Laser Scanning的基本原理及其应用前景

首先介绍了激光测距仪的发展历程,针对应用领域的不同,分别对3维激光成像仪和机载/星载激光测高仪的测量原理进行了阐述,并分别介绍了两种激光测距仪的工作流程以及数据处理流程,最后对两种激光测距仪的应用范围进行了阐述,并把两种激光测距技术和普通摄影测量进行了比较,指出了激光测距技术相对于普通摄影测量的优点,即高精度性、穿透性、实时性。     

用多种策略从机载Lidar数据中提取建筑脚点

设计了一种采用多种策略的建筑脚点提取方法,针对建筑脚点提取中的两个关键步骤———数据分类和建筑脚点分割,分别提出和引入了邻近关系和r半径点密度,从仅反映单次反射的DSM数据中,直接提取出建筑表面点。     

吉林长白山森林冠顶高度激光雷达与MERSI联合反演

将激光雷达与光学遥感相结合进行区域林分冠顶高度联合反演,提出了大脚印激光雷达GLAS脚点波形数据处理和不同地形条件下的森林冠顶高度反演算法,并建立了区域尺度不同森林类型林分冠顶高度GLAS＋MERSI联合反演模型,制作了长白山地区森林冠顶高度图。     

Transmission and visualization of large geographical maps

Transmission and visualization of large geographical maps have become a challenging research issue in GIS applications. This paper presents an efficient and robust way to simplify large geographical maps using frame buffers and Voronoi diagrams. The topological relationships are kept during the simplification by removing the Voronoi diagram’s self-overlapped regions. With the simplified vector maps, we establish different levels of detail (LOD) models of these maps. Then we introduce a client/server architecture which integrates our out-of-core algorithm, progressive transmission and rendering scheme based on computer graphics hardware. The architecture allows the viewers to view different regions interactively at different LODs on the network. Experimental results show that our proposed scheme provides an effective way for powerful transmission and manipulation of large maps.     

中国南方森林冠顶高度Lidar反演—以江西省为例

激光雷达(Lidar)与光学遥感的有效结合对中国南方区域森林冠顶高度反演意义重大,而国产卫星将为中国森林生态研究提供新的数据源。本文联合利用大脚印激光雷达GLA和国产MERSI数据,在实现GLAS波形数据处理和不同地形条件下森林冠顶高度反演算法基础上,建立了区域尺度不同森林类型林分冠顶高度GLAS+MERSI联合反演关系模型,进行了江西地区森林冠顶高度反演。总体上,GLAS激光雷达森林冠顶高度估算精度较高;且在与MERSI 250 m数据的联合反演模型中,针叶林模型精度较好(R²=0.7325);阔叶林次之(R²=0.6095);混交林较差(R²=0.4068)。分析发现,考虑了光学遥感生物物理参数的GLAS+MERSI联合关系模型在区域森林冠顶高度估算中有较高精度,且在空间分布上与土地覆盖数据分布特征非常一致。     

MapInfo系统线(面)目标缓冲区构建模型存在的问题及其改进方法

通过对由MapInfo系统生成的几个典型的点和线(面)目标缓冲区实例的深入剖析,发现了MapInfo系统在线(面)目标缓冲区构建模型中存在的问题。在对其原因进行深入分析与验证的基础上,给出了具体的改进思路和方法。一方面为GIS用户避免对MapInfo系统的线(面)目标缓冲区分析工具的滥用,以及提高空间分析的精度和可信度提供了具体的改进方法与建议;另一方面又为有关软件开发人员研制新版MapInfo系统及其他GIS软件提供了有益的参考。     

Self-calibration Applied in Converting Simulation Surveying

In the field of converting simulation surveying and traditional close range photogrammetry, it has been developed so far to survey objects by commercial digital camera and this technique is applied widely in every part of production. In order to get three-dimensional information of objects, commercial digital camera must be examined. For a long time, digital camera has been examined by DLT. Then there must be a high-precision control field. For realizing surveying without control points, a method for self-calibration is proposed.     

一种基于GTP的地下真3D集成表达的实体模型

从建模对象、组成元素和拓扑描述三个方面对广义三棱柱(GTP)模型进行了修正和扩展。基于修正与扩展后的GTP模型,从地学、几何、拓扑三个层面对地下实体进行了提炼,抽象出8种空间构模几何元素,并将地下实体划分为点、线、面和体4类,体实体又进一步划分为简单体、复合体和复杂体,进而提出了一种基于GTP的地下真3D集成表达的实体模型(GTP-based entity model,GTP-EM);采用面向对象的方法,通过构模元素之间拓扑关系的定义实现了地下实体的拓扑描述,并应用实例验证了GTP-EM的可行性。     

Statistics of GPS ionospheric scintillation and irregularities over polar regions at solar minimum

A statistical study of the occurrence characteristic of GPS ionospheric scintillation and irregularity in the polar latitude is presented. These measurements were made at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard [78.9°N, 11.9°E; 75.8°N corrected geomagnetic latitude (CGMLat)] and Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica (69.4°S, 76.4°E; 74.6°S CGMLat) during 2007–2008. It is found that the GPS phase scintillation and irregularity activity mainly takes place in the months 10, 11 and 12 at Ny-Alesund, and in the months 5, 6 at Larsemann Hills. The seasonal pattern of phase scintillation with respect to the station indicates that the GPS phase scintillation occurrence is a local winter phenomenon, which shows consistent results with past studies of 250 MHz satellite beacon measurements. The occurrence rates of GPS amplitude scintillation at the two stations are below 1%. A comparison with the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) B _y and B _z components shows that the phase scintillation occurrence level is higher during the period from later afternoon to sunset (16–19 h) at Ny-Alesund, and from sunset to pre-midnight (18–23 h) at Larsemann Hills for negative IMF components. The findings seem to indicate that the dependence of scintillation and irregularity occurrence on geomagnetic activity appears to be associated with the magnetic local time (MLT).     

现今板块运动模型的发展及其比较

从地质数据的不断完善到空间大地测量数据的广泛应用,现今板块运动模型的发展有了质的飞跃.评述了其现状与发展趋势;利用ITRF2005的速度场建立了一个完全基于现代空间大地测量实测结果的现今全球板块运动模型ITRF2005VEL,并与地质模型NNR-NUVEL1A进行了比较.结果表明,从整体上看ITRF2005VEL与NNR-NUVEL1A模型有较好的一致性,且较以往的ITRF序列的模型精度更高,但同时也存在着一定的差异性,这与观测台站、板块本身等相关因素都有关.