北京市平原区2015年—2019年0.8 m地表反射率数据集

地表反射率产品作为最重要的定量遥感产品,是很多参量化遥感产品的基础数据源,可以被广泛应用于林业、农业、水资源、生态环境、城市环境等典型应用领域。对于米级高分辨率的遥感影像,国内外不提供反射率影像产品。目前主流的国产高分数据源大部分都是蓝、绿、红、近红4个波段的多光谱数据,缺少短波红外波段,难以满足陆地区域浓密植被算法或者清洁水体的短波红外信号近似看作零的假设条件,要完成精确大气校正、生产大范围的GF-2影像拼接的地表反射率产品,是一个挑战。为了更好的推广高分地表反射率的应用,本研究针对北京市平原区,运用全色和多光谱融合、几何精校正和相对辐射一致化算法,以Sentinel-2为参考影像,生成了一套几何精校正后的0.8 m地表反射率影像集。该数据集时间范围为2015年—2019年,每年一期,包含年度产品的覆盖情况及分布矢量,共计184景地表反射率影像,数据量总共为1.63 TB。     

华北-华东地区高温热浪与土壤湿度的关系研究

利用观测站点的日最高气温、土壤湿度旬观测资料以及土壤湿度再分析资料等,分析了华北-华东地区高温热浪次数的时空变化特征及其与土壤湿度的关系。结果表明:1960s以及1990-2010年为高温热浪次数的高值期,1970s-1980s为低值期。利用旋转经验正交函数分解得到土壤湿度的3个气候分区,分区内前期(3-5月)和同期(6-7月)的土壤湿度与6、7月份高温热浪次数基本呈负相关关系,并且同期相关性更显著。在华北-华东北部与中部,5月下旬土壤湿度与6月高温热浪次数、6月上、中旬平均土壤湿度与6月高温热浪次数、7月平均土壤湿度与7月高温热浪次数的相关性均显著。     

三种非线性回归逐时气温预报比较订正

选取ECMWF和T639的2013年1月至2014年12月的数值预报场构造预报因子,基于神经网络、支持向量机和构造函数的非线性方法,预报地面逐时气温。试验结果显示,在单个方法预报误差较大时,3种方法的偏差订正集成方法更利于减小误差,通过偏差订正,3种非线性方法预报效果良好,平均绝对误差减小了0.5 ℃。在近1年独立样本的预报检验中,集成方法、神经网络、支持向量机和构造函数预报的平均绝对误差分别为1.5 ℃、1.7 ℃、1．8 ℃和1．4 ℃,总体上构造函数预报更为准确。     

The Landau level-superfluid modified factor and the overal soft X/<Emphasis Type="Italic">γ</Emphasis>-ray efficiency coefficient of a magnetar

As soon as the energies of electrons near the Fermi surface exceed Q, the threshold energy of inverse β-decay, electron capture (EC) dominates inside a neutron star. The high-energy neutrons released by EC will destroy anisotropic ³ P ₂ neutron Cooper pairs in the degenerate superfluid. By colliding with the neutrons produced in the process n+(n↑n↓)→n+n+n, the kinetic energies of the neutrons released by EC will be transformed into thermal energy. A portion of this thermal energy will be transported from the star interior to the star surface by conduction, then converted to a thermal spectrum of soft X-rays and γ-rays. By introducing two important parameters: the Landau level-superfluid modified factor and the overal soft X/γ-ray efficiency coefficient, we compute the theoretical luminosity L _X of a magnetar under our model and plot a diagram of L _X as a function of magnetic field strength B. Numerical calculations based on our model agree well with the observed properties of magnetar candidates.     

扬子克拉通西缘穹状变形变质体的类型与成因

扬子克拉通西缘呈分散状产出的一系列穹状变形交质体，按其结构特征与成因，可将其划分为变质核杂岩，岩浆核杂岩，片麻岩穹隆和构造穹隆四种类型。造山后期—期后，深部上隆，浅部伸展，局部岩浆活动和造山期深熔花岗岩底辟侵位所引起的地壳局部隆升与伸展，是形成该区变质核杂岩和岩浆核杂岩的主要原因；片麻岩穹隆和构造穹隆，则分别为双向挤压收缩体制下，局部熔融—重熔花岗岩同构造被动侵位，和单纯的构造变形与叠加变形形成。它们具不同的时、空分布和控矿特征，是扬子克拉通西缘造山过程中不同构造坏境，不同演化阶段和不同构造体制下的产物。     

环渤海葡萄涝渍指标构建及风险评估

以中国环渤海地区葡萄主产区为研究对象,利用1980-2019年研究区域内303个气象站逐日气象资料、葡萄发育期资料和葡萄涝渍灾情资料,基于相对湿润度方法构建葡萄逐日涝渍指数M5i,以历史灾情反演和灾变过程解析为主线,采用正态分布的Lilliefors检验和t分布区间估计等方法,构建适用于中国环渤海地区葡萄主产区的葡萄涝...     

