大气热力学的若干新发展

对自20世纪80年代以来的大气热力学发展进行了综合评述, 阐述了如城市热岛效应、全球增暖等非传统大气热力学问题; 基于大气非平衡态热力学的非线性理论, 提出应发展突显热力学作用的数值模式, 并阐述其必要性和可能性。     

金刚石工具富铁胎体掺杂稀土的研究

稀土的加入量、加入形态和在混料中的均匀弥散性直接影响热压富铁金刚石复合材料的性能。改进的稀土掺杂工艺，保证了稀土在胎体中的均匀弥散性；通过试验研究了稀土的加入量与富铁胎体的抗弯强度、抗冲击韧性和孔隙率的关系，从而确定了稀土的最优加入量。通过差热分析试验，认为稀土可以改变富铁胎体的热物理特性。     

一种新的储层孔隙成因类型--石英溶解型次生孔隙

石英作为碎屑岩储层中的一种难溶组分,普遍认为它和次生孔隙的形成关系不十分密切。研究认为泌阳凹陷核桃园组储层中的碎屑石英颗粒存在明显的溶解现象,并形成以石英直接溶解型孔隙为主的储集空间特征。石英颗粒被溶解的部分在薄片中所占的范围为 2 %～ 7%者常见,高者达 8%以上,在总孔隙中所占的相对含量也多数在10 %～ 35 %之间,早成岩B期是其最主要形成期。石英溶解型次生孔隙的大量存在为碎屑岩储层中SiO₂ 胶结物及次生孔隙成因等问题的解释以及储层预测和评价提供了新的可能性。     

秦岭若干重要类型金矿床成矿地质条件研究新进展

通过秦岭金矿区域成矿地质条件研究取得的进展 :八卦庙矿区发育有条带状的热水沉积岩 ,金矿床类型属于热水沉积韧性剪切带改造型 ,矿化类型为细脉浸染型 ;马鞍桥金矿的成矿大地构造环境属于华北板块南缘 ,含矿岩系为早古生代的深水斜坡浊积岩相 ,矿区的“浅色岩相”系变质成因 ;煎茶岭金矿属构造蚀变岩型金矿 ,而非超基性岩浆热液型金矿。以上研究为秦岭地区金矿找矿指出了新方向和新类型     

KARSTIC: a sensitivity method for carbonate aquifers in karst terrain

. Groundwater in karstic aquifers can be dangerously sensitive to contamination. Many cities in the western USA rely on karstic carbonate aquifers for municipal water supplies. For example, Rapid City, South Dakota, pumps more than half of its drinking water from wells in the Madison Limestone. This work examined the sensitivity of karstic aquifers to surface contamination in mountainous terrain. Where karstic carbonate aquifers are exposed at their outcrop areas, they are particularly susceptible to the introduction of contamination through diffuse recharge or through point recharge at swallow holes along streams. Residential developments in mountainous regions of the western USA are encroaching on the recharge areas of karstic aquifers. Many of these residential developments are served by onsite wastewater disposal systems such as septic tanks and drain fields, with the attendant danger of introduction of pathogens from malfunctioning treatment systems above fractured limestone which offers little filtering. Where streams disappear into karstic aquifers at swallow holes, microbial contaminants such as Giardia or Cryptosporidium are a concern, as well as potential spills, leaks, or accidents along roads near these streams. The KARSTIC method developed and modified in this work puts greater emphasis on karst features than previous sensitivity procedures such as the US Environmental Protection Agency's DRASTIC method. The modified method gives increased attention to highly sensitive areas of karstic carbonate aquifers by weighting the synergistic effects of fracturing, karst development, and swallow holes of recharging streams. In a field application, hydrogeologic maps of a watershed in the Black Hills, USA, were digitized into a geographic information system. The resulting sensitivity map and report can be used by planners, managers, and the public as a screening tool for assessing groundwater sensitivity in regions which include karstic aquifers.     

分形在地貌学中应用的几个问题的分析

就实际地貌分形研究工作中经常遇到的截面约定、自仿射分形局域维与渡越长度、分维的比较以及过渡分形等几个问题进行了分析和探讨，并提出了在应用过程中的注意事项和解决方案。     

2001年昆仑山口8.1级巨震后中国大陆、云南地震趋势研究

分析研究了2001年11月14日昆仑山口8．1级巨震对中国大陆云南未来几年地震趋势的影响，指出巨震后6年大陆可能仍然处于地震活跃期，其间大陆西部发生7．0级以上大震可能性较大；受2000－2001年欧亚带东南段大震活动过程及巨震调整影响，未来1－3年云南省可能进入新的活跃期，6．5级以上强震危险性增加。     

Earthquake—generating Structure Revealed by 1999 Sichuan mianzhu Earthquake Sequence with Ms=5.0

Through the accurate determination of hypocenter location,the measurement of the main focal mechanism solutions and the analyses of time dependent processes for Sichuan Mianzhu earthquake sequence with Ms=5.0 occurred along the middle segment of Longmenshan fault zone on November 30,1999,the distribution of focal depth section,the stress relase and seismicity features are given to reveal the earthquake-geneating structure of the earthquake sequence.The obtained results show the activity features for this sequence as follows:(1) There is no obvious foreshock,the accumulated strain energy releases in nearly pulse way,fluctuation of the seismic activity level is not quite evident during the duration of the sequence,and the statistical relation between the large events and the small events is less compatible with the traditional G-R estimation;(2) The epicenters of the earthquake sequence are not distributed on the main Longmenshan piedmont faults emerging out ground,but near the hidden Longmenshan piedmont faults.The direction of epicenter distribution is not very coincident with the fault strikes.The microscopic epicenters are relatively far from the macroscopic epicenters,The focal depths range from 5km to 16km;(3) The fractures of focal fault plane with the NE strike appear out the strike-slip displacement with a few overthrust components under the major principal compressive stress of NNE direction.From these,we consider it should be paid more attentions to the underground hidden faults near the ground fault zone on a large scale for their generating earthquake risk.     

鄂尔多斯高原景观格局变化分析--以伊金霍洛旗为例

以位于内蒙古鄂尔多斯高原上的伊金霍洛旗为研究区域，以景观生态学的数量分析方法为基本手段，在土地利用现状分类体系下，以其1984、1991和1998年3个年度的土地利用图为基础。从区域和斑块类型两个尺度上，对其景观格局进行了数量分析。结果表明，在三个典型年度。天然草地为伊金霍洛旗的景观基质，景观格局指数的所有变化均是在此基础上发生和演变的。从整个景观尺度的格局指数变化情况显示，伊金霍洛旗景观的破碎化程度在增加；同时景观的异质性程度在下降，景观愈来愈有少数景观斑块类型所控制。而在斑块类型这一尺度上的格局指数变化说明，不同类型斑块的复杂性的变化趋势基本相同，即均有不同程度的增长，但增加幅度有限；同时还说明，不同类型斑块内部其大小差异的幅度在不断缩小。但从不同年度的变化情况来看，无论是区域还是不同的斑块类型，其格局指数的变化并不与总体的变化趋势同步。     

宁芜地区大平山铜矿、天台山黄铁矿与古火山机构关系的探讨

以大平山铜矿、天台山黄铁矿矿为例，阐述了该区的矿区、矿床地质及火山机构特征，并从成矿时间、空间及成因三个方面论述了矿床成矿与古火山机构的关系。