2009年初开封市冬小麦大面积干枯死亡原因分析

2009年1-2月,开封市冬小麦出现大面积的枯黄,甚至死亡现象,对2009年全市夏粮总产量和全年粮食总产量的稳定构成了严重的威胁.对麦田实地调查及对麦播以来开封市气候特征分析结果表明,造成2009年初开封市冬小麦出现大面积枯黄死亡的原因主要有以下几个方面:一是小麦播种以后开封市长期干旱少雨,麦田旱情严重,直接影响到冬小麦正常生长;二是2008年12月下旬开封市出现大范围强降温天气,最低气温锐降至-10 ℃以下,全市冬小麦不同程度受冻;三是农户冬季麦田管理措施不到位,普遍未浇越冬水;四是小麦品种选择不当,部分品种抗逆性较差;五是地下害虫危害较为严重;另外还与本地的小麦耕种方式有一定联系.要减少不利因素对冬小麦生长的影响,就要加强对气候变化的认识,及时采取必要的农业技术措施,提高防灾减灾能力,及时关注天气变化,科学合理适时冬灌,加强田间管理,严防冻害发生;加强病虫害的预测预报;科学做好秸秆还田工作.     

A study on the effects of soil moisture,air humidity,and air temperature on wind speed threshold for dust emissions in the Taklimakan Desert

Natural Hazards - Soil and the atmospheric conditions are important factors that affect wind speed threshold of surface dust emissions. Based on the observed data of surface dust emissions in the...     

Analyses of the Compositional Characteristics and Sources of the Organochlorine Pesticides in the Surface Sediments of Guanghai Bay,Taishan City,Guangdong Province

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are a class of toxic and harmful persistent organic pollutants widely found in environment. Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs) and DDTs are two of the most widely used OCPs (Qiu et al., 2004), so it is important to find out their compositional characteristics and sources in surface sediments. Guanghai Bay is located in the south of Guanghai Bay Industrial Park in Taishan City, Guangdong Province. It borders Huangmaohai to the east and Zhenhai Bay to the west, covering an area of about 236 square kilometers. In this study, surface sediments were collected at 16 sites in Guanghai Bay (Fig. 1). After the surface sediments were pretreated, GC‐MS was used to analyze OCPs. A total of 14 OCPs were detected and their content was shown in Table 1. The concentration of ΣOCPs ranged between 0.507～0.860ng·g‐1, with an average of 0.680 ng?g‐1. In general, the content of ΣOCPs was the highest at No. A12 site. The concentrations of these 14 detected OCPs ordered as dieldrin > epoxy heptachlor > P, P'‐DDD > γ‐HCH >endrin >aldrin > P, P'‐DDE >mirex >hexachlorobenzene >P, P'‐DDT > α‐HCH > δ‐HCH >β‐HCH > heptachlor.     

Progress in the Research on the Impact of Wind Farms on Climate and Environment

Wind power has become one of the fastest growing renewable energy. With the large-scale deployment of wind farms in the world, people have started to pay attention to the impact of wind farms on the ecological environment and climate. This paper summarized the impact of wind farms on climate and ecological environment by investigating relevant literature: In the areas of wind farms, on the one hand, the set-up of wind turbines changes original aerodynamic roughness height and strengthens the dragging of the land surface against turbulence, directly affecting the turbulent motion of the boundary layer, resulting in the changes of intensity and pattern of material energy and water vapor exchange between land surface and near-surface atmosphere, further affecting the atmospheric circulation and climate. On the other hand, wind turbines convert the majority of the wind kinetic energy into electric energy, which produces the wake effect of the wind turbine. The budget patterns and spatial and temporal distribution of large-scale kinetic energy in the boundary layer are changed correspondingly, generating changes in various fluxes (heat flux, water vapor flux, etc.) in the atmosphere, which affect temperature, precipitation, and wind speed. Generally, the warming or cooling effect of wind farms on the near-surface is related to the stability of atmosphere. However, simulations in the global climate model showed that the average impact of wind farms on global climate is small, much smaller than the expected changes in greenhouse gas emissions and the interannual changes in natural climate.Wind power emits almost no carbon dioxide and pollutants. Compared with other traditional energy sources, it reduces water consumption but may generate some negative ecological impacts such as animal habitats, bird collisions, and noise, vision impact. However, some measures can be taken to mitigate these adverse effects.     

