化,它们可能分别与保城岩体侵位和火山活动有关。硫同位素研究显示,主要的硫源为岩浆源。通过地质资料综合分析,表明新村钼矿为次火山岩容矿,为岩浆后期热液作用形成的热液脉型钼矿床。     

基于高分影像的松嫩低平原地区生态环境问题解析——以黑龙江省肇源县为例

基于高分辨率卫星影像数据,利用遥感、GIS技术获取黑龙江省肇源县内自然资源与生态地质环境各因子分布现状数据,其中：耕地2 541.75 km²、林地161.88 km²、草地349.00 km²、河流128.05 km²、湖泊215.80 km²、沼泽109.17 km²、其他水域84.65 km²、建设用地191.25 km²、未利用地329.94 km²;湿地1 334.54 km²、荒漠化土地775.47 km²。利用地类覆盖率、人均占有量以及景观指数（破碎度指数、平均斑块分形指数、分形维数、多样性指数、均匀度指数）量化分析后,得出两类生态地质环境因子中湿地资源尤其是自然湿地受人类活动干扰程度较大、荒漠化土地受人类活动干扰程度较小的结论。并选取老山村等典型地区进行了多期次遥感动态监测及野外核查,揭示了松嫩低平原典型地区目前存在的湿地退化、土地荒漠化等生态地质环境问题。     

浅层气藏流体相控属性参数建模及应用

对钻井资料较少的莺歌海盆地某气田采用流体相控属性建模,利用叠前纵横波速度比反演预测储层含气性和储层测井综合解释成果,用随机模拟方法建立储层的流体相模型;用流体相模型进行间接相控,建立了用波阻抗约束的随机模拟孔隙度模型,解决了浅层气藏由于受含气效应影响导致模拟的气层孔隙度偏高而难以正确反映储层物性分布的问题。在此基础上求得连通因子平面分布,勾出孔隙度分隔带,解释了研究区压力和气体类型分区特征。     

Failure mechanisms and dynamics of the Shanzao rockslide in Yongjia County,China on 10 August 2019

Landslides - At about 04:00 on 10 August 2019, the heavy rainfall carried by Typhoon Lekima induced a catastrophic rockslide in Shanzao Village, Yongjia County, China. The heavy rainfall triggered...     

Origin of granite at Cabo de Santo Agostinho,Northeast Brazil

A 4 km² exposure of shallowly-emplaced leucogranite on the Atlantic coast at Cabo de Santo Agostinho, 30 km south of Recife, Brazil has been extensively studied chemically and isotopically. Twenty-three major-element analyses indicate that the Cabo granite ranges from peralkaline to peraluminous; Na₂O+K₂O is very high (7.4 to 10.4 wt.%), with CaO low (0.3%) and MgO vanishing (<0.06%). Microprobe analyses confirm the presence of arfvedsonite (biotite absent), and nearly total absence of plagioclase. The rocks are moderately to highly enriched in LREE (La 45 to 350 times chondritic), with extremely pronounced negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu^*=0.02 to 0.07). Whole-rock ¹⁸O is consistent at +8.5±0.3%._oSMOW A Rb-Sr isochron age of isotopically slightly disturbed samples is 104.8±1.8 Ma, with initial⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr=0.7084±0.0011. Sr is depleted (2–20 ppm) but Ba is 200–750 ppm.Crystallization path calculations and petrographic observations suggest that magma formed at a pressure close to 6 kbar but rose to a crustal level equivalent to roughly 1 kbar. Quartz, the liquidus phase at moderate H₂O concentrations and pressures above 2 kbar, was resorbed during decompression as the magma moved upwards. Ultimately, quartz and alkali feldspar coprecipitated. Feldspar was not retained in the source rock nor removed early from the fractionating magma. Therefore the strong negative Eu anomaly and low Sr abundance are characteristics inherited from the source. A high H₂O concentration necessary for a large degree of melting was lacking, hence the Cabo magma composition must reflect a small degree of partial melting of a rather quartz-rich rock such as a feldspathic arenite.In a pre-drift reconstruction of Gondwanaland, the Cabo granite fits on the southernmost and youngest end of the trend of the Niger-Nigerian igneous centers with which it has close affinity. The Cabo granite occupies the western end of the trace of the ancestral Ascension mantle plume which presumably served as the heat source.     

钛白废液的治理与综合利用硫酸钾溶解平衡的热力学研究

本文应用热力学基本原理和方法研究硫酸钾溶解平衡,结果表明,硫酸钾在纯水中的溶解度随温度变化符合前人总结的实验规律,而在４３℃的钛白废水液液中硫酸钾有反常深 现象,这为确定硫酸钾结晶析出的最佳温度提供了热力学依据,通过热力学计算,论证了硫酸钾溶解平衡符合势学基本原理。     

Rb-Sr dating of Paleozoic glauconite from the Llano region,central Texas

Glauconite from eight stratigraphic horizons (Cambrian to Pennsylvanian) in the Llano Uplift, central Texas and two Cretaceous glauconites were analyzed by the Rb-Sr method. Only two untreated samples provide ages in agreement with those anticipated from current best estimates of the geologic time scale. With one exception all the other apparent ages fall short of the estimated age of deposition by as much as 22%. Low ages, the pattern customarily observed, are attributed to postdepositional loss of radiogenic ⁸⁷Sr from expandable layers by weathering or during diagenesis.Detailed leaching experiments using a variety of reagents were performed to characterize the behavior of glauconite. The most promising treatment, which we recommend as standard procedure in all future studies, is with ammonium acetate which is able to purge the mineral of loosely-bound Rb and Sr while leaving tightly-bound components intact. After appropriate leach, three other Rb-Sr ages were brought into coincidence with their estimated ages of deposition.In contrast an Upper Cambrian glauconite was found to be extremely resistant to further alteration by chemical attack′, providing an age of 429 ± 17 M yr. Although 17% short of the age of deposition, this age is interpreted as the time of a real event: diagenetic recrystallization induced by burial. Comparison of data from four samples indicates that for Paleozoic glauconite, conditions exist in which the Rb-Sr system is less susceptible to mild disturbance than is the K-Ar system.