我国海水贝类养殖低碳效应评价

食物生产系统的碳排放占人类活动碳排放总量的 30%, 碳汇渔业是一种重要的面向人类社会高质量食物蛋白质供给 的低碳发展路径。本文基于常见的 11 种养殖贝类的固碳系数和蛋白质含量特性研究,系统评估了我国2019 年养殖牡蛎 、蛤 类、扇贝、贻贝和蚶类等在养殖周期内碳捕集特性以及对低碳发展的贡献。研究表明： (1) 11 种养殖贝类之间贝壳和软体 组织含碳量的差异并不明显,但干重比和出肉率差异显著。因此,贝类固碳量核算不能忽视种类差异。 (2)所选 11 种贝类 软体组织皆属于高蛋白食品,虾夷扇贝软体组织 (干重) 的蛋白质含量最高。针对单位质量贝类养殖,长牡蛎的碳封存贡献 度最大,而华贵栉孔扇贝提供的蛋白质最多,两者都是碳汇渔业的优势种。(3) 据估算,我国2019 年海水养殖贝类中牡蛎、蛤 类 、扇贝和蚶类总共吸收固定了约 117.98 万吨 C02,提供了 40.65 万吨蛋白质 。这些蛋白质相比于牛肉源蛋白质可减少 4 048.74 万吨 C02 当量的排放量。由于贝类固碳强度大,探索低碳可持续的贝类养殖是绿色渔业经济的重要引擎, 也是建立可持续高质量“蓝色粮仓”和生物固碳的重要路径, 将在我国低碳产业发展中发挥重要作用。     

莒县农村集体土地确权登记发证探析

农村产权制度改革试点工作启动以来,莒县农村集体土地确权办及时进行实地调研,全面了解分析村情,确定工作方案,调整工作重点。但工作中存在权属争议较多、历史遗留问题多、时间紧迫、所需经费较多等问题,今后工作中应加大力度,创新工作方法,妥善调处好各类土地权属纠纷;加大软件开发力度,全面实现土地登记信息化;充分应用调查成果,积极服务社会经济发展,以确保农村集体土地确权登记发证工作按时、全部完成。     

The atmospheric circulation patterns influencing the frequency of spring sand-dust storms in the Tarim Basin

Using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and the sand-storm frequency data fi＇om 37 weather stations in the Tarim Basin for the period 1961-2009, the relationship between the frequency of spring sandstorms in the Tafim Basin and the associated atmospheric circu- lation pattems is analyzed in this study. We found significantly negative correlations between sandstorm frequency and the 500-hPa geopotential height over the Paris Basin and midwestem Mongolia, while there were positive correlations over the Ural River region. The rising of the 500-hPa geopotential height in midwestem Mongolia and its falling over the Ural region corre- spond to a weakening of the large-scale wave patterns in the Eurasian region, which directly causes the frequency of the sand-dust storms in the Tarim Basin to decline. Also, the abrupt decline in the spring sandstorm frequency in the Tarim Basin observed in the last half-century is associated with profound changes in the atmospheric circulation in these key regions. At the interannual scale, the strengthened cyclonic atmospheric circulation patterns in the western part of Mongolia and the anticyclonic patterns over the East European plains at 500-hPa geopotential height, are responsible for frequent sandstorm occurrences in the Tarim Basin.     

Effects of salinity on embryonic development,survival, and growth of Crassostrea hongkongensis

This study examined the effects of salinity on embryonic development, survival, and growth of the Hong Kong oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis. The embryos, larvae, and juveniles of C. hongkongensis were held in artificial seawater at three different salinities (low, 15; medium, 23; and high, 30) to determine the optimum hatchery and nursery conditions for mass production of the seeds. Results showed that the percentage production of straight-hinged larvae from fertilized eggs was significantly lower at the high salinity than at the low- and medium-salinities (P < 0.05). The survival rates of larvae and juveniles differed significantly among the three salinity trials, with the highest survival rate observed at the low salinity (P < 0.05). The shell height of larvae was significantly larger at the low salinity than at the high and medium salinities from days 9 to 15 (P < 0.05), whereas that of juveniles was significantly larger at the low salinity than at the high and medium salinities on day 70 (P < 0.05). These results indicate that the larvae and juveniles of C. hongkongensis are tolerant to a wide range of salinities (15 to 30), but show better growth and survival at relatively low salinities. Thus, it is recommended to use relatively low salinities in hatchery and nursery systems for improved yields of C. hongkongensis.