东北大兴安岭北段蛇绿岩的时空分布及与区域构造演化关系的研究

大兴安岭北段作为中亚造山带东段重要组成单元,该区域的构造背景一直悬而未决,它涉及兴安与松辽地块基底属性、额尔古纳地块亲缘性以及三者之间的拼贴位置、时限和方式等众多科学问题。蛇绿岩作为研究造山带的重要工具之一,不仅是古板块或微地块的重要边界,而且是认识地幔组成和壳幔演化的重要窗口。然而大兴安岭北段蛇绿岩却鲜有报道。根据近年来野外工作及结合前人研究成果,文章探讨了蛇绿岩形成时代及构造环境。研究表明：(1)大兴安岭北段蛇绿岩整体呈北东向展布,但时代跨越较大,主要包括新元古代、早奥陶世-志留纪、石炭纪-二叠纪;(2)大兴安岭北段蛇绿岩均有E-MORB地球化学特征,其中新元古代的蛇绿岩明显亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta,而晚古生代的蛇绿岩则相对富集高场强元素;(3)大兴安岭北段新元古代蛇绿岩可能形成于洋内岛弧环境,记录着前寒武纪陆弧碰撞信息,而早奥陶世-志留纪蛇绿岩可能与早古生代弧盆体系演化相关。尽管上述认识为大兴安岭北段古生代的地球动力学背景研究提供了新的依据,但大兴安岭北段蛇绿岩仍存在较多问题亟须解决。     

二连盆地脑木根凹陷沉积型铀矿成矿特征

二连盆地乌兰察布坳陷是我国重要的沉积型铀矿成矿区,脑木根凹陷为二连盆地乌兰察布坳陷南缘的一个次级凹陷,其中的下白垩统赛汉组沉积了一套三角洲-湖泊相含煤碎屑岩建造,具备铀成矿基本条件。通过对煤田钻孔资料"二次开发",配合钻探验证,在下白垩统赛汉组中圈定了连续稳定的放射性异常区。发现了潜水氧化型和同沉积泥岩型铀矿成矿类型,研究区铀矿化主要受古气候、成矿期砂体沉积特征、铀源、后生氧化作用等多重因素的控制。建立了研究区潜水氧化叠合同沉积泥岩型铀矿成矿模式。     

平庄盆地六家立井地区找铀目标层岩石学特征及其找矿意义

六家立井地区位于平庄盆地北缘,白垩系下统阜新组上段是该区砂岩型铀矿床目标层位,具有较好找铀前景。为深入了解该区砂体的岩石学特征,通过野外钻探工作、岩心编录、样品采集及岩矿测试方法,详细研究了目标层碎屑岩类型、碎屑岩成分、结构构造等岩石学方面特征。结果表明目标层碎屑岩成分成熟度和结构成熟度均较低,具有搬运距离短、沉积速度快的特点,其物源较单一,初步判断物源来自盆地东北部和西北部隆起带酸性花岗岩,同时也为铀成矿提供了良好的铀源。     

胜利东二号露天矿6煤层直接液化性能评价

基于褐煤直接液化特性与煤性质的关系,从煤岩组分和煤质基本性质出发,结合前人对与褐煤直接液化相关的煤岩组分和煤质指标研究成果,通过采样测试与收集数据,探讨了胜利煤田东二号露天矿6煤层煤岩组分、灰分、挥发分、H/C原子比对其直接液化的影响,提出了褐煤作为直接液化的指标要求范围。结果表明:该煤层活性组分(腐植组和稳定组)含量较高,挥发分含量大于35%、H/C原子大部分大于0. 70、浮煤灰分大部分小于10%,符合液化指标要求,可作为较理想的直接液化原料煤。     

2000—2019年秦岭南北实际蒸散发时空变化特征

基于遥感数据全面认识复杂地形单元实际蒸散发时空规律,对区域可持续水资源管理具有重要的意义。论文基于MODIS实际蒸散发(ET)数据,对2000—2019年秦岭南北ET时空变化特征进行分析,探究不同分区ET对植被变化的响应关系,进而识别ET趋势和年代变化的高相关海气环流因素。结果表明：① 在变化趋势上,以1000 m等高线为界,即秦岭地区北亚热带和山地暖温带的分界线,低海拔河谷地带为ET显著增加区,山地高海拔地区为ET下降区;② 除城市、乡镇周边地区,研究期间秦岭南北下垫面相对稳定,转为生态用地的活跃区主要分布在山地1000 m过渡带,其是ET与NDVI变化显著相关区,而1000 m以上高海拔地区两者相关性较低;③ ENSO、青藏高原北部气压异常,与秦岭山地、汉江谷地ET的趋势变化和年代波动显著相关,而西太平洋副热带高压与ET的趋势显著相关,与年代波动特征相关较弱。即发生中部型厄尔尼诺事件时,西太平洋副热带高压偏强,对流层低层形成异常反气旋,导致中国东部雨带北移,秦岭山地和汉江谷地降水偏少,气温偏高,ET往往偏大。研究结果启示：秦岭南北科学适应气候变化时,应关注秦岭山地、汉江谷地ET变化显著相关的环流信号;应深刻理解秦岭高海拔地区蒸散发下降趋势对区域水资源管理的影响。     

Machine-Learning-Aided Determination of Post-blast Ore Boundary for Controlling Ore Loss and Dilution

Natural Resources Research - In the process of open-pit bench blasting for many mines, rock fragments move in the direction of loose space after fragmentation under explosive energy, leading to ore...